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PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different surface treatments and thicknesses on the color, transparency, and surface roughness of ultra-transparent zirconia. METHODS: A total of 120 Katana ultra-translucent multi-layered zirconia specimens were divided into 12 groups according to the thickness (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm) and surface treatment (control, airborne particle abrasion [APA], lithium disilicate coating, and glaze on). Color difference (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP00) were calculated using a digital spectrophotometer. The surface roughness (Ra, Rq, Sa, and Sq) was measured using a non-contact profile scanner. The surface morphologies and microstructures of the samples were observed using a tungsten filament scanning electron microscope. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc multiple comparisons and Pearson's correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that the surface treatment, ceramic thickness, and their interactions had significant effects on ΔE00 and RTP00 (p < 0.001). The surface treatment significantly altered the micromorphology and increased the surface roughness of the ceramic samples. APA exhibited the lowest transparency, largest color difference, and highest surface roughness. Zirconia with 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm thicknesses showed strong negative correlations between Sa and RTP00. CONCLUSIONS: The three internal surface treatments significantly altered the surface roughness, color difference, and transparency of ultra-transparent zirconia. As the thickness increased, the influence of the inner surface treatment on the color difference and transparency of zirconia decreased. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: For new zirconia internal surface treatment technologies, in addition to considering the enhancement effect on the bonding properties, the potential effects on the color and translucency of high-transparency zirconia should also be considered. Appropriately increasing the thickness of zirconia restorations helps minimize the effect of surface treatment on the optical properties.
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Cor , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Espectrofotometria , Propriedades de Superfície , Zircônio , Zircônio/química , Porcelana Dentária/química , Materiais Dentários/química , Colagem Dentária/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of machine learning (ML)-based ultrasound (US) radiomics models for risk stratification of gallbladder (GB) masses. METHODS: We prospectively examined 640 pathologically confirmed GB masses obtained from 640 patients between August 2019 and October 2022 at four institutions. Radiomics features were extracted from grayscale US images and germane features were selected. Subsequently, 11 ML algorithms were separately used with the selected features to construct optimum US radiomics models for risk stratification of the GB masses. Furthermore, we compared the diagnostic performance of these models with the conventional US and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) models. RESULTS: The optimal XGBoost-based US radiomics model for discriminating neoplastic from non-neoplastic GB lesions showed higher diagnostic performance in terms of areas under the curves (AUCs) than the conventional US model (0.822-0.853 vs. 0.642-0.706, p < 0.05) and potentially decreased unnecessary cholecystectomy rate in a speculative comparison with performing cholecystectomy for lesions sized over 10 mm (2.7-13.8% vs. 53.6-64.9%, p < 0.05) in the validation and test sets. The AUCs of the XGBoost-based US radiomics model for discriminating carcinomas from benign GB lesions were higher than the conventional US model (0.904-0.979 vs. 0.706-0.766, p < 0.05). The XGBoost-US radiomics model performed better than the CEUS model in discriminating GB carcinomas (AUC: 0.995 vs. 0.902, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed ML-based US radiomics models possess the potential capacity for risk stratification of GB masses and may reduce the unnecessary cholecystectomy rate and use of CEUS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The machine learning-based ultrasound radiomics models have potential for risk stratification of gallbladder masses and may potentially reduce unnecessary cholecystectomies. KEY POINTS: ⢠The XGBoost-based US radiomics models are useful for the risk stratification of GB masses. ⢠The XGBoost-based US radiomics model is superior to the conventional US model for discriminating neoplastic from non-neoplastic GB lesions and may potentially decrease unnecessary cholecystectomy rate for lesions sized over 10 mm in comparison with the current consensus guideline. ⢠The XGBoost-based US radiomics model could overmatch CEUS model in discriminating GB carcinomas from benign GB lesions.
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Carcinoma , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Meios de Contraste , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Aprendizado de Máquina , Medição de Risco , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The relation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using six databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang and Cochrane Library. The selection of each study was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to assess the quality of the included studies, while the strength was evaluated by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The following contrasts were used: allele contrast (H vs h), homozygous contrast (HH vs hh), heterozygous contrast (Hh vs hh), dominant contrast (HH + Hh vs hh) and recessive contrast (HH vs Hh + hh). For the BsmI-rs1544410 polymorphism, three studies were included of 782 cases and 863 controls. The data showed a significant relationship under allele contrast H vs h (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.20-2.30 (P = 0.002)). For the TaqI-rs731236 polymorphism, 675 cases and 697 controls were included in two studies. The data showed a significant relationship under allele contrast H vs h (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.11-2.21 (P < 0.05)), homozygous contrast Hh vs hh (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.12-2.43 (P < 0.05)), and recessive contrast HH + Hh vs hh (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.13-2.43 (P < 0.05)). There were significant relationships between VDR gene BsmI-rs1544410 and TaqI-rs731236 polymorphisms and AS, while no associations were found between FokI-rs2228570 and ApaI-rs7975232 polymorphisms and AS. In the future, additional studies with larger case numbers are need.
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Receptores de Calcitriol , Espondilite Anquilosante , Humanos , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Espondilite Anquilosante/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Homozigoto , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Introduction: Dupilumab is approved for a variety of type 2 inflammatory diseases. Changes in chemokine levels during treatment require further analysis. Aim: We evaluated changes in eotaxin-3 and PARC levels after dupilumab treatment through a meta-analysis, aiming to provide more comprehensive results. Material and methods: Databases were searched to select eligible publications. The study quality was assessed after inclusion. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for evaluation. Results: Four studies were included. Eotaxin-3 levels were not seen significantly decreased at weeks 1 and 12, with SMD = -0.39 (95% CI: -1.78, 0.99) and -2.60 (95% CI: -5.77, 0.57), respectively (p > 0.05). Eotaxin-3 levels decreased significantly at weeks 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 52, with SMD = -0.94 (95% CI: -1.61, -0.27); -1.17 (95% CI: -1.49, -0.84); -1.20 (95% CI: -1.52, -0.88); -1.31 (95% CI: -1.83, -0.79); -4.57 (95% CI: -6.90, -2.33); -5.28 (95% CI: -5.52, -5.04); and -4.03 (95% CI: -4.22, -3.85) (p < 0.05), respectively. PARC levels decreased significantly at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16, with SMD = -1.08 (95% CI: -1.59, -0.58); -1.17 (95% CI: -1.68, -0.66); -1.11 (95% CI: -1.61, -0.60); and -1.15 (95% CI: -1.66, -0.64) (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Eotaxin-3 and PARC levels can be significantly reduced in patients treated with dupilumab.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence of the association between CLTA-4 gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata (AA). METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were searched until 30 April 2021. The selection was completed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study quality assessment was based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The assessment of the association was measured by ORs and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Nine studies, containing 2858 AA cases and 5444 disease-free control subjects were included. For rs231775 polymorphism, no significant association with AA was found, which was A vs. a, OR = 1.02 [0.81, 1.30], p = 0.85; AA vs. aa, OR = 1.26 [0.81, 1.97], p = 0.31; Aa vs. aa, OR = 1.04 [0.54, 2.01], p = 0.91; AA + Aa vs. aa, OR = 1.04 [0.71, 1.53], p = 0.82; AA vs. Aa + aa, OR = 1.31 [0.97, 1.78], p = 0.08. For rs3087243 polymorphism, also no significant association was found, which was A vs. a, OR = 0.93 [0.78, 1.11]; p = 0.40, AA vs. aa, OR = 0.68 [0.44, 1.06]; p = 0.09; Aa vs. aa, OR = 0.87 [0.45, 1.68], p = 0.68; AA + Aa vs. aa, OR = 0.93 [0.68, 1.28], p = 0.66; AA vs. Aa + aa, OR = 0.78 [0.34, 1.81], p = 0.57. For rs231726 polymorphism, a significant correlation was found, which was A vs. a, OR = 0.76 [0.70, 0.82], p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation between CTLA-4 rs231726 polymorphism and AA susceptibility was found, but no significant association of CTLA-4 gene rs231775 and rs3087243 polymorphisms and AA susceptibility was found.
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Alopecia em Áreas , Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo , Alopecia em Áreas/genética , Antígeno CTLA-4/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Pursuing ever-smaller feature size in laser-based lithography is a research topic of vital importance to keep this technique competitive with other micro-/nano-fabrication methods. Features smaller than the diffraction-limited spot size can be obtained by "thresholding", which utilizes the deterministic nature of damage threshold with ultrashort laser pulses and is achieved by precisely tuning pulse energies so that only the central portion of the focal spot produces permanent modification. In this paper, we examine the formulation commonly used to describe thresholding and show that the relationship between feature size (r) and laser fluence (F) is invariant with respect to the nature of laser absorption. Verified by our experiments performed on metal, semiconductor, and dielectric samples, such invariance is used to predict the smallest feature size that can be achieved for different materials in a real-world system.
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Bursts of 16 femtosecond laser pulses are generated in a fourfold Michelson interferometer with a tunable delay and envelope. Solutions are given to solve the "forward problem" (bursts from a given parameter set) and "inverse problem" (obtain parameter set from a given burst). Three types of bursts are generated experimentally with envelopes suitable for applications in laser materials processing and the generation of terahertz radiation.
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This publisher's note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.45, 1994 (2020).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.385011.
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We demonstrate a method of laser ablation with reduced feature size by using a pair of ultrashort pulses that are partially overlapped in space. By tuning the delay between the two pulses, features within the overlapping area are obtained on the surface of fused silica. The observed dependence of the feature position on delays longer than the free-carrier lifetime indicates an ionization pathway initiated by self-trapped excitons. This method could be used to enhance the resolution of laser-based lithography.
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We investigate the phase behaviours of Pluronic L62 in aqueous solution in the presence of aerosol-OT (AOT) molecules by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The presence of AOT significantly changes the micellization phenomenon of L62 micelles in aqueous solution, including their critical micelle temperature (CMT), global size, and asphericity. The origin of these observations is attributed to the complexation between the neutral L62 surfactants and the ionic AOT molecules, which additionally provides charge to the mixed micelles: we analyse the data and extract meaningful information using the Ornstein-Zernike integral formalism. As a result, we observe that the co-micellization of L62 and AOT is very stable across a wide temperature range.
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The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Talinum paniculatum (Caryophyllale), a source of pharmaceutical efficacy similar to ginseng, and a widely distributed and planted edible vegetable, were sequenced and analyzed. The cp genome size of T. paniculatum is 156,929 bp, with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,751 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,898 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,529 bp. The genome contains 83 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and four pseudogenes. Fifty one (51) repeat units and ninety two (92) simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found in the genome. The pseudogene rpl23 (Ribosomal protein L23) was insert AATT than other Caryophyllale species by sequence alignment, which located in IRs region. The gene of trnK-UUU (tRNA-Lys) and rpl16 (Ribosomal protein L16) have larger introns in T. paniculatum, and the existence of matK (maturase K) genes, which usually located in the introns of trnK-UUU, rich sequence divergence in Caryophyllale. Complete cp genome comparison with other eight Caryophyllales species indicated that the differences between T. paniculatum and P. oleracea were very slight, and the most highly divergent regions occurred in intergenic spacers. Comparisons of IR boundaries among nine Caryophyllales species showed that T. paniculatum have larger IRs region and the contraction is relatively slight. The phylogenetic analysis among 35 Caryophyllales species and two outgroup species revealed that T. paniculatum and P. oleracea do not belong to the same family. All these results give good opportunities for future identification, barcoding of Talinum species, understanding the evolutionary mode of Caryophyllale cp genome and molecular breeding of T. paniculatum with high pharmaceutical efficacy.
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Caryophyllales/genética , Genoma de Cloroplastos , Genoma de Planta , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Biológica , Caryophyllales/classificação , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Tamanho do Genoma , Íntrons , Medicina Tradicional , Repetições de Microssatélites , Filogenia , RNA de Transferência/genética , Verduras/classificação , Verduras/genéticaRESUMO
Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb and Kalimeris indica are widely distributed edible vegetables and the sources of the Chinese medicine Asteraceae. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Asteraceae usually occurs in the inversions of two regions. Hence, the cp genome sequences and structures of Asteraceae species are crucial for the cp genome genetic diversity and evolutionary studies. Hence, in this paper, we have sequenced and analyzed for the first time the cp genome size of C. carinatum Schousb and K. indica, which are 149,752 bp and 152,885 bp, with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) (24,523 bp and 25,003) separated by a large single copy (LSC) region (82,290 bp and 84,610) and a small single copy (SSC) region (18,416 bp and 18,269), respectively. In total, 79 protein-coding genes, 30 distinct transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, four distinct rRNA genes and two pseudogenes were found not only in C. carinatum Schousb but also in the K. indica cp genome. Fifty-two (52) and fifty-nine (59) repeats, and seventy (70) and ninety (90) simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found in the C. carinatum Schousb and K. indica cp genomes, respectively. Codon usage analysis showed that leucine, isoleucine, and serine are the most frequent amino acids and that the UAA stop codon was the significantly favorite stop codon in both cp genomes. The two inversions, the LSC region ranging from trnC-GCA to trnG-UCC and the whole SSC region were found in both of them. The complete cp genome comparison with other Asteraceae species showed that the coding area is more conservative than the non-coding area. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the rbcL gene is a good barcoding marker for identifying different vegetables. These results give an insight into the identification, the barcoding, and the understanding of the evolutionary model of the Asteraceae cp genome.
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Asteraceae/genética , Chrysanthemum/genética , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Genoma de Cloroplastos , Plantas Comestíveis/genética , Ribulose-Bifosfato Carboxilase/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Chrysanthemum/classificação , Códon , Códon de Terminação , Filogenia , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
Objective: To assess the correlations between Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, pruritus, and lesion severity in patients with eczema, atopic dermatitis, or urticaria. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and data of 814 patients who visited the dermatology or allergy clinics of multiple hospitals, from December 2019 to December 2021, were collected. Patients were divided into children group (<18 years, 325 cases), adult group (18-60 years, 435 cases), and older population group (>60 years, 54 cases) based on the age. Baseline information, pruritus severity, severity of skin lesions, total IgE level, and specific IgE level were recorded to analyze the complex relationship between them. Results: The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis in the children group was significantly higher than that in the adult and older population group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The positive rate of specific IgE in children group was significantly higher than that in the adult and older population group (P < 0.01). The IgE levels in children with moderate pruritus were significantly lower than those of severe pruritus (63.39vs 114.42 IU/mL, P < 0.05). The IgE levels in children with mild and moderate skin lesions were significantly lower than those in children with severe skin lesions (58.95 vs 72.88 vs 169.15 IU/mL, P < 0.001 or P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Relationships among age, severity of skin pruritus and lesions, and allergen-specific IgE response are complex and subtle, displaying dynamic patterns.
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reproducibility of tissue attenuation imaging (TAI) and tissue scatter distribution imaging (TSI) measurements in adults with suspected metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) between radiologists with varying experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants with suspected MASLD were prospectively recruited. TAI and TSI were performed for each participant by two radiologists with different levels of experience. Interoperability reliability was assessed on the basis of Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The study determined and compared the diagnostic performance of TAI and TSI with clinical prediction models using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) as a reference. RESULTS: A total of 180 participants (women, n = 56; men, n = 124, mean age, 46.98 ± 14.92 years; mean BMI, 25.81 ± 4.47) were enrolled from August 2022 to September 2022. Bland-Altman plots showed only slight deviation in the TAI and TSI results of the two radiologists; there was good interoperator reproducibility for TAI (ICC = 0.92) and TSI (ICC = 0.86). Senior and junior radiologists performed examinations labeled as TAI-1 and TSI-1, and TAI-2 and TSI-2, respectively. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of TAI-1, TAI-2, TSI-1, and TAI-2 for the detection of ≥5 % hepatic steatosis were 0.90, 0.96, 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. According to ROC analysis, the diagnostic performance of both radiologists for TAI and TSI was statistically similar and superior to that of the clinical prediction model. CONCLUSIONS: TAI and TSI have good reproducibility between radiologists with different levels of experience. Meanwhile, both TAI and TSI demonstrated good diagnostic performance for hepatic steatosis (≥5%), surpassing that of clinical prediction models.
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Fígado Gorduroso , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adulto , Variações Dependentes do ObservadorRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the agreement between quantitative ultrasound system fat fraction (USFF) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the diagnostic value of USFF in assessing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). METHODS: The participants with or suspected of MAFLD were prospectively recruited and underwent 1H-MRS, USFF, and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurements. The correlation between USFF and 1H-MRS was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. The USFF diagnostic performance for different grades of steatosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC) and was compared with CAP, visual hepatic steatosis grade (VHSG). RESULTS: A total of 113 participants (mean age 44.79 years ± 13.56 (SD); 71 males) were enrolled, of whom 98 (86.73%) had hepatic steatosis (1H-MRS ≥ 5.56%). USFF showed a good correlation (Pearson r = 0.76) with 1H-MRS and showed a linear relationship, which was superior to the correlation between CAP and 1H-MRS (Pearson r = 0.61). The USFF provided high diagnostic performance for different grades of hepatic steatosis, with ROC from 0.84 to 0.98, and the diagnostic performance was better than that of the CAP and the VHSG. The cut-off values of the USFF were different for various grades of steatosis, and the cut-off values for S1, S2, and S3 were 12.01%, 19.98%, and 22.22%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was a good correlation between USFF and 1H-MRS. Meanwhile, USFF had good diagnostic performance for hepatic steatosis and was superior to CAP and VHSG. USFF represents a superior method for noninvasive quantitative assessment of MAFLD. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Quantitative ultrasound system fat fraction (USFF) accurately assesses liver fat content and has a good correlation with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for the assessment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as well as for providing an accurate quantitative assessment of hepatic steatosis. KEY POINTS: Current diagnostic and monitoring modalities for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease have limitations. USFF correlated well with 1H-MRS and was superior to the CAP. USFF has good diagnostic performance for steatosis, superior to CAP and VHSG.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical value of pre-treatment quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in assessing the response of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) to chemotherapy plus targeted therapy. METHODS: This study retrospectively enrolled 50 CRLM patients from the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University as the training cohort and 14 patients from Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital as the testing cohort. Patients underwent the CEUS examination before receiving chemotherapy (CAPOX, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, or FOLFOXIRI) plus targeted therapy (Bevacizumab or Cetuximab). The therapy response was determined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 based on pre-treatment CT and 3-month follow-up CT after therapy. Dynamic analysis was performed by VueBox® software. Time-intensity curves with quantitative perfusion parameters were obtained. In the training cohort, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop the predictive model of therapy response. The predictive performance of the developed model was validated in the testing cohort. RESULTS: After the logistic regression analyses, the peak enhancement (PE) (odds ratio = 1.640; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.022-2.633) and time to peak (TTP) (odds ratio = 0.495; 95% CI 0.246-0.996) were determined as independent predictive factors. PE and TTP generated from VueBox® were not affected by ultrasound instruments and contrast agent dosage in therapy response evaluation (P > 0.05). The logistic regression model achieved satisfactory prediction performance (area under the curve: 0.923 in the training cohort and 0.854 in the testing cohort). CONCLUSION: CEUS with dynamic quantitative perfusion analysis, which presents high consistency, has potential practical value in predicting the response of CRLM to chemotherapy plus targeted therapy.