A program to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of needle stick and sharps injuries through bundled interventions among nurses: An KAP Mode-Based Approach to Intervention.

Nurses face a greater risk of needle stick and sharp injuries (NSIs) because they do most of the injections and procedures with sharp instruments. The current study tested a program to improve nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices on NSIs, three phases were included: Developing the Hospital Practice Standard, implementing a series of measures and implementing of quality supervision phases. It consisted of a bundle of interventions based on Knowledge-Attitudes-Belief-Practice (KAP-KABP) Model with a pretest-posttest design. We obtained a total of 656 (88.53%) completed pre-intervention questionnaires and 674 (92.97%) post-intervention ones. The number of trained participants on NSIs increased from 615 (93.7%) to 666 (98.8%), and reported of NSIs within 3 months decreased from 42 to 15 (2.2%) after the intervention. The total score of Knowledge of NSIs improved from 19.18 (SD = 1.31) to 19.42 (SD = 0.93) after training (Z = -4.025, P < 0.001), the Attitude was raised from 54.21 (SD = 4.09) to 55.24 (SD = 3.59) (Z = -5.261, P < 0.001), and the Practice increased from 89.28 (SD = 7.22) to 92.74 (SD = 7.22), with a P Value<0.05. The findings indicated the program can improve the nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards NSIs prevention. There is a statistically significant increase in the practice score and decrease in the incidence rate of NSIs after the intervention.

Multiwavelength narrow linewidth erbium-doped fiber laser based on FP-LDs.

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a technique to realize multiwavelength operation in erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) by inserting two Fabry Pérot laser diodes (FP-LDs) in the laser cavity respectively in cascaded and parallel way. The FP-LDs not only act as wavelength selection elements, but also offer optical gain or loss for the operation wavelengths in the laser cavity. The gains or losses for the oscillation wavelengths obtained from FP-LDs differ with adjustment of the driving current of the FP-LDs. Thus, the utilization of the FP-LDs in the laser cavity can introduce wavelength dependent gain or loss which can effectively suppress the competition caused by the homogeneous gain broadening of the erbium-doped fiber (EDF). As a result, 16-wavelength and 20-wavelength operation with a wavelength-spacing of 1.25 nm has been achieved respectively in the cascaded and parallel FP-LDs based EDFL schemes. The measured power fluctuation of each wavelength is smaller than 0.4dB for both EDFLs. Furthermore, the injection locking of the FP-LDs ensures a narrow linewidth of the EDFL output and the linewidth is estimated to be narrower than 100 MHz for the cascaded scheme based EDFL.