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Electroacupuncture (EA) is well documented to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanism of the central nervous system related to IBS and acupuncture stimulation is still not well known. In this study, a rat model of IBS was established by cold-restraint comprehensive stresses for 15 days, and it was found that the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone (CORT), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the peripheral serum were increased; the visceral sensitivity was enhanced; and the intestinal motility was accelerated, specifically, there was an enhancement in the discharge frequency of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). EA treatment for 3 days, 20 min/day, alleviated the increase in the levels of CRH, CORT, and ACTH in the peripheral serum of rats, reduced the visceral sensitivity of IBS rats, and inhibited colon movement and discharge frequency of the neurons in the PVN. In addition, EA could reduce the excitability of CRH neurons and the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) in PVN. At the same time, the expression of CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 in the peripheral colon was decreased. Taken together, EA appears to regulate intestinal functional activity through the central CRH nervous system, revealing the central regulation mechanism of EA in IBS rats, and providing a scientific research basis for the correlation among the meridians, viscera, and brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The purpose of this research was to determine the central regulatory mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our results showed that combined with the serum changes in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone (CORT), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the improvement of IBS by EA was related to them. Furthermore, EA could regulate intestinal functional activity through the central CRH+ nervous system.
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Eletroacupuntura , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Ratos , Animais , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/metabolismo , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/metabolismo , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia , Corticosterona , Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismoRESUMO
We assessed the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the development of metabolic syndrome in the elderly over 55 years in Northern China. The data of 1936 Chinese adults aged 55 years and over from a community-based neurological disease cohort study from 2018 to 2019 were analysed. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines regression were used for analysis, and social demographics, lifestyle and health-related factors were adjusted. In the fully adjusted model, the risk of metabolic syndrome increased by 1·28-fold in people with a pro-inflammatory diet. When we divide the metabolic syndrome by its components, high pro-inflammatory diet and hyperglycaemia, TAG, hypertension and abdominal obesity, we failed to observe a significant association between a high pro-inflammatory diet and HDL-cholesterol. However, these associations are moving in the expected direction. At the same time, the results of BMI subgroup analysis showed that with the increase of DII, obese people are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome, hyperglycaemia, high TAG, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Also in overweight people, the increase in DII is accompanied by an increased risk of hyperglycaemia and abdominal obesity. Higher inflammatory diet is related to metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia. Further research is needed to confirm the role of inflammation and diet in the development of metabolic syndrome; however, it is desirable to reduce the dietary components associated with inflammation.
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Hiperglicemia , Hipertensão , Síndrome Metabólica , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Obesidade Abdominal , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Inflamação , Obesidade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Aqueous electrolytes have attracted widespread attention as they are safe, environmentally benign and cost effective, holding great promise for future low-cost and sustainable energy storage devices. Nonetheless, the narrow electrochemical stability window caused by water electrolysis, as well as the trade-off between the stability window and other properties remain the bottleneck problem for the practical applications of aqueous electrolytes. Deep insights into the correlations between the microscopic physicochemical and electrochemical mechanisms and the macroscopic properties of aqueous electrolyte are essential for the envisaged applications, yet a systematic analysis of the recent progress in this area is still lacking. In this Perspective article, the basic mechanisms and influencing factors of water electrolysis including the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions is critically examined. We systematically review the current state-of-the-art on high-voltage aqueous electrolytes focusing on the fundamental mechanisms of ion kinetics leading to dynamic electrolyte restructuring. Recent advances on the optimization of high-voltage aqueous electrolytes are also summarized. The existing challenges are identified and perspectives for exploring and developing future high-voltage aqueous electrolytes are provided.
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BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that a direct association exists between the diet and blood uric acid concentrations. However, works on the association of dietary patterns with blood uric acid concentrations and hyperuricemia remain limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the association of dietary patterns with blood uric acid concentrations and hyperuricemia. METHODS: The relationship between dietary patterns and hyperuricemia was explored through a nutritional epidemiological survey in China (n = 4855). Three statistical methods, including principal component analysis, reduced rank regression (RRR), and partial least squares regression, were used to extract dietary patterns. General linear regression and logistic regression analyses were utilized to explore the relationship of dietary patterns with blood uric acid concentrations and hyperuricemia. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the score for the plant-based dietary pattern was found to be negatively correlated with blood uric acid levels (ß = - 3.225) and that for the animal dietary pattern was discovered to be directly correlated with blood uric acid levels (ß = 3.645). The participants in the highest quartile of plant-based dietary pattern scores were at a low risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 0.699; 95% CI: 0.561-0.870, P < 0.05), whereas those in the highest quartile of animal dietary pattern scores were at a high risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 1.401; 95% CI: 1.129-1.739, P < 0.05). The participants in the third quartile of scores for the RRR dietary pattern, which was characterized by the relatively high intake of poultry, sugary beverages, and animal organs and the low intake of desserts and snacks, had a significantly higher risk of hyperuricemia than those in the first quartile of scores for the RRR dietary pattern (OR = 1.421; 95% CI: 1.146-1.763, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our research indicated that plant-based dietary pattern analyzed by PCA was negatively associated with blood uric acid concentrations, while animal-based dietary pattern was directly associated with blood uric acid concentrations. The RRR dietary pattern may have the potential to induce elevations in blood uric acid concentrations.
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Hiperuricemia , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Dieta , Humanos , Hiperuricemia/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores de Risco , Ácido ÚricoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sedentary behaviours (SBs) are now considered a risk factor for depression. Older adults are sedentary most of the time and are at a high risk of depression. However, not all types of SBs have adverse effects on mental health. Passive SBs (such as watching TV) increase the risk of depression, whereas mentally active SBs (such as using the internet and reading) decrease the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between type of SBs (i.e., passive and mentally active SBs) and depression among people aged 60 years and older in the Hebei Province of China. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline survey of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases. A total of 2679 older adults aged ≥60 years from the Hebei Province of China were included in this study. The type and time spent on SBs were self-reported. Watching TV was defined as a passive SB, whereas internet use, reading, and social SBs (including communicating with others and playing chess) were defined as mentally active SBs. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The maximal possible score was 30 points, and ≥ 11 points indicated depression. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between SBs and depression. Covariates included sex, age, education, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, domestic work, physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases. RESULTS: At baseline, the participants who spent two or more hours and 0 h on passive SBs (i.e., TV viewing) had a greater risk of depression (=0 h: adjusted OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.18-3.76; 2-3 h: OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.16-4.16; > 3 h: OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.93-6.68) than the participants who spent 1-2 h on passive SBs. The participants who spent > 1 h on mentally active SBs had a lower risk of depression (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.06-0.71) than the participants who did not engage in mentally active SBs. Not all mentally active SBs were linked to depression. The participants who engaged in social SBs had a lower risk of depression (adjusted OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.66) than the participants who did not engage in social SBs. CONCLUSIONS: Spending 2 h or more per day on passive SBs (watching TV) was associated with a high risk of depression among people aged 60 years and older in the Hebei Province of China. Mentally active SBs (predominantly social SBs) could reduce the risk of depression. Some participants with depression probably did not watch TV. These findings suggested that spending more time on social SBs (such as communicating with others and playing chess) rather than watching TV may have important public health implications for preventing and managing depression among older Chinese adults. Moreover, society should attend to the mental health of elderly adults who do not watch TV as they may be more prone to suffer from depressive symptoms.
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Depressão , Comportamento Sedentário , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , TelevisãoRESUMO
Substitution of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts with efficient carbon-based ones for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) still remains a huge challenge. For practical ORR applications it is significant to design robust 3D network nanostructures in that they do not require polymer binders. For conventional powder catalysts, they must be combined with substrate, leading to their shedding and degradation. In this work, vertically-aligned N-doped carbon nanowalls/diamond (N-CNWs/D) films are synthesized by means of a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique, where nitrogen doping is conducted during the growth process and a subsequent facile annealing treatment under Ar atmosphere. The obtained Ar treated N-CNWs/D film exhibits an ORR onset potential of 835 mV (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) in 0.1 mol l-1KOH solution in a four-electron reaction pathway. It also displays excellent tolerance toward methanol crossover and long-term stability (e.g. a current density loss of only 10% even after 16 h measurement). The boosting ORR performance can be attributed to the activated pyridinic N dopant at abundant edge sites and enlarged electrochemical surface areas of N-CNWs/D films. This work not only develops a controllable strategy to fabricate binder-free carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts, but also paves a way to in-depth understand actual active sites in terms of ORR pathway mechanisms.
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In order to enrich the transcriptome data of Fagopyrum dibotrys plants, analyze the genes encoding key enzyme involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and mine their functional genes, in this study, we performed RNA sequencing analysis for the rhizomes, roots, flowers, leaves and stems of F. dibotrys on the BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform. After de novo assembly of transcripts, a total of 205 619 unigenes were generated and 132 372 unigenes were obtained and annotated into seven public databases, of which, 81 327 unigenes were mapped to the GO database and most of the unigenes were annotated in cellular process, biological regulation, binding and catalytic activity. Besides, 86 922 unigenes were enriched in 136 pathways using KEGG database' and we identified 82 unigenes that encodes key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Comparing rhizome with root, flower, leaf or stem in F. dibotrys, 27 962 co-expressed differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were obtained. Among them, 23 515 DEGs of rhizome tissue-specific were enriched into 132 pathways and 13 unigenes were significantly enriched in biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol. In addition, we also identified 3 427 unigenes encoding 60 transcription factor(TFs) families as well as four unigenes encoding bHLH TFs were enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis. Our results greatly enriched the transcriptome database of plants, provided a reference for the analysis of key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants, and will facilitate the study of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in F. dibotrys at the genetic level.
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Fagopyrum , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Flavonoides , Flores , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Humanos , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMO
Superoxide anion radical scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor play an important role in the treatment of several relevant human diseases. In the present study, ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled to microplate reader was applied to screen and identify superoxide anion radical scavengers and xanthine oxidase inhibitors from total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba leaves. As a result, four compounds (quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) were screened as xanthine oxidase inhibitors by ultrafiltration LC-MS, and the 50% scavenging concentration values of the screened flavonoids were lower than those for allopurinol. Lineweaver-Burk plot results indicated that kaempferol was a competitive xanthine oxidase inhibitor; the other flavonoids were all anticompetitive inhibitors. Four flavonoids-rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin-were screened as superoxide anion radical scavengers by LC-MS. The results demonstrate that the method for screening and evaluation of superoxide anion radical scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor from a complex mixture system is feasible and efficient.
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Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Ginkgo biloba/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , UltrafiltraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common neoplasm affecting reproductive-age women. The purpose of the present study is to explore the association between dietary diversity and risk of UFs in a cross-sectional study of urban premenopausal women. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 248 urban premenopausal women with age of 20-45 were recruited in 3 randomly chosen hospitals in Shijiazhuang, China. Dietary diversity was assessed from food frequency intake data using dietary diversity score (DDS), Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and food variety score (FVS). UFs were diagnosed by the methods of ultrasound, pelvic exam, or surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between dietary diversity and risk of UFs. RESULTS: 37 of the study subjects (14.9%) had UFs. Participants with a low education level and single marital status participants had a lower DDS and PDQS, respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, a higher DDS 24 was associated with decreased UF risk (OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.05-1.01). Similar trends were observed for the plantbased FVS (ptrend=0.025). Carrot (OR=0.04, 95% CI=0.00-0.48) and kiwi fruit (OR=0.03, 95% CI=0.00-0.47) were also inversely associated with risk of UFs after adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Multifarious food groups and the increase of variety of plant-based food, especially carrot and kiwi fruit, may be associated with the lower risk of UFs; they may play an important role in inhibiting the formation of UFs.
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Leiomioma , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Feminino , Alimentos , Humanos , Leiomioma/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A duplex nanocrystalline coating was prepared in this study by magnetron sputtering on N5 single-crystal super alloy (Ni: Bal, Co: 7.5, Cr: 7.0, Al: 6.2, Ta: 6.5, Re: 3.0, Mo: 1.5 and W: 5.0, wt%). The novel nanocrystalline coating consists of two layers, the inner layer having the same composition with the alloy substrate for avoiding elements inter diffusion while the outer layer has 7.6 wt% higher Al to quickly ensure the formation of a protective Al2O3 layer. Both two layers were deposited within one magnetron sputtering apparatus that contained two targets. The main target was having the same alloy substrate in composition and secondary target with pure Al. The difference in Al content between the two layers was achieved by controlling the secondary target during sputtering. This study revealed a way for preparing a series of similar coatings with varying compositions and improving performance. After oxidation at 1050 °C, a protective Al2O3 layer was quickly formed on the duplex nanocrystalline coating and no TCP phases were detected in the alloy substrate.
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To explore the activity of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi (AAEO) in inducing the apoptosis of Candida albicans SC5314. The effect of AAEO on reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondria membrane potential(MMP) of C. albicans SC5314 was detected by flow cytometry. Phosphatidylserine externalization was observed under fluorescence microscopic with Annexin-V/PI staining at the early stage of apoptosis in C. albicans. Metacaspase activity was observed under fluorescence microscopic with FITC-VAD-FMK staining at the early stage of apoptosis in C. albicans. C. albicans morphology was observed by DAPI nuclear staining and fluorescence microscopy. After intervention with 0.5 mLâ¢L⻹ AAEO, apoptosis of C. albicans significantly increased, metacaspase activity increased, nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation, and intracellular ROS were significantly increased, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly. The certain concentrations of AAEO could induce the apoptosis of C. albicans.
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Apoptose , Artemisia/química , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial , Fosfatidilserinas/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Axillary lymph nodes are the most common and initial site of metastasis of breast carcinoma. Precise axillary staging of breast carcinoma before initial treatment is crucial as it allows efficient identification for local and systemic treatment options, and provides prognostic information. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate minimally invasive technology for axillary staging. Although top evidence of high-quality clinical trials showed that SLNB could safely and effectively replace axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for axillary negative patients with decrease in complications and improvement in quality of life, there are specific indications and contraindications for SLNB. Clinicians should balance the compliance of guideline and native clinical practice, especially for the circumstance of multifocal/multicentric lesion, breast biopsy history, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. With the accumulation of clinical practice and new results of clinical trials, axillary therapy has changed from unique surgery to patient-tailored multi-disciplinary intervention, although ALND should be recommended traditionally if SLNB is positive. Intensive and accurate preoperative axillary staging is gradually valued by clinicians. Development of imaging modality especially ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided biopsy can identify some extra lymph node positive patients directly to ALND with avoidance of unnecessary SLNB. Thus, the positive rate of SLNB will decline significantly. It seems possible that axillary management will step into a noninvasive era abandoning SLNB in some patients with small breast cancer. In this article we review the prospect and guideline update of SLNB for patients with early-stage breast cancer.
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Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Axila , Feminino , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
The theory of Huatuo Jiaji (EX-B 2) is the representative of the knowledge construction of ancient anatomy, reflecting the academic thought of Huatuo's school. Through deeply analyzing the classic theory of acupuncture and its cultural and historical materials, it is believed that the five-body constituents are the structural basis of Huatuo Jiaji (EX-B 2), qi and blood are the material one, while biaoben (the sites where meridian qi gathers and diffuses) and qijie (the common pathways through which meridian qi gathers) indicate its functions. Huatuo Jiaji (EX-B 2) reveals the rules of the transverse distribution of meridian points and the relevant indications, providing the theoretic foundation for acupuncture treatment. It highlights the importance of the anatomical knowledge in acupuncture effect and proposes a new idea for establishing an effective classification system of meridian points.
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Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Medicina na Literatura , Meridianos , Humanos , História Antiga , Terapia por Acupuntura/história , China , Acupuntura/história , Acupuntura/educaçãoRESUMO
Background: Exercise intervention is a method of improving and preventing frailty in old age through physical exercise and physical activity. It has a positive impact on many chronic diseases and health risk factors, in particular cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, osteoporosis, mental health problems and cancer prevention, and exercise therapies can also fight inflammation, increase muscle strength and flexibility, improve immune function, and enhance overall health. This study was aimed to analyze research hotspots and frontiers in exercise therapies for frailty through bibliometric methods. Methods: In this study, data of publications from 1st January 2003 to 31st August 2023 were gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed the hotspots and frontiers of frailty research in terms of remarkable countries/regions, institutions, cited references, authors, cited journals, burst keywords, and high-frequency keywords using CiteSpace 6.2.R3 software. The PRISMA reporting guidelines were used for this study. Results: A collection of 7,093 publications was obtained, showing an increasing trend each year. BMC Geriatrics led in publications, while Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences dominated in citations. The United States led in centrality and publications, with the University of Pittsburgh as the most productive institution. Leocadio R had the highest publication ranking, while Fried Lp ranked first among cited authors. Keywords in the domain of exercise therapies for frailty are "frailty," "older adult," "physical activity," "exercise," and "mortality," with "sarcopenia" exhibiting the greatest centrality. The keywords formed 19 clusters, namely "#0 older persons," "#1 mortality," "#2 muscle strength," "#3 bone mineral density," "#4 muscle mass," "#5 older adults," "#6 older people," "#7 women's health," "#8 frail elderly," "#9 heart failure," "#10 geriatric assessment," "#11 comprehensive geriatric assessment," "#12 outcm," "#13 alzheimers disease," "#14 quality of life," "#15 health care," "#16 oxidative stress," "#17 physical activity," and "#18 protein." Conclusion: This study presents the latest developments and trends in research on frailty exercise intervention treatments over the past 20 years using CiteSpace visualization software. Through systematic analyses, partners, research hotspots and cutting-edge directions were revealed, providing a guiding basis for future research.
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OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan"(PC6) on cardiac function, cardiac morphology and transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) protein expressions in myocardial tissue of mice with myocardial hypertrophy, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of myocardial hypertrophy. METHODS: Forty-five male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, model and EA groups (15 mice/group). The myocardial hypertrophy model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride (15 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 14 days. The mice of the control group received subcutaneous injection of same amount of normal saline. The mice of the EA group received EA stimulation (frequency of 2 Hz, intensity of 1 mA) of bilateral PC6 for 20 min each time, once a day for 14 consecutive days. After the intervention, the body weight, tibia length and heart weight were measured. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening index (FS), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVEV), left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter (LVID) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) were measured by using echocardiography for evaluating the cardiac function. The mean number and surface area of myocardial cells was detected by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining, and changes of the cardiac morphology were observed under light microscopy after HE staining. The expression levels of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 (TRPC1/3/4/6) in the myocardial tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, separately. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the heart-body weight ratio(P<0.05) and heart-weight-to-tibia-length ratio (P<0.01), LVEV and LVID levels, the relative surface area, left ventricular area ratio, and the expression levels of cardiac TRPC1/3/4/6 were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the EF, FS, LVPW, number of cardiomyocytes, and the left ventricular posterior wall ratio were obviously decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the heart/body weight ratio, heart-weight-to-tibia-length ratio, LVEV and LVID levels, relative surface area, left ventricular area ratio, and the expression levels of cardiac TRPC1/3/4/6 were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the EF, FS, LVPW, number of cardiomyocytes and left ventricular posterior wall ratio were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the EA group. H.E. staining showed disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes and obvious myocardial interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group, and evident reduction of degree of cardiac fibrosis and interstitial edema in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: EA of PC6 can improve the cardiac function and cardiac morphology in mice with myocardial hypertrophy, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating the expression of transient receptor potential channels.
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Eletroacupuntura , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Miocárdio , Animais , Camundongos , Masculino , Humanos , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório/metabolismo , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório/genética , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/terapia , Cardiomegalia/genética , Cardiomegalia/fisiopatologia , Pontos de Acupuntura , Canais de Cátion TRPC/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPC/genéticaRESUMO
Methamphetamine abuse has been associated with central nervous system damage, contributing to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment. With the escalating prevalence of METH abuse, there is a pressing need to explore effective therapeutic interventions. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate whether betaine can protect against depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by METH. Following intraperitoneal injections of METH in mice, varying doses of betaine were administered. Subsequently, the behavioral responses of mice and the impact of betaine intervention on METH-induced neural damage, synaptic plasticity, microglial activation, and NLRP3 inflammatory pathway activation were assessed. Administration 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of betaine ameliorated METH-induced depressive-like behaviors in the open field test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and sucrose preference test and cognitive impairment in the novel object recognition test and Barnes maze test. Moreover, betaine exerted protective effects against METH-induced neural damage and reversed the reduced synaptic plasticity, including the decline in dendritic spine density, as well as alterations in the expression of hippocampal PSD95 and Synapsin-1. Additionally, betaine treatment suppressed hippocampal microglial activation induced by METH. Likewise, it also inhibited the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and reduced IL-1ß and TNF-α release. These results collectively suggest that betaine's significant role in mitigating depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment resulting from METH abuse, presenting potential applications in the prevention and treatment of substance addiction.
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BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) is one of the most frequent therapy-related adverse events observed in breast cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy. Although the characteristics of CIA have been studied in Western countries, little is known about CIA in Asian. We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the characteristics and influencing factors of CIA and its association with menopause in Chinese women who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. METHODS: Seventy-three premenopausal women who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage (stages I to III) breast cancer were analyzed. Patient clinical characteristics, treatment regimes, menstrual information, and serum hormone values were collected retrospectively. Characteristic factors relevant to the onset of CIA and menopause were also estimated. RESULTS: Approximately 83.6% of patients developed CIA. Older patients (>40 years old) had higher CIA incidence compared with younger patients (P <0.0001). The onset of menopause was correlated with age (P <0.0001) and tamoxifen use (P = 0.0313). On the basis of the Kaplan-Meier analysis, a significant difference was observed in the time of onset of permanent amenorrhea as determined by menstrual history and hormone levels (P = 0.0028). In women aged 46 to 49 years, the beginning of permanent amenorrhea was detected earlier via the clinical method than via the hormonal method (2 months versus 23 months, P <0.0001). In the analysis of patients ≥50 years old, the median time to detection of permanent amenorrhea was 19 months in the hormonal test and 2 months in the clinical test (P = 0.0112). CONCLUSIONS: Age at diagnosis is a predictor of the onset of amenorrhea and transformation into menopause among premenopausal breast cancer patients. Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy substantially affects the onset of menopause. A delay of the onset of serum hormone postmenopausal status was observed compared with clinical symptoms. This interval was approximately 21 months in patients aged 46 to 49 years and 17 months in patients aged over 50 years. This interval is significant in the clinical estimate of the menstrual status.
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Amenorreia/induzido quimicamente , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/efeitos adversos , Hormônios/sangue , Menstruação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamoxifeno/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Menstruação/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Função Ovariana , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is playing an increasingly important role in cancer therapy. Primary synovial sarcomas of the chest wall are extremely rare. We report the first case of noninvasive HIFU therapy for the control of synovial sarcoma. A 51-year-old man was diagnosed with spindle cell sarcoma on the left chest wall through lumpectomy. After four cycles of chemotherapy, local recurrence of the sarcoma was detected. Subsequent extended resection confirmed synovial sarcoma. After five cycles of a new chemotherapy option, the sarcoma relapsed again. Then the patient received five courses of HIFU; this completely ablated the sarcoma without complications. No chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or biological therapy has been applied since. Now the patient is stable and has a high quality of life.
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Ablação por Ultrassom Focalizado de Alta Intensidade , Sarcoma Sinovial/terapia , Neoplasias Torácicas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , PrognósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare pancreatic tumors, with a low potential for malignancy. The clinical and pathological features of 33 SPNs were reviewed. METHODS: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 33 patients who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPN from 2000 to 2011. RESULTS: Thirty of the 33 patients (91 %) were female, and the median age at diagnosis was 29.2 years (range 12-59). The most common symptom was abdominal discomfort with dull pain (58 %). Others included asymptomatic lesions that were only detected incidentally during imaging (21 %), a palpable abdominal mass (15 %) and indigestion (6 %). All 33 patients underwent surgery with a curative intent and 3 (9 %) underwent laparoscopic surgery. The mean diameter of the tumors was 4.9 cm (range 2-15 cm), and they occurred in the head (9, 27 %), neck (5, 15 %), body or tail (19, 58 %) of the pancreas. One patient had lymph node metastases, one patient had portal venous invasion and 8 patients had perineural invasion. The patient follow-up ranged from 4 to 118 months, and 32 patients were alive and well without recurrence. One patient relapsed 10 months after distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and underwent a second surgery via laparotomy. Unfortunately, the patient died of multiple organ failure 12 days after the second surgery. CONCLUSION: SPNs are rare neoplasms with malignant potential but excellent prognosis. Adequate surgical resection, including laparoscopic surgery, may therefore be performed safely and is associated with a long-term survival, even in invasive cases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Complexas Mistas/diagnóstico , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Laparoscopia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Complexas Mistas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Complexas Mistas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Complexas Mistas/cirurgia , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) acts as a critical integrating center of endocrine/autonomic responses and regulates visceral functional activities. However, its involvement in electroacupuncture (EA) treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) remains unclear. METHODS: Over four experiments, we randomized 111 rats into: control, untreated model (CGN) or EA-treated model (CGN + EA) groups, a model group receiving EA after PVN damage (CGN + EA + Lesion) or untreated model groups injected with adeno-associated viral vectors encoding human M4 muscarinic receptor (CGN + hM4D) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (CGN + EGFP). CGN was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of bovine serum albumin for 2 weeks. Rats in the CGN + EA and CGN + EA + Lesion groups received EA at bilateral ST36 and KI3 for 14 days. Urine/serum samples were collected to evaluate inflammatory factors and changes in renal function. RESULTS: EA inhibited the release of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1ß, and decreased urine protein (PRO), creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. PVN damage influenced the effect of EA on the levels of these parameters. EA appeared to inhibit the firing frequency and spectral energy of PVN neurons. In the viral vector experiment, levels of PRO, Cre, IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α in the CGN group were increased in CGN versus control groups (p < 0.0001), decreased in CGN + hM4D versus CGN groups (p < 0.05) and did not differ between CGN + EGFP and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that EA at ST36 and KI3 improves CGN in this rat model by weakening the activity of PVN neurons, alleviating impairment of renal function impairment and restricting the release of inflammatory factors.