Comprehensive characterization of stemness-related lncRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer identified a novel prognostic signature related to treatment outcomes, immune landscape analysis and therapeutic guidance: a silico analysis with in vivo experiments.

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to play a crucial role in the growth, migration, recurrence, and drug resistance of tumor cells, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aims to investigate stemness-related lncRNAs (SRlncRNAs) as potential prognostic indicators for TNBC patients. METHODS: Utilizing RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information from the TCGA database, and employing Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) on TNBC mRNAsi sourced from an online database, stemness-related genes (SRGs) and SRlncRNAs were identified. A prognostic model was developed using univariate Cox and LASSO-Cox analysis based on SRlncRNAs. The performance of the model was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, ROC curves, and ROC-AUC. Additionally, the study delved into the underlying signaling pathways and immune status associated with the divergent prognoses of TNBC patients. RESULTS: The research identified a signature of six SRlncRNAs (AC245100.6, LINC02511, AC092431.1, FRGCA, EMSLR, and MIR193BHG) for TNBC. Risk scores derived from this signature were found to correlate with the abundance of plasma cells. Furthermore, the nominated chemotherapy drugs for TNBC exhibited considerable variability between different risk score groups. RT-qPCR validation confirmed abnormal expression patterns of these SRlncRNAs in TNBC stem cells, affirming the potential of the SRlncRNAs signature as a prognostic biomarker. CONCLUSION: The identified signature not only demonstrates predictive power in terms of patient outcomes but also provides insights into the underlying biology, signaling pathways, and immune status associated with TNBC prognosis. The findings suggest the possibility of guiding personalized treatments, including immune checkpoint gene therapy and chemotherapy strategies, based on the risk scores derived from the SRlncRNA signature. Overall, this research contributes valuable knowledge towards advancing precision medicine in the context of TNBC.

Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Targeting miR-221-3p/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B Axis Regulates Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Cycle and Proliferation.

INTRODUCTION: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is more aggressive than the most common papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the current research on FTC is less than PTC. Here, we investigated the effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 and miR-221-3p in FTC. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect GAS5 and miR-221-3p expression in the FTC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 and EdU assays. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the cell cycle. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the binding relationship of GAS5/miR-221-3p and miR-221-3p/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B). Western blot was conducted to measure the protein level of CDKN2B. RESULTS: Our results displayed that GAS5 was downregulated, while miR-221-3p was upregulated in FTC tissues and cells. What's more, overexpression of GAS5 or miR-221-3p inhibition induced G0/G1 phase arrest and inhibited cell proliferation of FTC cells. GAS5 acted as a sponge of miR-221-3p, and CDKN2B was a target gene of miR-221-3p. Additionally, GAS5 inhibited cell cycle and proliferation of FTC cells via reducing miR-221-3p expression to enhance CDKN2B expression. CONCLUSION: GAS5 induced G0/G1 phase arrest and inhibited cell proliferation via targeting miR-221-3p/CDKN2B axis in FTC. Thus, GAS5 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of FTC.

[Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer 4 (StarD4) promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and its mechanism].

Oncogene StarD4 had the function of promoting proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its clinical value and molecular mechanism are unknown. This paper found that StarD4 was highly expressed in cancer tissues of TNBC patients, and higher expression level of StarD4 in TNBC patient resulted in poorer prognosis. Based on transcriptomics of MDA-MB-231 cell model, the results of bioinformatics analysis showed that down-regulated expression level of StarD4 led to overall downregulation of cholesterol-relative genes and significant enrichment of cancer mechanism and pathway. Further analysis and investigation verified that StarD4 might cross-promote the protein stability of receptor ITGA5 through the cholesterol pathway to enhance TNBC progression, which provides guidance for clinical application of TNBC diagnosis and treatment.

LncRNA XIST promotes chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by sponging miR-200c-3p to upregulate ANLN.

The resistance of breast cancer cells to drugs is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy. Here, we study the function mechanisms of long non-coding RNA XIST in chemoresistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin. We examined the 50% inhibitive concentration of doxorubicin to MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/ADM cells, showing that the doxorubicin resistance of MDA-MB-231/ADM cells was much higher than MDA-MB-231 cells. The gene or protein expression of XIST and ANLN were also higher in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells than that in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, XIST overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231 cells by promoting ANLN expression. XIST silencing inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231/ADM cells by inhibiting ANLN expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to repress miR-200c-3p, which controlled its downstream target ANLN. In conclusion, these data reveal that XIST promotes chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by sponging miR-200c-3p to upregulate ANLN. This work explores the relationship between lncRNA XIST and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells and highlights a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.

[Value of supraclavicular region radiotherapy on patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer after mastectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential clinical benefit on radiotherapy to supraclavicular region on patients pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer with after mastectomy.
 Methods: A total of 923 patients with pT1-2N1M0 treated by radiotherapy (RT) to chest wall plus supraclavicular region (supraclavicular RT group, SCRT) or RT to chest wall only (non-supraclavicular RT, NSCRT) were retrospectively analyzed. Supraclavicular fossae recurrence (SCFR) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The risk factors for SCFR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.
 Results: In the following-up period (medium time: 108 months; range from 6 to 179 months), the 5-year and 10-year SCFR in the NSCRT group and the SCRT group were 3.5% and 1.5% (P=0.052), 7% and 2.6% (P=0.001), and the 5-year and 10-year OS were 81.5% and 87.3% (P=0.023), 67.9% and 78.4% (P=0.001), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors associated with SCFR were age <35 years (P=0.016), T2 stage (P=0.018), 3 axillary lymph nodes (P=0.006), progesterone receptor negative (P=0.038), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (P=0.01). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that T2 stage and age<35, with 3 positive axillary lymph nodes were SCFR-independent prognostic factors. Analysis was conducted by grouping patients with any two of the three items as a high-risk group and patients without or with only one of the three conditions as a low-risk group. RT in the supraclavicular region significantly reduced the 10-year SCFR in the high-risk group (NSCRT, 30.2%; SCRT, 4.5%, P<0.001). However, this benefit was not obvious in the low-risk group (NSCRT, 4%; SCRT, 1.8%, P=0.063).
 Conclusion: RT in supraclavicular region should be recommended to pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients with two of the three items (<35 years, T2 stage diseases, and 3 axillary lymph node metastasis). High-risk patients need SCRT; whereas the low-risk patients do not need.

[p53 gene mutations of familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer in part population of southern China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the site and characteristic of p53 gene mutations in familial or early-onset breast cancer patients in part population of southern China.
 Methods: A total of 150 patients with familial and early-onset breast cancer in parts population of southern China were enrolled. Genomic DNA was isolated from each peripheral blood sample, and the entire coding sequence and exon and intron splicing region of p53 gene were amplificated by PCR in the 150 patients. The mutation analysis were detected by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis.
 Results: In the 150 patients with familial and early-onset breast cancer, 6 mutations including one novel pathogenic mutation 869_888 ins20 (insert mutation) and 5 previously reported pathogenic mutations (deletion mutation 643_660del18 and 4 missense mutation 91G>A, 215C>G, 537T>G, 743G>A) were identified in p53 gene encoding region in 9 patients of breast cancer. Moreover, one same sense mutation 141G>A in exon 4, one 16 bases deletion in intron 3, and 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms in p53 gene introns were also identified. The total mutation frequency of p53 gene in 150 patients with familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer from part population of southern China was 6.00%, and the mutation frequency of familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer was 6.81% and 6.25%, respectively.
 Conclusion: The total mutation frequency of p53 gene in 150 patients with familial breast cancer and early-onset breast cancer from partpopulation of southern China is higher than the frequency previously reported. The pathogenicity of the novel mutations (insert mutation) 869_888ins20 will be confirmed by function analysis in the future study. The deletion mutation 643_660del18 enriches the p53 gene mutation database among Chinese population, which is probably the specific mutation of breast cancer in Chinese population.

[Inhibition of cellular proliferation by knockdown of MARCH6 gene expression in breast cancer cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of MARCH6 gene knockdown on MCF-7 cell proliferation and cell cycle.
 Methods: 293T cells were transfected with MARCH6 shRNA lentivirus. Fluorescence microscope was used to observe and verify the transfection efficiency. The initial effect of the MARCH6 gene knockdown in MCF-7 cells was observed via fluorescence microscope. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of MARCH6. MTT and BrdU assay were used to examine cell proliferation, and staining flow cytometry was used to analyze cycle distribution of MCF-7 cells.
 Results: MARCH6 shRNA lentivirus was successfully transfected and about 80% of the cells expressed green fluorescent in comparison of the control. About 90% of the cells showed green fluorescence. The mRNA and protein in MCF-7 cells were transcription and expression of protein was significantly decreased after the transfection of MARCH6 shRNA lentivirus accompanied by a decrease in MCF-7 cell proliferation (P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the cell cycles were inhibited at the G1 phase and the proliferation index was significantly reduced.
 Conclusion: Knockdown of MARCH6 gene by RNA interference inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, suggesting that the expression of MARCH6 promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells through regulation of the cell cycle.

Knockdown of ANLN by lentivirus inhibits cell growth and migration in human breast cancer.

Anillin (ANLN), an actin-binding protein, is required for cytokinesis. Recently, ANLN has been identified as a biomarker in diverse human cancers; however, the precise role of ANLN in breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we firstly detected the expression of ANLN in 71 patients with breast cancer by immunohistochemistry, and found ANLN was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues. To evaluate the function of ANLN in breast cancer cells, we employed lentivirus-mediated RNA interference to knock down ANLN expression in two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, and ZR-75-30. Knockdown of ANLN remarkably inhibited the proliferation rate and colony formation ability of both breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that depletion of ANLN in MDA-MB-231 cells blocked the cell cycle progression, with more cells delayed at G2/M phase, due to phosphorylation of Cdc2 and suppression of Cyclin D1. Furthermore, knockdown of ANLN strongly suppressed the migration of breast cancer cells, strengthening the evidence that ANLN could be involved in breast cancer progression. Our results may suggest ANLN as a potential target candidate in breast cancer.

XRCC1 R399Q polymorphism and risk of normal tissue injury after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Radiotherapy is an important weapon in the treatment of breast cancer, but normal tissue injury after radiotherapy can be a threat for patients. Genetic markers conferring the ability to identify hyper-sensitive patients at risk of normal tissue injury in advance would considerably improve therapy. Association studies on genetic variation and occurrence of normal tissue injury can help us identify such markers, but previous studies on the association between XRCC1 R399Q polymorphism and risk of normal tissue injury after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients report conflicting findings. We performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the association between XRCC1 R399Q polymorphism and risk of normal tissue injury after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Fourteen case-control studies with a total of 2,448 breast cancer cases were finally included into the meta-analysis. Overall, XRCC1 R399Q polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of normal tissue injury after radiotherapy under all three models (for QQ versus RR: fixed-effects OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13, P = 0.050; for RQ versus RR: fixed-effects OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.10, P = 0.047; for QQ/RQ versus RR: fixed-effects OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.58, P = 0.041). The meta-analysis suggests that XRCC1 R399Q polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of normal tissue injury after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients, and XRCC1 R399Q polymorphism is a genetic marker of normal tissue injury after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of V2C MXene-Coupled ZnO Porous Nanosheets with Increased Surface Area and Effective Charge Transfer.

Photocatalysis performs excellently when degrading organic pollutants, but the photocatalytic degradation rate is not high for most photocatalysts due to their narrow sunlight adsorption range and high recombination rate of electron hole pairs. Herein, we use V2C-MXene with a wide sunlight adsorption range to couple ZnO porous nanosheets and form ZnO/MXene hybrids using a facile electrostatic self-assembly method. The ZnO/MXene hybrids acquired demonstrated improved photochemical efficiency in breaking down methylene blue (MB) when contrasted with porous ZnO nanosheets. The degradation rate of MB reached 99.8% under UV irradiation for 120 min after the ZnO/MXene hybrid formation, while 38.6% was attained by the ZnO porous nanosheets. Moreover, photodegradation rate constants (k) were calculated as 3.05 × 10-3 and 5.42 × 10-2 min-1 for ZnO porous nanosheets and ZnO/MXene hybrids, respectively, indicating that the photodegradation performance was enhanced by 17.8 times after the modification of V2C. This was probably because the modification of V2C can increase the specific surface area to provide more sites for MB adsorption, widen the sunlight adsorption range to produce good photothermal effect, and facilitate the transfer of photogenerated carriers in ZnO to promote the reaction of more photogenerated carriers with MB. Hence, this work offers a simple approach to creating effective photocatalysts for breaking down organic contaminants.

Comparative dosimetric study of h-IMRT and VMAT plans for breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.

AIM: To compare the dosimetric advantages and disadvantages between hybrid intensity-modulated radiation therapy (h-IMRT) and the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique in hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (HF-WBI) for early-stage breast cancer (BC). METHODS: The dose distribution of h-IMRT and VMAT plans was compared in 20 breast cancer patients. This comparison included evaluation of dosimetric parameters using dose volume histograms (DVHs) for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs). Additionally, the study examined the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), the second cancer complication probability (SCCP) and the tumor control probability (TCP) based on different models. RESULTS: Significant differences were detected between the two plans, in terms of Machine units (MUs), the control points, 95 % volume (V95 %), dose homogeneity index (DHI) and conformity index (CI). The endpoint of grade II radiation pneumonitis and cardiac death due to ischemic heart disease were assessed. In h-IMRT plan, the NTCP values were marginally lower for radiation pneumonitis and slightly higher for cardiac death compared to VMAT plan, as determined by the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model. The Schneider model was employed to predict the SCCP for both the bilateral lungs and contralateral breast, the results demonstrate that the h-IMRT plan outperforms the VMAT plan, with statistical significance. Additionally, the LQ-Poisson model was employed to forecast the TCP of the PTV, showing that the h-IMRT plan outperformed the VMAT plan (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The h-IMRT technique, offering superior dose coverage and better therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects as calculated by models, is more suitable for HF-WBI compared to the VMAT technique.

[Effect of CDK2-AP1 gene over-expression on proliferation and cell cycle regulation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7].

OBJECTIVE: To over-express cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2-AP1) gene, and investigate its effect on the proliferation and cell cycle regulation in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. METHODS: CDK2-AP1 gene coding region was cloned into lentivirus vector. Lentivirus particles were infected into MCF-7 cells to upregulate the expression of CDK2-AP1 gene. The expression level of CDK2-AP1 was detected at both mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blot. MTT assay, colony formatting assay, and flow cytometry were performed to detect the change of proliferation and cell cycle in MCF-7 cells. We examined the expression of cell cycle associated genes (CDK2, CDK4, P16Ink4A, and P21Cip1/Waf1) followed by CDK2-AP1 over-expression by Western blot. RESULTS: CDK2-AP1 gene was up-regulated significantly at both mRNA (6.94 folds) and protein level. MTT based growth curve, colony formatting assay and flow cytometry showed that CDK2-AP1 over-expression lentivirus inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells with statistical difference (P<0.05). In addition, with CDK2-AP1 over-expression, MCF-7 cells were arrested in G1 phase accompanied by apoptosis. Western blot showed that the expression level of P21Cip1/Waf1 and P16 Ink4A was upregulated, while the expression level of CDK2 and CDK4, members of the CDK family, was downregulated. CONCLUSION: CDK2-AP1 gene plays a cancer suppressor role in breast cancer. Its function includes inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and arresting the cell cycle in G1 phase.

Breast-conserving in centrally located breast cancer patients confirmed safe by SEER based study.

BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of high-level data, there is still controversy over the oncological safety of breast conservation in patients with centrally located breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the safety of breast-conserving surgery in patients with centrally located breast cancer based on the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: We collected data for all cases diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery from 2012-2014 in the SEER database. The primary outcome of our study was disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). The PSM was used to eliminate the effects of non-random statistics. Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model on univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Data from 79,214 patients who had undergone breast-conserving surgery were analyzed in this study, including those with breast cancer in the central region (n=3,128) and outside the central region (n=76,086). The DSS of central breast cancer patients and outside the central breast cancer patients was 58.1 months versus 58.0 months (P>0.05), respectively, while the OS of the 2 groups was 58.0 months versus 58.0 months (P>0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer in the central region should not be contraindicated for breast conserving surgery and breast-conserving surgery can benefit a wider range of patients.

Fatty acid oxidation fuels glioblastoma radioresistance with CD47-mediated immune evasion.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the top challenge to radiotherapy with only 25% one-year survival after diagnosis. Here, we reveal that co-enhancement of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) enzymes (CPT1A, CPT2 and ACAD9) and immune checkpoint CD47 is dominant in recurrent GBM patients with poor prognosis. A glycolysis-to-FAO metabolic rewiring is associated with CD47 anti-phagocytosis in radioresistant GBM cells and regrown GBM after radiation in syngeneic mice. Inhibition of FAO by CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir or CRISPR-generated CPT1A-/-, CPT2-/-, ACAD9-/- cells demonstrate that FAO-derived acetyl-CoA upregulates CD47 transcription via NF-κB/RelA acetylation. Blocking FAO impairs tumor growth and reduces CD47 anti-phagocytosis. Etomoxir combined with anti-CD47 antibody synergizes radiation control of regrown tumors with boosted macrophage phagocytosis. These results demonstrate that enhanced fat acid metabolism promotes aggressive growth of GBM with CD47-mediated immune evasion. The FAO-CD47 axis may be targeted to improve GBM control by eliminating the radioresistant phagocytosis-proofing tumor cells in GBM radioimmunotherapy.

[Efficacy and safety of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with temozolomide for glioma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ) for gliomas. METHODS: A total of 78 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma ( from September 2005 to March 2007) were postoperatively divided into 3 groups: a chemotherapy group (n=24), a radiotherapy group (n=25), and a comprehensive therapy group(n=29). The patients received temozolomide alone,3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy alone,3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with temozolomide in the chemotherapy group,the radiotherapy group and the comprehensive therapy group respectively. The survival rate, progression-free survival, overall survival time and adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: The 3-year survival rate in the comprehensive therapy group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. The 3-year survival rates were 20.83%, 20.00%, and 41.38% in the chemotherapy group, the radiotherapy group and the comprehensive therapy group respectively. The progression-free survival time was 17.68,17.94, and 23.29 months and the average overall survival time was 20.28, 21.54, and 25.75 months in the chemotherapy group, the radiotherapy group and the comprehensive therapy group, respectively.The adverse reactions were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with temozolomide is more effective for gliomas than the simple 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and the temozolomide chemotherapy alone.

Thermal Properties and the Prospects of Thermal Energy Storage of Mg-25%Cu-15%Zn Eutectic Alloy as Phase Change Material.

This study focuses on the characterization of eutectic alloy, Mg-25%Cu-15%Zn with a phase change temperature of 452.6 °C, as a phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage (TES). The phase composition, microstructure, phase change temperature and enthalpy of the alloy were investigated after 100, 200, 400 and 500 thermal cycles. The results indicate that no considerable phase transformation and structural change occurred, and only a small decrease in phase transition temperature and enthalpy appeared in the alloy after 500 thermal cycles, which implied that the Mg-25%Cu-15%Zn eutectic alloy had thermal reliability with respect to repeated thermal cycling, which can provide a theoretical basis for industrial application. Thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the alloy between room temperature and melting temperature were also determined. The thermophysical properties demonstrated that the Mg-25%Cu-15%Zn eutectic alloy can be considered a potential PCM for TES.

Fabrication, Structure, and Thermal Properties of Mg-Cu Alloys as High Temperature PCM for Thermal Energy Storage.

This work studied the thermophysical properties of Mg-24%Cu, Mg-31%Cu, and Mg-45%Cu (wt.%) alloys to comprehensively consider the possibility of using them as thermal energy storage (TES) phase change materials (PCMs) used at high temperatures. The microstructure, phase composition, phase change temperatures, and enthalpy of these alloys were investigated by an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The XRD and EPMA results indicated that the binary eutectic phase composed of α-Mg and Mg2Cu exists in the microstructure of the prepared Mg-Cu series alloys. The microstructure of Mg-24%Cu and Mg-31%Cu is composed of α-Mg matrix and binary eutectic phases, and Mg-45%Cu is composed of primary Mg2Cu and binary eutectic phases. The number of eutectic phases is largest in Mg-31%Cu alloy. The DSC curves indicated that the onset melting temperature of Mg-24%Cu, Mg-31%Cu, and Mg-45%Cu alloys were 485, 486, and 485 °C, and the melting enthalpies were 152, 215, and 91 J/g. Thermal expansion and thermal conductivity were also determined, revealing that the Mg-Cu alloys had a low linear thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity with respect to increasing temperatures. In conclusion, the thermal properties demonstrated that the Mg-Cu alloys can be considered as a potential PCM for TES.

ANLN Directly Interacts with RhoA to Promote Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy resistance is the leading cause of cancer treatment failure. This research was conducted to explore a potential link between actin-binding protein anillin (ANLN) and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared ANLN expression and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of doxorubicin in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and human breast cancer cells with doxorubicin resistance (MDA-MB-231/ADM). Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate the interaction between ANLN and RhoA. The cell viability, apoptosis, gene and protein expression were estimated by MTT, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS: The doxorubicin resistance in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells (IC50 = 19.40 ± 1.16 µg/mL) was significantly higher than that in MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 1.65 ± 0.23 µg/mL). ANLN was up-regulated in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, ANLN overexpression promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The gene and protein expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) and cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were enhanced by ANLN overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells. ANLN silencing suppressed cell viability and the expression of MDR1 and BCRP and facilitated apoptosis in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells. Moreover, ANLN promoted RhoA activation by interacting with RhoA. ANLN up-regulation enhanced cell viability and the expression of MDR1 and BCRP and decreased apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The influence conferred by ANLN overexpression was effectively abolished by C3 transferase. CONCLUSION: This work revealed that ANLN promoted doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells by activating RhoA. Thus, our study suggests a novel target for breast cancer treatment.

Radiation-Enhanced Expression of CCL22 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is Associated With CCR4+ CD8 T Cell Recruitment.

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy elicits profound alterations in gene expression in tumor cells. This study aims to determine the dynamic changes in the expression of immunity-associated genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells upon radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was performed using NPC patient-derived tumor xenograft tumors, cell lines, CCR4+ CD8 T cells sorted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers, and TCGA-derived bulk RNA-seq or single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data sets. Patient-derived tumor xenograft tumors or cell lines were irradiated and collected for bulk RNA sequencing or for CCL22 expression and release detection. Malignant phenotypes and radiosensitivity were assessed in cells with or without overexpression of CCL22 or recombinant CCL22 treatment in the presence or absence of irradiation. TCGA data sets were used for uncovering CCR4 status in subtypes of T cells. CCL22 in supernatants, cell lysates, or serum samples was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: CCL22 was significantly increased in the irradiated patient-derived tumor xenograft tumors, the supernatants and cell lysates collected from irradiated NPC cell lines, and the serum of patients who received radiation therapy. No alterations of malignant phenotypes were found in tumor cells with CCL22 overexpression or recombinant CCL22 treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that CCL22 or its receptor CCR4 positively correlated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte signatures, and high expression of CCL22 or CCR4 was associated with better prognosis for patients with NPC. scRNA-seq data set-based analysis demonstrated that CCR4 was expressed in multiple subtypes of T cells, including effector CD8 T cells. Chemotaxis assay indicated that CCR4+ CD8 T cells could be recruited by CCL22 treatment. CONCLUSION: The radiation-enhanced release of CCL22 from NPC cells promotes migration of CCR4 + effector CD8 T cells, which might partially be associated with radiation therapy-mediated antitumor immunity.

Comparison of Dosimetric Gains Provided by Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, Volume-Modulated Arc Therapy, and Helical Tomotherapy for High-Grade Glioma.

PURPOSE: Because of the poor prognosis for high-grade glioma (HGG) patients, it is important to increase the dose of the tumor to improve the efficacy while minimizing the dose of organs at risk (OARs). Thus, we evaluated the potential dosimetric gains of helical tomotherapy (HT) versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for high-grade glioma (HGG). METHODS: A total of 42 HGG patients were retrospectively selected who had undergone helical tomotherapy; then, IMRT and VMAT plans were generated and optimized for comparison after contouring crucial neuronal structures for neurogenesis and neurocognitive function. IMRT and VMAT were optimized with the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) (Version 11.0.31) and HT using TomoTherapy Hi-Art Software (Version 2.0.7) (Accuray, Madison, WI, USA). All three techniques were optimized for simultaneously delivering 60 Gy to planning target volume (PTV) 1 and 50-54 Gy to PTV2. We also analyzed the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of PTVs and organ at risk (OAR) sparing. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the PTV coverage among IMRT, VMAT, or HT. As for the HI, HT plans (PTV1 HI: 0.09 ± 0.03, PTV2 HI: 0.17 ± 0.05) had the best homogeneity when compared to IMRT plans (PTV1 HI: 0.10 ± 0.04, PTV2 HI: 0.18 ± 0.04) and VMAT plans (PTV1 HI: 0.11 ± 0.03, PTV2 HI: 0.20 ± 0.03). The CI value of HT (PTV1 CI: 0.98 ± 0.03, PTV2: 0.98 ± 0.05) was closest to the optimal value. Except for the IMRT and VMAT groups, there were statistically significant differences between the other two groups of the CI values in both PTV1 and PTV2. The other comparison values were statistically significant except for the optic nerve, and VMAT had the best sparing of the optic chiasm. The mean and max doses of OARs declined significantly in HT. CONCLUSIONS: For high-grade glioma patients, HT had superior outcomes in terms of PTV coverage and OAR sparing as compared with IMRT/VMAT.