RESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are proved to perform critical function in regulating cancer cell behavior. It is reported that LINC00324 promotes lung adenocarcinoma development by regulating miR-615-5p/AKT1 axis. This study aimed to demonstrate whether LINC00324 participates in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis through other molecular mechanism. Relative mRNA, lncRNA, and microRNA levels were analyzed using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to detect protein level. MTT assay shown proliferation ability and transwell assay shown invasive ability. Luciferase reporter assay illustrated the interaction between RNA molecules. In NSCLC, the high expression of LINC00324 had correlation with the poor prognosis. LINC00324 promoted the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells while miR-139-5p inhibited these behaviors. LINC00324 overexpression promoted insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression via absorbing miR-139-5p. The tumor-promoting effects of LINC00324 were attenuated through miR-139-5p overexpression. Highly expressed LINC00324 in NSCLC through sponged miR-139-5p to elevate IGF1R expression and promoted cell proliferation and invasion. This research demonstrated that LINC00324 is a potential NSCLC diagnosis and therapy target.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , RNA Longo não Codificante/biossíntese , RNA Neoplásico/biossíntese , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/biossíntese , Células A549 , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Neoplásico/genética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although posterior mediastinal (PM) route and retrosternal (RS) route have been used for reconstruction after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), the optimal route remains controversial. This study reviewed our experiences with McKeown MIEs for esophageal cancer and aimed to investigate which route was better for esophageal reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2011 to December 2013, 103 patients who underwent McKeown MIE and esophageal reconstruction by PM or RS routes were reviewed. The decision regarding which approach was appropriated mainly depended on the first surgeon's preference and experience. Baseline demographics, operative, and postoperative data of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-six and forty-seven patients receiving PM and RS route reconstruction were reviewed, respectively. Shorter operation time (P = 0.001), less blood loss (P = 0.029), and longer route length (P < 0.001) were observed in PM route compared with RS route. No difference was observed in the resection type, harvested lymph node, intensive care unit and hospital stay, postoperative complications, and in-hospital mortality between the two routes (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both RS route and PM route were safe and effective. PM route was associated with shorter operation time, less blood loss, but longer route length compared with RS route.
Assuntos
Esofagoplastia/métodos , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Esofagoplastia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
In response to external threatening signals, animals evolve a series of defensive behaviors that depend on heightened arousal. It is believed that arousal and defensive behaviors are coordinately regulated by specific neurocircuits in the central nervous system. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key structure located in the ventral midbrain of mice. The activity of VTA glutamatergic neurons has recently been shown to be closely related to sleep-wake behavior. However, the specific role of VTA glutamatergic neurons in sleep-wake regulation, associated physiological functions, and underlying neural circuits remain unclear. In the current study, using an optogenetic approach and synchronous polysomnographic recording, we demonstrated that selective activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons induced immediate transition from sleep to wakefulness and obviously increased the amount of wakefulness in mice. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons induced multiple defensive behaviors, including burrowing, fleeing, avoidance and hiding. Finally, viral-mediated anterograde activation revealed that projections from the VTA to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) mediated the wake- and defense-promoting effects of VTA glutamatergic neurons. Collectively, our results illustrate that the glutamatergic VTA is a key neural substrate regulating wakefulness and defensive behaviors that controls these behaviors through its projection into the CeA. We further discuss the possibility that the glutamatergic VTA-CeA pathway may be involved in psychiatric diseases featuring with excessive defense.
RESUMO
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has previously been proved to be involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake behavior. DRN contains several neuron types, such as 5-HTergic and GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neurons, which are the second largest cell subtype in the DRN, participate in a variety of neurophysiological functions. However, their role in sleep-wake regulation and the underlying neural circuitry remains unclear. Herein, we used fiber photometry and synchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyography (EMG) recording to demonstrate that DRN GABAergic neurons exhibit high activities during wakefulness and low activities during NREM sleep. Short-term optogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons reduced the latency of NREM-to-wake transition and increased the probability of wakefulness, while long-term optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly increased the amount of wakefulness. Chemogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons increased wakefulness for almost 2 h and maintained long-lasting arousal. In addition, inhibition of DRN GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics caused a reduction in the amount of wakefulness. Finally, similar to the effects of activating the soma of DRN GABAergic neurons, optogenetic stimulation of their terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced instant arousal and promoted wakefulness. Taken together, our results illustrated that DRN GABAergic neurons are vital to the induction and maintenance of wakefulness, which promote wakefulness through the GABAergic DRN-VTA pathway.
Assuntos
Núcleo Dorsal da Rafe , Área Tegmentar Ventral , Área Tegmentar Ventral/metabolismo , Vigília/fisiologia , Sono/fisiologia , Neurônios GABAérgicos/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify critical genes involved in the tumor biology of lung cancer via datamining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with special focus on gene copy number variation. METHODS: Genomic deletion and amplification were analyzed with cBioportal online tools. Relative expression of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) was analyzed by both real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The abundance of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were analyzed by real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 method and cell viability was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cell migration and invasion were measured with transwell chamber assay, and migrative capacity was further evaluated by wound healing assay. RESULTS: We found the frequent loss of CDKN2A was associated with its downregulation in lung cancer, and siRNA-mediated CDNKN2A knockdown significantly stimulated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Mechanistically, we unraveled that MTAP, which was positively correlated with CDKN2A, predominantly mediated the antitumoral function of CDKN2A in lung cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study consolidated the involvement of CDKN2A-MTAP signaling in the context of lung cancer.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Células A549 , Biomarcadores Tumorais/deficiência , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Cromossomos Humanos Par 9/genética , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/deficiência , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Purina-Núcleosídeo Fosforilase/metabolismoRESUMO
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide; however, only limited therapeutic treatments are available. The aim of present study was to elucidate the therapeutic effect of dietary restriction in human NSCLC xenografts. Adult female nude mice were injected subcutaneously in the right dorsal flank with NSCLC cell line A549 cells. 5 days after tumor implantation, animals were randomly divided into ad libitum-fed group (AL, 95% of average diary intake) or dietary-restriction-fed group (DR, 70% average diary intake). 24 days after implantation, it was found that DR inhibited tumor growth marked by lower tumor volume and weight. DR suppressed tumor proliferation marked by reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. DR decreased microvessel density marked by decreased CD31 immunostaining and promoted vessel maturation marked by increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and reduced Factor VIII expression. DR reduced intratumoral interstitial fluid pressure and attenuated tumor hypoxia detected by EF5 immunostaining. In addition, DR suppressed NFκB signaling pathway and downregulated its downstream proteins expression including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). DR suppressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, dietary restriction suppresses tumor growth, reduces angiogenesis, and improves tumor microenvironment in human non-small-cell lung cancer xenografts. Dietary restriction could thus be envisaged as a nutritional countermeasure against non-small-cell lung cancer.