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1.
PLoS One ; 17(2): e0262823, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35139103

RESUMO

Researchers, policy makers and science communicators have become increasingly been interested in factors that affect public's trust in science. Recently, one such potentially important driving factor has emerged, the COVID-19 pandemic. Have trust in science and other science-related beliefs changed in Germany from before to during the pandemic? To investigate this, we re-analyzed data from a set of representative surveys conducted in April, May, and November 2020, which were obtained as part of the German survey Science Barometer, and compared it to data from the last annual Science Barometer survey that took place before the pandemic, (in September 2019). Results indicate that German's trust in science increased substantially after the pandemic began and slightly declined in the months thereafter, still being higher in November 2020 than in September 2019. Moreover, trust was closely related to expectations about how politics should handle the pandemic. We also find that increases of trust were most pronounced among the higher-educated. But as the pandemic unfolded, decreases of trust were more likely among supporters of the populist right-wing party AfD. We discuss the sustainability of these dynamics as well as implications for science communication.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Confiança , Pesquisa Biomédica , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Comunicação , Alemanha , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Ciência , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 8: 639824, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34222360

RESUMO

Many small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) used to fight cancer have been associated with cardiotoxicity in the clinic. Therefore, preventing their failure in clinical development is a priority for preclinical discovery. Our study focused on the integration and concurrent measurement of ATP, apoptosis dynamics and functional cardiac indexes in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) to provide further insights into molecular determinants of compromised cardiac function. Ten out of the fourteen tested SMKIs resulted in a biologically relevant decrease in either beating rate or base impedance (cell number index), illustrating cardiotoxicity as one of the major safety liabilities of SMKIs, in particular of those involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a good correlation between the different read-outs of functional importance. Therefore, measurement of ATP concentrations and apoptosis in vitro could provide important insight into mechanisms of cardiotoxicity. Detailed investigation of the cellular signals facilitated multi-parameter evaluation allowing integrative assessment of cardiomyocyte behavior. The resulting correlation can be used as a tool to highlight changes in cardiac function and potentially to categorize drugs based on their mechanisms of action.

3.
Public Underst Sci ; 30(1): 91-102, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32924865

RESUMO

Several meta-analytical attempts to reproduce results of empirical research have failed in recent years, prompting scholars and news media to diagnose a "replication crisis" and voice concerns about science losing public credibility. Others, in contrast, hoped replication efforts could improve public confidence in science. Yet nationally representative evidence backing these concerns or hopes is scarce. We provide such evidence, conducting a secondary analysis of the German "Science Barometer" ("Wissenschaftsbarometer") survey. We find that most Germans are not aware of the "replication crisis." In addition, most interpret replication efforts as indicative of scientific quality control and science's self-correcting nature. However, supporters of the populist right-wing party AfD tend to believe that the "crisis" shows one cannot trust science, perhaps using it as an argument to discredit science. But for the majority of Germans, hopes about reputational benefits of the "replication crisis" for science seem more justified than concerns about detrimental effects.


Assuntos
Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Confiança , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Mol Cell Endocrinol ; 441: 164-175, 2017 02 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27585489

RESUMO

As certain strains of mice age, hyperplastic lesions resembling gonadal tissue accumulate beneath the adrenal capsule. Gonadectomy (GDX) accelerates this heterotopic differentiation, resulting in the formation of wedge-shaped adrenocortical neoplasms that produce sex steroids. Stem/progenitor cells that reside in the adrenal capsule and retain properties of the adrenogonadal primordium are thought to be the source of this heterotopic tissue. Here, we demonstrate that GLI1+ progenitors in the adrenal capsule give rise to gonadal-like cells that accumulate in the subcapsular region. A tamoxifen-inducible Cre driver (Gli1-creERT2) and two reporters (R26R-lacZ, R26R-confetti) were used to track the fate of GLI1+ cells in the adrenal glands of B6D2F2 mice, a strain that develops both GDX-induced adrenocortical neoplasms and age-dependent subcapsular cell hyperplasia. In gonadectomized B6D2F2 mice GLI1+ progenitors contributed to long-lived adrenal capsule cells and to adrenocortical neoplasms that expressed Gata4 and Foxl2, two prototypical gonadal markers. Pdgfra, a gene expressed in adrenocortical stromal cells, was upregulated in the GDX-induced neoplasms. In aged non-gonadectomized B6D2F2 mice GLI1+ progenitors gave rise to patches of subcapsular cell hyperplasia. Treatment with GANT61, a small-molecule GLI antagonist, attenuated the upregulation of gonadal-like markers (Gata4, Amhr2, Foxl2) in response to GDX. These findings support the premise that GLI1+ progenitor cells in the adrenal capsule of the adult mouse give rise to heterotopic tissue.


Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/citologia , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Coristoma/patologia , Gônadas/patologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Feminino , Gônadas/cirurgia , Integrases/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Esteroides/metabolismo
5.
Mol Cell Endocrinol ; 408: 165-77, 2015 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25498963

RESUMO

Cell fate decisions are integral to zonation and remodeling of the adrenal cortex. Animal models exhibiting ectopic differentiation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal cortex can shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating steroidogenic cell fate. In one such model, prepubertal gonadectomy (GDX) of mice triggers the formation of adrenocortical neoplasms that resemble luteinized ovarian stroma. Transcriptomic analysis and genome-wide DNA methylation mapping have identified genetic and epigenetic markers of GDX-induced adrenocortical neoplasia. Members of the GATA transcription factor family have emerged as key regulators of cell fate in this model. Expression of Gata4 is pivotal for the accumulation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal glands of gonadectomized mice, whereas expression of Gata6 limits the spontaneous and GDX-induced differentiation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal cortex. Additionally, Gata6 is essential for proper development of the adrenal X-zone, a layer analogous to the fetal zone of the human adrenal cortex. The relevance of these observations to developmental signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex, to other animal models of altered adrenocortical cell fate, and to human diseases is discussed.


Assuntos
Córtex Suprarrenal/citologia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Gônadas/citologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/patologia , Animais , Humanos
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