Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 32
Filtrar
1.
J Esthet Restor Dent ; 2024 Aug 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39165048

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the impact of acidic media on the surface characteristics of highly filled flowable resin-based composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-six specimens were divided into four groups: GUF (G-aenial Universal Flo), GUI (G-aenial Universal Injectable), TEF (Tetric EvoFlow), and FSF (Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative). Surface characteristics were analyzed before (T0) and after specimens immersion in different media, such as gastric juice (GJ), fizzy drink (FD), citric juice (CJ), or artificial saliva (AS), for 9 h (T1) and 18 h (T2). The analyses included surface roughness (SR) measurements, where average roughness (Ra) was obtained, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and surface hardness (SH) evaluation, with Vickers numbers (HV) reported. The differences in values among groups/subgroups within the same stage were assessed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, whereas repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to compare the changes in values through the stages. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). RESULTS: At T0, GUI and GUF revealed lower Ra values (p < 0.05), more evenness in SEM micrographs, and higher HV values (p < 0.05) than FSF and TEF. At T1 and T2, specimens of all groups/subgroups demonstrated an increase in Ra and a decrease in HV compared with T0 (p < 0.05), as well as the changes in surface morphology on SEM micrographs. The lowest Ra and highest HV values were observed in GUI group, in contrast to FSF group, and in specimens immersed in GJ. CONCLUSIONS: GUI revealed lower SR and higher SH compared to GUF and FSF both before and after exposure to acidic media. The presence of acidic media, especially GJ, significantly increases SR and decreases SH of tested materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Information on the changes in the surface characteristics of highly filled resin-based composites after exposure to acidic media may be essential for the longevity of restorations like composite veneers fabricated from these materials.

2.
Cells Tissues Organs ; 212(3): 203-214, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35605590

RESUMO

This study aimed to morphometrically examine the development of glomeruli and tubules in the kidney cortex of human foetuses at different gestational ages (GAs). We also investigated the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and apoptosis-related markers Bcl-2 and Bax during nephrogenesis using immunohistochemistry. Kidney samples from 38 human foetuses of both sexes with GA ranging from 13 to 40 weeks were analysed. The samples were divided into 7 groups based on GA, each corresponding to 1 lunar month. Foetal kidneys showed a spatiotemporal gradient of nephron differentiation with the transient stages of nephron anlage located in the nephrogenic zone and immature nephrons located in the subjacent maturation zone. In the inner cortex, nephrons establish the morphological characteristics of definitive nephrons. The average area, perimeter, and Feret's diameter of the glomeruli formed within the kidney cortex gradually decreased up to a period of 29-32 weeks of gestation and subsequently increased until a period of 37-40 weeks. There was a weak negative correlation with GA. In contrast, the areal density of glomeruli increased up to a period of 21-24 weeks and then gradually decreased until a period of 37-40 weeks, showing a moderate negative correlation with GA. The average area of renal tubules slightly decreased until a period of 21-24 weeks of gestation and then gradually increased until a period of 36-40 weeks, showing a moderate positive correlation with GA. The average areal density of renal tubules increased significantly until a period of 21-24 weeks of gestation, remained relatively constant until a period of 33-36 weeks, and then increased significantly at 36-40 weeks. There was a strong positive correlation with GA. Our results showed that Ki-67 was expressed in numerous cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, pretubular aggregates, renal vesicles, comma-shaped bodies, and early S-shaped bodies. During subsequent development and the spatial expansion of nephrons towards the mature zone, the expression of Ki-67 was markedly reduced. Similarly, Bcl-2 was strongly expressed in induced nephrogenic progenitor cells, pretubular aggregates, renal vesicles, and comma-shaped bodies. As vascularisation and maturation of the nephron proceeded, Bcl-2 staining became less intense and limited to the parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule and renal tubules. Weak Bax expression was observed in individual scattered cells within segments of the nephrons at all developmental stages. In the mature zone, more intense Bax staining was observed in the renal tubules.


Assuntos
Nefropatias , Rim , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Néfrons , Glomérulos Renais , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Feto , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo
3.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(3)2023 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36984490

RESUMO

Background and objectives: In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), heterogeneous expression of Mismatch repair (MMR) proteins can manifest itself in several different forms and is not such a rare phenomenon. Therefore, it is very important to recognize the nuclear expression of MMR proteins of different MMR status in order to avoid false positive or false negative results. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of heterogeneous expression of MMR proteins in patients with stages II and III of the disease as well as its association with clinical, demographic and pathological characteristics of CRC in relation to proficient and deficient expression of MMR proteins. Material and Methods: The study included 104 cases of colorectal cancer obtained from surgical colectomy material in stages II and III of the disease. Results: From a total of 104 patients with colorectal cancer, immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of all four MMR proteins showed that heterogeneous expression of MMR proteins (as well as deficient immunoreactivity of tumor cells) was present in 12 cases, while proficient expression of MMR proteins was detected in 80 tumors. Conclusions: Our study showed that the only independent predictors of the loss of MMR protein expression were younger patient age and right-sided anatomical location of the tumor. The study also established the existence of heterogeneous expression of MMR proteins in a non-negligible percentage of CRCs (11.5%), where heterogeneous nuclear expression of MMR proteins was described in several different forms.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Proteína 1 Homóloga a MutL/metabolismo
4.
Pharmacology ; 106(7-8): 400-408, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33975324

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Antioxidants such as lycopene (LCP) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) represent ideal molecules for the treatment of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated disorders. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent, causing an increase in ROS and DNA damage, with numerous side effects, which include lung toxicity. In the presents study, we evaluated and mutually compared the potential of LCP and CAPE in preventing cisplatin-induced rat lung damage. METHODS: The study was done using pathohistological analysis and a panel of biochemical parameters that reflect lung oxidative tissue damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. RESULTS: The obtained results suggest that cisplatin (10 mg/kg) causes significant disturbances in the lung tissue morphology, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidization and protein modification. Also, a pronounced inflammatory response and cell apoptosis cascade activation was noted. Both LCP and CAPE were able to mitigate the changes, to a different extent, in oxidative damage and apoptosis progression induced by cisplatin. However, they both had limited effect on inflammation since they only prevented an increase in myeloperoxidase activity but had not been able to prevent the NO generation. CONCLUSION: It is hard to be exact in saying whether LCP or CAPE is better in preventing cis-platin-induced lung damage since they obviously possess different mechanisms of action.


Assuntos
Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Licopeno/farmacologia , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
5.
Cell Immunol ; 351: 104096, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32199587

RESUMO

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet counts due to enhanced platelet clearance and compromised production. Traditionally, ITP was regarded a B cell mediated disorder as anti-platelet antibodies are detected in most patients. The very nature of self-antigens, evident processes of isotype switching and the affinity maturation of anti-platelet antibodies indicate that B cells in order to mount anti-platelet immune response require assistance of auto-reactive CD4+ T cells. For a long time, ITP pathogenesis has been exclusively reviewed through the prism of the disturbed balance between Th1 and Th2 subsets of CD4+ T cells, however, more recently new subsets of these cells have been described including Th17, Th9, Th22, T follicular helper and regulatory T cells. In this paper, we review the current understanding of the role and immunological mechanisms by which CD4+ T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of ITP.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Humanos , Fenótipo
6.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 56(12)2020 Dec 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33302424

RESUMO

Background and objectives: Deficient mismatch repair (MMR) status is associated with good prognosis but poor therapeutic response to adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. However, there are some opposed arguments considering therapeutic outcomes in patients with evidenced MMR deficiency in colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was the investigation of prognostic value and immunohistochemical analysis of the MMR-deficiency tumors. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 104 patients with resected stage II and III colorectal cancer samples from the period 2018-2019. Results: The tumors with deficient MMR status were significantly associated with age up to 50 years and right-sided localization (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period of 22.43 ± 6.66 months, 21 patients (20.2%) died, whereas 14 patients (13.5%) had relapses. The loss of mutL homologue 1/postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (MLH1/PMS2) expression, compared to proficient MMR tumors, was associated with shorter disease-free survival in patients with lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.05), perineural invasion (p < 0.01), stage III (p < 0.05) and high-grade tumor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective pilot study of a single-center cohort of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer highlights the clinical importance of using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis as a guide for diagnostic algorithm in a country with limited resources, but with a high prevalence of colorectal carcinoma in the young patients. MMR-deficiency tumors compared with proficient MMR colorectal cancer was not shown to be a significant predictor of disease-free and overall survival.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Humanos , Proteína 1 Homóloga a MutL/genética , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias , Projetos Piloto , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
J BUON ; 23(2): 353-360, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29745076

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determinate disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS) in HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received adjuvant trastuzumab at the University Clinic of Nis, Serbia, and to investigate the influence of clinicopathological and biological characteristics of the tumor on prognosis. The second aim was to determinate the most frequent cause for the treatment discontinuation, recurrence rate, as well as the site of most common localization of the first recurrence of disease. METHODS: This research was conducted as a retrospective study at the University Oncology Clinic, Clinical Centre in Nis. The study included 238 patients who were operated and treated for HER2-positive breast cancer between January 1st, 2007 to September 30th, 2012 and followed up until December 31st, 2016. Trastuzumab was administered concurrently with taxanes, if administered, or after the completed anthracycline-based chemotherapy. RESULTS: After a median follow up of 69 months the 5-year DFI was 65.9% and 5-year OS was 81.8% and, as expected, significantly longer in the group of patients with smaller tumors, a smaller number of positive axillary lymph nodes, as well as a lower stage of disease (p<0.0001). Patients older than 65 years had a longer DFI compared to the 45-65 and under 45 age groups of patients (p=0.01). No statistical significance was found in the length of DFI in relation to the histological tumor subtype, tumor grade, or the status of hormone receptors. Unlike DFI, a longer OS was recorded in the group of patients with lower tumor grade (p=0.03) and there was no statistically significant difference in survival regarding the age of patients (p=0.07). Recurrence occurred in approximately one third of the patients (38.23%), mostly in the form of local recurrence. Adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab was not completely carried out in 18.49% of the patients, the most common reason being the progression of disease. CONCLUSIONS: A long median follow up period of 69 months indicated that anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, after anthracycline-based chemotherapy or concurrently with taxanes, is efficient and safe in treating early breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Trastuzumab/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Prognóstico , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Taxoides/uso terapêutico
8.
Cell Immunol ; 296(2): 122-32, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25944389

RESUMO

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system, in which myelin specific CD4(+) T cells have a central role in orchestrating pathological events involved in disease pathogenesis. There is compelling evidence that Th1, Th9 and Th17 cells, separately or in cooperation, could mediate deleterious autoimmune response in MS. However, the phenotype differences between Th cell subpopulations initially employed in MS pathogenesis are mainly reflected in the different patterns of inflammation introduction, which results in the development of characteristic pathological features (blood-brain barrier disruption, demyelination and neurodegeneration), clinically presented with MS symptoms. Although, autoimmunity was traditionally seen as deleterious, some studies indicated that autoimmunity mediated by Th2 cells and T regulatory cells could be protective by nature. The concept of protective autoimmunity in MS pathogenesis is still poorly understood, but could be of great importance in better understanding of MS immunology and therefore, creating better therapeutic strategies.


Assuntos
Autoimunidade , Sistema Nervoso Central/imunologia , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/imunologia , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/imunologia , Barreira Hematoencefálica/patologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Bainha de Mielina/imunologia , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th1/patologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Células Th17/patologia , Células Th2/patologia
9.
J BUON ; 20(6): 1407-13, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26854434

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of clinicopathological and biological characteristics on prognosis, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), of very young patients (≤35 years of age) with breast cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively collected information of 150 women diagnosed with breast cancer, aged ≤35 years, who were operated and treated at two University Hospitals in Serbia between January 2009 and February 2011. RESULTS: After a median follow up of 44 months patients ≤30 had shorter DFS and OS compared to patients aged 31-35 years (p=0.004 and p=0.037, respectively). The differences in DFS and OS were significant with decreased survival associated with higher tumor grade (p=0.005 and p=0.0001, respectively). Tumor size and number of positive nodes were predictors of outcome with decreased survival associated with higher tumor size (p=0.0019 for DFS and p<0.0001 for OS) and increasing number of nodes (p<0.0001 for both). HER 2 receptor did not seem to have a prognostic influence while patients with hormonal receptors (HRs) positive tumors had a better DFS (p=0.034) and OS (p=0.046) than those with HRs negative tumors. In univariate survival analysis, a significant difference in DFS (p=0.0003) and OS (p=0.0003) was found between patients with vs without lymphovascular invasion (LVI). CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of breast cancer at very young age (<30) was associated with increased risk of death and shorter DFS than women aged 31-35. Negative impact on survival was seen in patients with presence of LVI, negative HRs and higher grade and stage at the time of presentation.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias
10.
J BUON ; 19(1): 83-90, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24659647

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical benefits of cetuximab (CTX) and the prognostic value of CTX-related skin toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. METHODS: Sixty patients were tested for KRAS mutation at the Department of Oncology, Clinical Centre Nis. We assessed 34 wild-type KRAS mCRC patients treated with CTX. All of them were refractory to prior fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based regimens. The maximum grade skin toxicity according to treatment cycle was analyzed. Skin toxicity was grouped into clinically non-relevant skin toxicity (grade 0-1: Group 1) and clinically relevant skin toxicity (grade 2-4: Group 2). RESULTS: Ten out of 33 patients (30.30%) achieved partial response (PR). Eight additional patients (24.24%) showed stable disease (SD), whereas 15 (45.45%) had disease progression (PD). No patient achieved complete response (CR). Overall response rate (ORR) was 30.30%, whereas the disease control rate (DCR) was 54.54%.The median progression free survival (PFS) was 14 weeks. Some degree of skin toxicity was observed in 79.41% (27/34) of the patients. Clinically non-relevant skin toxicity was observed in 50% (17/34), and clinically relevant in 50 % (17/34) of the patients. Grade 4 skin toxicity was documented in 1 patient. The mean PFS in Group 1 was 12.65±5.59 weeks and in Group 2 22.82±12.16 (p<0.05). The results showed that grade 2-4 skin toxicity was associated with significantly better response to treatment than skin toxicity grade 0-1, with regard to ORR (80.00 vs 20.00%; p<0.05) and DCR ( 66.66 vs 33.33%; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Cetuximab has clinical benefit when given alone or in combination with irinotecan in patients with irinotecan-refractory CRC. Skin toxicity was one of the predictors of response and it was in line with what was expected.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/patologia , Anormalidades da Pele/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Cetuximab , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Prognóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Anormalidades da Pele/induzido quimicamente , Proteínas ras/genética
11.
Arch Med Sci ; 20(3): 977-983, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39050161

RESUMO

Introduction: Cisplatin is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutics, which is known to cause both tumor and normal lung tissue damage through the generation of free radicals and cells apoptosis/necrosis. Melatonin is a neurohormone that regulates numerous physiological processes in the body both through receptor pathways and by maintaining tissue redox homeostasis. Material and methods: The extent of rat lung damage induced by cisplatin and the effects of melatonin on this process was determined based on the pathohistological changes and biochemical disturbances in tissue lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl modification and in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), caspase-3 and DNases. Results: Histopathological analysis of rat lung tissue obtained from animals that received cisplatin found them to be edematous, with significant deterioration of alveolar epithelium. These morphological changes are accompanied by a significant increase in all studied oxidative stress-related parameters, as well as with the activity of apoptosis-related enzymes. A five-day treatment with melatonin completely prevented a cisplatin-induced increase in oxidative stress-related parameters and in the activity of XO, caspase-3 and alkaline DNase. Also, the histopathological changes observed during microscopic analysis were much less pronounced than in the group that received cisplatin only. Conclusions: These results can potentially be connected with the ability of melatonin to inhibit the activity of XO, caspase-3 and alkaline DNase and/or its ability to scavenge free radicals, thus preventing lung damage induced by cisplatin.

12.
Oncol Res ; 32(8): 1309-1322, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39055889

RESUMO

Oncofertility is an extremely significant topic that is increasingly being discussed owing to increased evidence indicating that fertility preservation does not affect the treatment outcomes of patients with cancer but significantly contributes to preserving life quality. The effect of chemotherapy can range from minimal effects to complete ovarian atrophy. Limited data are available on the effects of monoclonal antibodies and targeted therapies on the ovaries and fertility. Temporary ovarian suppression by administering a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) during chemotherapy decreases the gonadotoxic effect of chemotherapy, thereby diminishing the chance of developing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). At present, the concomitant administration of GnRH analogs during chemotherapy is the only accepted pharmacological method for preserving ovarian function. Notably, most randomized studies on the effectiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy in preventing POI have been conducted in women with breast cancer, with a considerably small number of studies on patients with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, most randomized controlled trials on breast cancer have revealed a decrease in treatment-induced POI risk, regardless of the hormone receptor status. In addition, studies on hematological malignancies have yielded negative results; nevertheless, the findings must be interpreted with caution owing to numerous limitations. Current guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend sperm, oocyte, and embryo cryopreservation as a standard practice and only offering GnRHa to patients when proven fertility preservation methods are not feasible. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive literature overview on the application of ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy in patients with cancer by addressing preclinical and clinical data, as well as future perspectives in this field that upcoming research should focus on.


Assuntos
Preservação da Fertilidade , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina , Neoplasias , Ovário , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária , Humanos , Preservação da Fertilidade/métodos , Feminino , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/metabolismo , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/prevenção & controle , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Criopreservação/métodos
13.
Rev Neurosci ; 24(1): 71-88, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23152401

RESUMO

The previous understanding of multiple sclerosis was solely related to neuroinflammation and its harmful effects; however, countless data indicate the importance of some inflammation-independent, neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with mitochondria malfunction, iron deposition and oxidative stress. Recently, it has been postulated that glutamate excitotoxicity, a phenomenon that takes place when an excessive amount of glutamate overactivates its cellular receptors and induces cell death, could be a missing link between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes evident in multiple sclerosis. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, which has been proven to have a central role in a complex communication network established between all residential brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Thus, the disturbance of glutamate homeostasis could affect practically all physiological functions and interactions of brain cells, leading to heterogeneity of pathological events. The understanding of glutamate excitotoxicity as a valid mechanism of central nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis, requires the revision of the current knowledge about a source of elevated extracellular glutamate, glutamate receptor alterations, alterations of glutamate transporters and metabolizing enzymes, as well as molecular mechanism of excitotoxic damage.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Central , Ácido Glutâmico/toxicidade , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato/metabolismo
14.
Arch Iran Med ; 26(4): 226-228, 2023 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301083

RESUMO

Idiopathic true aneurysm of the distal radial artery is a rare disease with only few reported cases. Most patients were treated surgically with proximal and distal arterial ligatures, while there are reports of only 7 cases where revascularization procedures were performed. We present a case of a 66-year-old man with a pulsatile mass in the right forearm at the location of the radial artery. Six months preceding the presentation, the patient had first noticed a pulsatile tumefaction which gradually increased in size, with a sudden increase during the last month. The patient worked as a waiter and was a non-smoker with no significant comorbidities. There was no history of trauma, recent infection, hospitalization, recurrent injury, or peripheral venous cannulation. After CDT diagnosis, we performed resection of aneurysm and reconstruction with cephalic autovenous graft. One month afterwards, at the follow-up visit, the patient denied having symptoms of hand ischemia and duplex ultrasound examination showed adequate patency of the radial artery. This paper presents a rare case of a true idiopathic radial artery aneurysm that was treated surgically by complete resection and interposition with a reverse cephalic vein autovenous graft. Detailed anamnesis and clinical examination are necessary for the appropriate surgical treatment of the disease.


Assuntos
Aneurisma , Artéria Radial , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Artéria Radial/cirurgia , Artéria Radial/lesões , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma/cirurgia , Isquemia
15.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(3)2023 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36766991

RESUMO

Tooth preparation for a metal-ceramic crown with a subgingival finish line can lead to inflammatory changes in the gingival tissue, often accompanied by cell damage. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical signs of inflammation and the cytomorphological status of the gingival tissue before and after tooth preparation. The research included a homogeneous group of 19 patients with an indication for upper canine preparation. Before and after treatment, the gingival and the gingival bleeding indexes were determined, gingival swabs were taken, and direct smears prepared on slides for cytomorphometric analysis. The values of the measured gingival indexes were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001) after tooth preparation. They decreased over time, which indicated the reversibility of the resulting changes. Cytological examination showed no statistically significant difference between the values of nuclear area, perimeter, Feret diameter, Feret angle, integrated optical density, MinFeret, and roundness, before and after the treatment. Significantly higher values of circularity, integrated optical density, MinFeret (p < 0.05), as well as roundness (p < 0.001) were found after 72 h, compared to those taken 15 min after tooth crown preparation. This study is a pioneering attempt to show gingival changes during fixed prosthodontic treatment and may shed new light on pathogenetic events in prosthodontic patients.

16.
Int J Prosthodont ; 0(0)2023 Oct 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37824121

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to determine the values of 15 craniofacial linear distances in the Serbian ethnic group and the correlations between them that are predictive or can serve as proxy for OVD using and compare two methods of face-anthropometric and digital 2D face-photogrammetric measurement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 90 adults were selected. Facial distance as a tool to measure the OVD was Sn-Gn - distance between septum of the nose (Sn) and tip of the chin (Gn). Face-anthropometric measurements were made with a Boley Gauge (Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co.NY,USA). Digital 2D photogrammetric facial measurements were performed using the computer program DrCeph (FYI Technologies, USA). RESULTS: Determined mean value for the distance Sn-Gn by face-anthropometric was Sn-Gn(f) X=63.55 and by face-photogrammetric was Sn-Gn(ph) X=63.56. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Sn-Gn(f) depended on ExL-ExR(f) p<0.001, ZyL-ZyR(f) p=0.077, N-Sn(f) p=0.096, Sn-Sto(f) p=0.043 and gender and that Sn-Gn(ph) depended on ExL-ExR(ph) p<0.001, EnL-EnR(ph) p=0.029, N-Sn(ph) p=0.013, Sn-Sto(ph) p=0.001 and gender. CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of facial anthropometry and digital 2D facial photogrammetry reveals no statistical significance differences in the values obtained and shows that facial photogrammetry could be a reliable method as a facial anthropometry.

17.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 156: 113918, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36411611

RESUMO

In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of aminoguanidine in acute liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride-CCl4 at a dose of 1 mL/kg, i.p. was investigated in experimental rats. Ten days of preventive treatment with aminoguanidine before exposure to toxic CCl4, at a dose of 150 mg/kg, i.p., led to significant reduction in biochemical markers of acute liver injury-AST(p < 0.001), ALT (p < 0.01), SDH (p < 0.05) and reduction in pro-oxidative markers-H2O2 (p < 0.05), TOS (p < 0.01), TBARS, and LOOH (p < 0.001) in relation to rats treated only CCl4. Treatment with aminoguanidine resulted in a significant reduction in the consumption of antioxidant-GR (p < 0.01), GST, GPx, GSH (p < 0.001), and a decrease in pro-inflammatory-TNF-α (p < 0.01), IL-1ß, IL-6, NO and NGAL (p < 0.001) markers relative to animals exposed to CCl4 alone. Also, aminoguanidine pre-treatment leads to an increase in arginase activity (p < 0.001), and a decrease in citrulline concentration (p < 0.01), as well as polyamine catabolism enzyme activity-putrescin oxidase and spermine oxidase (p < 0.001) in comparison to the CCl4 group. Aminoguanidine led to a striking reduction of the necrotic field (p < 0.001), and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic hepatocytes (p < 0.001), as well as the proapoptotic markers-BAX and Caspase-3 (p < 0.05), compared to CCl4. The hepatoprotective mechanisms in CCl4 induce hepatotoxicity of aminoguanidine are based on the strong antioxidant effects, inhibition of pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as induction of damaged hepatocytes into apoptosis.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Ratos , Animais , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/metabolismo
18.
J Neurogastroenterol Motil ; 27(1): 127-133, 2021 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33380557

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are located within and around the digestive tract's muscle layers. They function as intestinal muscle pacemakers and aid in the modification of enteric neurotransmission. The appendix's unique position requires an appropriate contraction pattern of its muscular wall to adequately evacuate its contents. We investigated the development and distribution of nervous structures and ICC in the human fetal appendix. METHODS: Specimens were exposed to anti-c-kit (CD117) antibodies to investigate ICC differentiation. Enteric plexuses were examined using anti-neuron-specific enolase, and the differentiation of smooth muscle cells was studied with anti-desmin antibodies. RESULTS: During weeks 13-14, numerous myenteric plexus ganglia form an almost uninterrupted sequence throughout the body and apex of the appendix. Fewer ganglia were present at the submucosal border of the circular muscle layer and within this layer. A large number of ganglia appear within the circular and longitudinal muscle layers in a later fetal period. The first ICC subtypes noted were of the myenteric plexus and the submucous plexus. In the later fetal period, the number of intramuscular ICC markedly rises, and this subtype becomes predominant. CONCLUSIONS: The ICC and nervous structure distribution in the human fetal appendix are significantly different from all other parts of the small and large intestine. The organization of ICC and the enteric nervous system provides the basis for the specific contraction pattern of the muscular wall of the appendix.

19.
J BUON ; 24(2): 516-521, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31127999

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This article focuses on how the status of hormone receptors (HR) influences the efficacy of trastuzumab in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated with first-line trastuzumab in combination with taxane-based chemotherapy. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out at the Clinic for Oncology, Clinical Centre in Nis, from January 2015 to until June 2018. A total of 121 patients were treated with first-line trastuzumab in combination with taxane-based chemotherapy. None of the patients from the HR-positive group received hormonotherapy after completion of chemotherapy with trastuzumab. RESULTS: Clinical benefit rate was present in 76% of the patients, including partial response (PR) in 37%, stable disease (SD) in 38%, and complete response (CR) in almost 8% of the patients. Progressive disease (PD) occurred in almost a quarter of the patients, i.e. 24%. Progression-free survival (PFS) in the entire group of patients amounted to 9 months, whereas overall survival (OS) was 30 months. PFS in the HR-negative tumor group was significantly longer (13 months) compared to 8 months in the HR-positive tumor group (p<0.0001; HR 0.49;95% CI 0.31-0.69). Furthermore, OS was significantly longer in the HR-negative tumor group (34 months), compared to 26 months in the HR-positive tumor group (p=0.0073, HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.90). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a different response to anti-HER2 therapy in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) according to HR status, thus emphasizing that ER most likely represents an escape pathway for the response to anti-HER2 target therapy and vice versa. Combining hormonotherapy with anti-HER2 therapy surely represents a promising strategy which could help overcome resistance to trastuzumab and other anti-HER2 agents.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Trastuzumab/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/administração & dosagem , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Taxoides/efeitos adversos , Trastuzumab/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
J Neuroimmunol ; 323: 1-9, 2018 10 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30196820

RESUMO

Autoreactive, myelin-specific, CD4+ T cells have a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis; however the exact phenotype characteristics of these cells remain elusive. Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression has emerged as the main pathological signature of the encephalogenicity in both T and B cell compartment. In this review we have summarized the current data supporting GM-CSF relevance in MS pathophysiology, in the context of both immunomodulatory and neuroinflammatory processes; as well as the potential cellular sources of this stimulating factor, including different T and B cell subsets.


Assuntos
Autoimunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Autoimunidade/imunologia , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/imunologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/farmacologia , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA