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1.
Can J Anaesth ; 68(7): 1028-1037, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34041719

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often includes intrathecal opioids, periarticular injection (PAI) of local anesthetic, systemic multimodal analgesia, and/or peripheral nerve blockade. The adductor canal block (ACB) provides analgesia without muscle weakness and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) may extend its duration. The purpose of this trial was to compare the duration and quality of early post-TKA analgesia in patients receiving postoperative ACB (± MgSO4) in addition to standard care. METHODS: Elective TKA patients were randomized to: 1) sham ACB, 2) ropivacaine ACB, or 3) ropivacaine ACB with added MgSO4. All received spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine, intraoperative PAI, and multimodal systemic analgesia. Patients and assessors remained blinded to allocation. Anesthesiologists knew whether patients had received sham or ACB but were blinded to MgSO4. The primary outcome was time to first analgesic (via patient-controlled analgesia [PCA] with iv morphine) following ACB. Secondary outcomes were morphine consumption, side effects, visual analogue scale pain scores, satisfaction until 24 hr postoperatively, and length of stay. RESULTS: Of 130 patients, 121 were included. Nine were excluded post randomization: four were protocol violations, three did not meet inclusion criteria, and two had severe pain requiring open label blockade. There were no differences in the median [interquartile range] time to first PCA request: sham, 310 min [165-550]; ropivacaine ACB, 298 min [120-776]; and ropivacaine ACB with MgSO4, 270 min [113-780] (P = 0.96). Similarly, we detected no differences in resting pain, opioid consumption, length of stay, or associated side effects until 24 hr postoperatively. CONCLUSION: We found no analgesic benefit of a postoperative ACB, with or without added MgSO4, in TKA patients undergoing spinal anesthesia and receiving intrathecal morphine, an intraoperative PAI, and multimodal systemic analgesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02581683); registered 21 October 2015.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: L'analgésie postopératoire suivant une arthroplastie totale du genou (ATG) inclut souvent des opioïdes intrathécaux, une injection périarticulaire (IPA) d'anesthésique local, une analgésie multimodale systémique, et/ou des blocs des nerfs périphériques. Le bloc du canal des adducteurs (BCA) permet une analgésie sans faiblesse musculaire et le sulfate de magnésium (MgSO4) pourrait prolonger sa durée. L'objectif de cette étude était de comparer la durée et la qualité de l'analgésie post-ATG précoce chez les patients recevant un BCA postopératoire (± MgSO4) en plus des soins standard. MéTHODE: Des patients devant subir une ATG non urgente ont été randomisés à recevoir : 1) un BCA placebo (groupe témoin), 2) un BCA avec ropivacaïne, ou 3) un BCA avec ropivacaïne et MgSO4. Tous ont reçu une rachianesthésie avec morphine intrathécale, une IPA peropératoire, et une analgésie multimodale systémique. L'allocation a été faite à l'insu des patients et des évaluateurs. Les anesthésiologistes savaient si les patients avaient reçu un placebo ou un BCA, mais n'étaient pas informés de l'ajout ou non de MgSO4. Le critère d'évaluation principal était le temps jusqu'à la première prise d'analgésique (via une analgésie contrôlée par le patient [ACP] avec de la morphine iv) après le BCA. Les critères secondaires comprenaient la consommation de morphine, les effets secondaires, les scores de douleur sur l'échelle visuelle analogue, la satisfaction jusqu'à 24 heures postopératoires, et la durée de séjour. RéSULTATS: Sur 130 patients, 121 ont été inclus. Neuf ont été exclus après la randomisation : quatre l'ont été en raison de violations du protocole, trois ne répondaient pas aux critères d'inclusion, et deux ont ressenti des douleurs graves nécessitant un bloc sans insu. Aucune différence n'a été observée dans le temps médian [écart interquartile] jusqu'à la première demande d'ACP : placebo, 310 min [165-550]; BCA ropivacaïne, 298 min [120-776]; et BCA ropivacaïne avec MgSO4, 270 min [113-780] (P = 0,96). De la même manière, nous n'avons détecté aucune différence dans la douleur au repos, la consommation d'opioïdes, la durée de séjour, ou les effets secondaires associés jusqu'à 24 heures postopératoires. CONCLUSION: Nous n'avons trouvé aucun avantage analgésique à un BCA postopératoire, avec ou sans ajout de MgSO4, chez les patients subissant une ATG sous rachianesthésie et recevant de la morphine intrathécale, une IPA peropératoire, et une analgésie multimodale systémique. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'éTUDE: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02581683); enregistrée le 21 octobre 2015.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Bloqueio Nervoso , Analgésicos Opioides , Anestésicos Locais , Humanos , Sulfato de Magnésio , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle
2.
Dysphagia ; 26(2): 125-34, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20454806

RESUMO

In this study we explored the validity of clinician judgments of voice abnormalities as indicators of penetration-aspiration or other swallowing abnormalities. Voice samples were collected using a high-quality microphone from 40 adults during videofluoroscopy (VFSS), at baseline and following each of four thin liquid swallows. Blinded speech-language pathologists (SLPs) rated the audio recordings for voice quality using the GRBAS scale and the VFSS recordings for abnormal swallow onset, penetration-aspiration, airway closure, and pharyngeal residues. Acoustic measures of % jitter, % shimmer, and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated using two /a/ vowel segments spliced from each voice recording. Preswallow to postswallow measures of voice-quality change were derived and the data were compared to determine the correspondence between perceived voice abnormalities, acoustic voice parameters, and radiographically confirmed swallowing abnormalities. The sensitivity of perceived postswallow changes in voice quality to dysphagia and penetration-aspiration was poor, ranging from 8 to 29%. Specificity was stronger for both penetration-aspiration (75-94%) and dysphagia (59-86%). Acoustic measures of voice quality had moderate sensitivity and specificity for both dysphagia and penetration-aspiration. Overall, perceptual judgments of postswallow wet voice showed the strongest potential for detecting penetration-aspiration (relative risk = 3.24). We conclude that a clear postswallow voice quality provides reasonable evidence that penetration-aspiration and dysphagia are absent. However, observations of abnormal postswallow voice quality can be misleading and are not a valid indication that penetration-aspiration or dysphagia exists.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Gravação em Fita/métodos , Gravação em Vídeo/métodos , Qualidade da Voz/fisiologia , Algoritmos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Intervalos de Confiança , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/patologia , Feminino , Fluoroscopia/instrumentação , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatística como Assunto , Gravação em Fita/instrumentação , Gravação em Vídeo/instrumentação
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