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Given its exceptional theoretical energy density (over 2000 Wh kg-1), lithium||carbon fluoride (Li||CFx) battery has garnered global attention. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)-based electrolyte is regarded as one promising candidate for tremendously enhancing the energy density of Li||CFx battery, provided self-discharge challenges can be resolved. This study successfully achieves a low self-discharge (LSD) and desirable electrochemical performance in Li||CFx batteries at high temperatures by utilizing NMP as the solvent and incorporating additional ingredients, including vinylene carbonate additive, as well as the dual-salt systems formed by LiBF4 with three different Li salts, namely lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, and LiNO3. The experimental results unfold that the proposed methods not only minimize aluminum current collector corrosion, but also effectively passivate the Li metal anode. Among them, LiNO3 exhibits the most pronounced effect that achieves an energy density of ≈2400 Wh kg-1 at a current density of 10 mA g-1 at 30 °C, nearly 0% capacity-fade rate after 300 h of storage at 60 °C, and the capability to maintain a stable open-circuit voltage over 4000 h. This work provides a distinctive perspective on how to realize both high energy density and LSD rates at high temperature of Li||CFx battery.
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Instigated by olfactory analysis of odorant molecules, the constitutions of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins prepared by PIFA-based oxidative cyclizations of 3-arylpropionic acids were revised by means of 2D NMR and X-ray analysis. Supported by computational analysis, the migratory mechanism of intermediate spirolactonic cations has been amended: 1,2-alkyl shifts instead of 1,2-carboxylic shifts were selectively obtained.
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BACKGROUND: With long-term research on the reproductive ability of Qianbei Ma goat, we found that the puberty of the male goats comes at the age of 3 months and reaches sexual maturity at 4 months,the male goats are identified as physically mature at 9 months and able to mate. Compared with other kinds of breeds of goats, Qianbei Ma goat is featured with more faster growth and earlier sexual maturity.Therefore, in order to explore the laws of growth of Qianbei Ma goat before sexual maturity(3-month-old)and after sexual maturity (9-month-old). The testicular tissue was collected to explore their changes in morphology through HE staining, the serum was collected to detect the hormone content, and the mRNA expression profile of the testis was analyzed by transcriptomics. In this way, the effect of testicular development on the reproduction of Qianbei ma goats was further analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that the area and diameter of spermatogenic tubules were larger at 9 months than 3 months, and the number of spermatocytes, interstitial cells, spermatogonia and secondary spermatocytes in the lumen of the tubules showed a similar trend. The appearance of spermatozoa at age 3 months indicated that puberty had begun in Qianbei Ma goats. The Elasa test for testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone showed that the levels of these hormones in the serum at age 9 months were all highly significantly different than those at age 3 months (P < 0.01). There were 490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the (|log2(fold change)| > 1 and p value < 0.05) 3-month-old and 9-month-old groups, of which 233 genes were upregulated and 257 genes were downregulated (3 months of age was used as the control group and 9 months of age was used as the experimental group). According to the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs, PRSS58, ECM1, WFDC8 and LHCGR are involved in testicular development and androgen secretion, which contribute to the sexual maturation of Qianbei Ma goats. CONCLUSIONS: Potential biomarker genes and relevant pathways involved in the regulation of testicular development and spermatogenesis in Qianbei Ma goats were identified, providing a theoretical basis and data support for later studies on the influence of testicular development and spermatogenesis before and after sexual maturity in Qianbei Ma goats.
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Cabras , Transcriptoma , Masculino , Animais , Cabras/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Espermatogênese/genética , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , TestosteronaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the anti-apoptotic effects of curculigoside (CUR) on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF). METHOD: Intraperitoneal injection of CTX (100 mg/kg body weight) induced POF in mice. Thirty-six female mice were divided into six groups: blank group; POF model group; low-dose CUR group; medium-dose CUR group; high-dose CUR group; and estradiol benzoate group. Mice were orally administered for 28 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the completion of treatment, mice were weighed and euthanized, and blood was collected from the eyeball under anesthesia. The ovaries were surgically separated and weighed, and the ovarian index was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe follicular development and corpus luteum morphology in the ovaries. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ovarian tissue were determined. The GC apoptosis level was measured. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3, P62, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR in the ovaries. RESULTS: The results showed that CUR can improve body weight and ovarian index; promote follicular development and reduce follicular atresia; improve FSH, AMH and E2 levels; downregulate MDA levels and restore antioxidant enzyme activity; inhibit the autophagy level; activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; and alleviate GC apoptosis. CONCLUSION: CUR improves POF by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting autophagy and alleviating GC apoptosis.
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Apoptose , Ciclofosfamida , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glucosídeos , Células da Granulosa , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária , Animais , Feminino , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/sangue , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/patologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Hormônio Antimülleriano/sangue , BenzoatosRESUMO
A ratiometric assay was designed to improve the sensitivity and reliability of electrochemical immunosensors for deoxynivalenol (DON) detection. The indicator signal caused by the Fe-based metal-organic framework nanocomposites loaded with gold nanoparticles and the internal reference signal from the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- in the electrolyte came together at the immunosensor. When immunoreactivity occurred, the indicator signals decreased as the concentration of DON increased, while the internal reference signals increased slightly. The ratio of the indicator signal to the internal reference signal was available for reproducible and sensitive monitoring of DON. The prepared immunosensor showed excellent performance in the range from 0.5 to 5000 pg mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.0166 pg mL-1. The immunosensor achieved satisfactory detection toward DON in spiked and actual samples and has a promising application in the control of DON in grain products.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Tricotecenos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Imunoensaio , Ouro , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a useful tool in diabetes management, but its efficacy and optimal application in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients treated without insulin have been controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SMBG in controlling blood glucose levels in non-insulin-treated T2D patients and to determine the optimal frequency and the most appropriate population to benefit from SMBG. METHODS: Eligible publications from January 2000 to April 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Randomized controlled trials comparing SMBG with no SMBG or structured SMBG (S-SMBG, SMBG with defined timing and frequency of glucose measurements) were included. Meta-analyses and sub-analyses were performed to assess the efficacy, optimal frequency, and most appropriate population for SMBG. Risk of bias was assessed regarding randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies involving 6204 participants were identified, including 17 comparing SMBG with no SMBG and 4 comparing SMBG with S-SMBG. SMBG reduced HbA1c (MD -0.30%, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.17) compared with no SMBG, and S-SMBG performed better than SMBG (MD -0.23%, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.07). Subgroup analyses showed that HbA1c control was better with SMBG at 8-11 times weekly (MD -0.35%, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.20) compared with other frequencies and with lifestyle adjustments (MD -0.37%, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.23) than with no adjustments. No significant differences in HbA1c were observed between baseline HbA1c subgroups (≤ 8% and > 8%, P = 0.63) and between diabetes duration subgroups (≤ 6 years and > 6 years, P = 0.72), respectively. DISCUSSION: SMBG was effective for controlling HbA1c in non-insulin-treated T2D patients, although lacking detailed monitoring design. Better outcomes were seen with SMBG at 8-11 times weekly and lifestyle adjustment based on SMBG results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42021285604).
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Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Insulina , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Automonitorização da Glicemia/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction, characterized by cognitive and memory impairments closely linked to hippocampal dysfunction. Though it is well-known that SAE is a diffuse brain dysfunction with microglial activation, the pathological mechanisms of SAE are not well established and effective clinical interventions are lacking. Oxytocin (OXT) is reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles. However, the effects of OXT on SAE and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. METHODS: SAE was induced in adult C57BL/6J male mice by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery. Exogenous OXT was intranasally applied after surgery. Clinical score, survivor rate, cognitive and memory behaviors, and hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal functions were evaluated. Cultured microglia challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to investigate the effects of OXT on microglial functions, including inflammatory cytokines release and phagocytosis. The possible intracellular signal pathways involved in the OXT-induced neuroprotection were explored with RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Hippocampal OXT level decreases, while the expression of OXT receptor (OXTR) increases around 24 h after CLP surgery. Intranasal OXT application at a proper dose increases mouse survival rate, alleviates cognitive and memory dysfunction, and restores hippocampal synaptic function and neuronal activity via OXTR in the SAE model. Intraperitoneal or local administration of the OXTR antagonist L-368,899 in hippocampal CA1 region inhibited the protective effects of OXT. Moreover, during the early stages of sepsis, hippocampal microglia are activated, while OXT application reduces microglial phagocytosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. OXT may improve the SAE outcomes via the OXTR-ERK-STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our study uncovers the dysfunction of the OXT signal in SAE and shows that intranasal OXT application at a proper dose can alleviate SAE outcomes by reducing microglial overactivation, suggests that OXT may be a promising therapeutic approach in managing SAE patients.
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Oleaginous yeasts utilize renewable resources to produce lipids, which benefits sustainable development, and it is of great interest to screen robust lipid producers. Curvibasidium sp. belongs to nonconventional yeast that are very limitedly studied. Here, two cold-adaptive strains of Curvibasidium sp., namely, Y230 and Y231, isolated from the medicinal lichen Usnea diffracta were investigated for their potential in lipid production. Genome mining of Curvibasidium sp. Y231 was performed, and the special features related to fatty acid biosynthesis were revealed. Glucose, xylose, and glycerol were tested as sole carbon sources for yeast cell growth and lipid production. The total lipid contents of Curvibasidium sp. Y230 and Y231 range from 38.43% to 54.62% of the cell dry cell weight at 20°C, and glucose is the optimal carbon source. These results indicate that the Curvibasidium sp. strains are promising for sustainable lipid production. Our study provides basis for exploration of lichen-derived strains for biotechnological applications, and also benefits utilization of other nonconventional yeasts for sustainable production based on genome-based studies.
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Basidiomycota , Líquens , Leveduras , Lipídeos , Glucose , Carbono , BiocombustíveisRESUMO
ATR, a PI3K-like protein kinase, plays a key role in regulating DNA damage responses. Its nuclear checkpoint kinase function is well documented, but little is known about its function outside the nucleus. Here we report that ATR has an antiapoptotic activity at mitochondria in response to UV damage, and this activity is independent of its hallmark checkpoint/kinase activity and partner ATRIP. ATR contains a BH3-like domain that allows ATR-tBid interaction at mitochondria, suppressing cytochrome c release and apoptosis. This mitochondrial activity of ATR is downregulated by Pin1 that isomerizes ATR from cis-isomer to trans-isomer at the phosphorylated Ser428-Pro429 motif. However, UV inactivates Pin1 via DAPK1, stabilizing the pro-survival cis-isomeric ATR. In contrast, nuclear ATR remains in the trans-isoform disregarding UV. This cytoplasmic response of ATR may provide a mechanism for the observed antiapoptotic role of ATR in suppressing carcinogenesis and its inhibition in sensitizing anticancer agents for killing of cancer cells.
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Proteína Agonista de Morte Celular de Domínio Interatuante com BH3/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos da radiação , Peptidilprolil Isomerase/metabolismo , Apoptose , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/química , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células HCT116 , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/genética , Peptidilprolil Isomerase de Interação com NIMA , Conformação Proteica , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
With the aim of discovering novel nematicidal scaffolds, the nematicidal activities of a series of quinazoline compounds were tested, with some compounds showing excellent results. Among them, the LC50 values of compound K11 against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, and Ditylenchus destructor were 7.33, 6.09, and 10.95 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the nematicidal activity of compound K11 against Meloidogyne incognita was 98.77% at 100 mg/L. Compound K11 not only increased the production of reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of lipofuscin and lipids in nematodes, but it also attenuated nematode pathogenicity by reducing the nematodes' antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic analysis showed that compound K11 had significant effects on fatty acid degradation, metabolic pathways, and the differentially expressed genes related to redox processes in nematodes. Furthermore, the expression levels of the corresponding differentially expressed genes were verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Quinazoline can be used as a new nematicidal scaffold, and it is expected that more work will be done on the discovery of novel nematicides based on the lead compound K11 in the future.
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Tylenchida , Tylenchoidea , Animais , Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Dose Letal Mediana , Espécies Reativas de OxigênioRESUMO
Rice bacterial diseases seriously threaten the development of rice industry in the world, and chemical control is still one of the effective means to control it. To find novel antibacterial agents, 42 resveratrol derivatives were designed and synthesized based on natural product resveratrol as lead structure, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. Most compounds have excellent antibacterial activities. Among them, the EC50 values of compound B1 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) were 4.76 and 8.85 mg/L, respectively. The curative activities of compound B1 against bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak were 45.57 and 38.40%, and the protective activities were 49.41 and 35.93%, respectively. In addition, compound B1 could change bacterial cell surface morphology by inhibiting biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production, and increasing membrane permeability, thereby affecting the normal growth of bacteria. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that differential expressed genes were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction pathway and MAPK signaling pathway-plant after compound B1 treated susceptible rice. We will further optimize the structure of compound B1 in future work to find more efficient antibacterial agents.
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Oryza , Xanthomonas , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/química , Oryza/microbiologiaRESUMO
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) is the last common enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway in the synthesis of heme and chlorophyll. The high-frequency use of PPO inhibitor herbicides has led to the gradual exposure of pesticide damage and resistance problems. In order to solve this kind of problem, there is an urgent need to develop new PPO inhibitor herbicides. In this paper, 16 phenylpyrazole derivatives were designed by the principle of active substructure splicing through the electron isosterism of five-membered heterocycles. Greenhouse herbicidal activity experiments and in vitro PPO activity experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of compound 9 on weed growth was comparable to that of pyraflufen-ethyl. Crop safety experiments and cumulative concentration experiments in crops showed that when the spraying concentration was 300 g ai/ha, wheat, corn, rice and other cereal crops were more tolerant to compound 9, among which wheat showed high tolerance, which was comparable to the crop safety of pyraflufen-ethyl. Herbicidal spectrum experiments showed that compound 9 had inhibitory activity against most weeds. Molecular docking results showed that compound 9 formed one hydrogen bond interaction with amino acid residue ARG-98 and two π-π stacking interactions with amino acid residue PHE-392, indicating that compound 9 had better herbicidal activity than pyraflufen-ethyl. It shows that compound 9 is expected to be a lead compound of phenylpyrazole PPO inhibitor herbicide and used as a herbicide in wheat field.
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Herbicidas , Herbicidas/química , Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Aminoácidos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The DNA damage response (DDR) is recognized as having an important role in cancer growth and treatment. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has shown significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. ATR inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effectiveness, not just as monotherapies but also in enhancing the effects of standard chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. The biological basis of ATR is examined in this review, as well as its functional significance in the development and therapy of cancer, and the justification for inhibiting this target as a therapeutic approach, including an assessment of the progress and status of previous decades' development of effective and selective ATR inhibitors. The current applications of these inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations as single medicines or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy are also fully reviewed. This review concludes with some insights into the many concerns highlighted or identified with ATR inhibitors in both the preclinical and clinical contexts, as well as potential remedies proposed.
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Dano ao DNA , Neoplasias , Humanos , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Carcinogênese/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais , Desenvolvimento EmbrionárioRESUMO
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases in the citrus industry. At present, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) cannot be cultured in vitro, and there is a lack of rapid methods to test antibacterial activity, which greatly hinders the discovery of new antibacterial agents against HLB. To establish a rapid screening method for antibacterial agents against HLB with simple operation, a short cycle, and a large number of tests, the CLas contents in leaves from different citrus branches, different leaves from the same citrus branch, and two halves of the same citrus leaf were detected. Compared with the leaves on different branches and different leaves on the same branch, the difference in CLas content of the left and right halves of the same leaf was small; the difference was basically between 0.7 and 1.3. A rapid and efficient method for primary screening agents against HLB termed the "half-leaf method" was established through our long-term optimization and improvement. To verify the stability and reliability of the activity data measured using this method, 6-chloropurine riboside, which is highly soluble in water, was used as the test agent, and its antibacterial activity against HLB was tested 45 times. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed little difference in the mean values of each data group, indicating that this method could be used as a rapid method for screening agents against HLB. We used this method to test the antibacterial activity of compounds synthesized by our research group against HLB and found that some of the compounds showed good activity.
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Citrus , Rhizobiaceae , Citrus/microbiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Benzoxazole and benzothiazole have a broad spectrum of agricultural biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and herbicidal activities, which are important fused heterocyclic scaffold structures in agrochemical discovery. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles, especially in the development of herbicides and insecticides. With the widespread use of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles, there may be more new products containing benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles in the future. We systematically reviewed the application of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles in discovering new agrochemicals in the past two decades and summarized the antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral, herbicidal, and insecticidal activities of the active compounds. We also discussed the structural-activity relationship and mechanism of the active compounds. This work aims to provide inspiration and ideas for the discovery of new agrochemicals based on benzoxazole and benzothiazole.
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Agroquímicos , Benzoxazóis , Benzoxazóis/farmacologia , Benzoxazóis/química , Benzotiazóis/química , Antibacterianos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Brasenia schreberi is a widely consumed aquatic plant, yet the knowledge regarding its bioactive components, particularly polysaccharides, remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from B. schreberi using the response surface method (RSM). Additionally, we characterized the polysaccharides using various methods and assessed their antioxidant capabilities both in vitro and in vivo, employing cell cultures and Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, these polysaccharides were incorporated into a unique yogurt formulation. Our findings demonstrated that hot water extraction was the most suitable method for extracting polysaccharides from B. schreberi, yielding samples with high sugar content, significant antioxidant capacity, and a well-defined spatial structure. Moreover, pectinase was employed for polysaccharide digestion, achieving an enzymolysis rate of 10.02% under optimized conditions using RSM. Notably, the results indicated that these polysaccharides could protect cells from oxidative stress by reducing apoptosis. Surprisingly, at a concentration of 250 µg/mL, the polysaccharides significantly increased the survival rate of C. elegans from 31.05% to 82.3%. Further qPCR results revealed that the polysaccharides protected C. elegans by up-regulating the daf-16 gene and down-regulating mTOR and insulin pathways, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant abilities. Upon addition to the yogurt, the polysaccharides significantly enhanced the water retention, viscosity, and viability of lactic acid bacteria. These outcomes underscore the potential of polysaccharides from B. schreberi as a valuable addition to novel yogurt formulations, thereby providing additional theoretical support for the utilization of B. schreberi.
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Antioxidantes , Caenorhabditis elegans , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Iogurte , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , ÁguaRESUMO
Hyperactivation of PARP1 is known to be a major cause of necrotic cell death by depleting NAD+ /ATP pools during Ca2+ overload which is associated with many ischemic diseases. However, little is known about how PARP1 hyperactivity is regulated during calcium overload. In this study we show that ATR kinase, well known for its role in DNA damage responses, suppresses ionomycin, glutamate, or quinolinic acid-induced necrotic death of cells including SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. We found that the inhibition of necrosis requires the kinase activity of ATR. Specifically, ATR binds to and phosphorylates PARP1 at Ser179 after the ionophore treatments. This site-specific phosphorylation inactivates PARP1, inhibiting ionophore-induced necrosis. Strikingly, all of this occurs in the absence of detectable DNA damage and signaling up to 8 hours after ionophore treatment. Furthermore, little AIF was released from mitochondria/cytoplasm for nuclear import, supporting the necrotic type of cell death in the early period of the treatments. Our results reveal a novel ATR-mediated anti-necrotic mechanism in the cellular stress response to calcium influx without DNA damage signaling.
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Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , Necrose , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Apoptose , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Humanos , Neuroblastoma/genética , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Fosforilação , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/genética , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Thoracic trauma is common, and traffic accident-related traumatic injury can cause acute stress leading to esophageal motility disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are regarded as gastrointestinal pacemaker cells. AIM: This study explored the mechanism underlying changes in lower esophagus ICCs under acute stress conditions. METHODS: Fifty adult rabbits, randomly divided into one healthy control and four study groups, were subjected to right chest puncture using a Hopkinson bar. Thereafter, one group was immediately subjected to lower esophagectomy, whereas the other three groups were maintained for 24, 48 and 72 h after puncture and subjected to lower esophagectomy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ICC distribution, morphology and density, and TUNEL assays were used to determine ICC apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure cortisol, epinephrine, dopamine, IL-9, cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed to detect changes in SCF/c-kit and nNOS pathways. RESULTS: After puncture, lung tissue was hemorrhaged, alveoli in puncture areas were destroyed, esophageal pH was decreased, and serum cortisol, epinephrine and dopamine levels increased. ICC numbers increased and apoptotic ICCs decreased in all stress groups after puncture (all p < .01). IL-9, CCK and VIP levels in lower esophagus tissue were increased after puncture (all p < .01). Moreover, SCF/c-kit and nNOS pathways were upregulated in response to stress (all p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Acute stress promotes increases in lower esophageal ICCs that might affect esophagus ICC functions and esophageal motility.
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Células Intersticiais de Cajal , Animais , Coelhos , Dopamina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Esôfago , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kitRESUMO
AIMS: We investigated the fate of Salmonella in lettuce seeds grown in a hydroponic system and the potentials of applying photodynamic inactivation (PDI) to enhance microbial safety of hydroponic farming systems. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lettuce was grown from Salmonella-contaminated seeds, and rose bengal-mediated PDI was applied. Without intervention, Salmonella could persist in plants and hydroponic farming environment throughout 6 weeks of lettuce growth. Cross-contamination from Salmonella-inoculated to noninoculated seedlings was observed. PDI significantly decreased Salmonella from 3.90 ± 0.31 log colony-forming unit (CFU) per plant to 2.77 ± 0.49 log CFU per plant without extra illumination needed (p < 0.01) by week six. CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella from contaminated seeds could survive for an extended period in lettuce and hydroponic farming environment and posed serious cross-contamination risks. Rose bengal-mediated PDI showed promise in controlling Salmonella contamination in lettuce in a hydroponic farming setting. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shed light on the serious food safety implications that Salmonella-contaminated lettuce seeds might entail in a hydroponic farming environment and demonstrated rose bengal-mediated PDI as a potential mitigation strategy. These findings contribute to the increasingly relevant field of urban farming systems and their associated food safety concerns.