RESUMO
To evaluate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on admission to hospital. And then correlate CT pulmonary infiltrates involvement with the findings of emphysema. We analyzed the different infiltrates of COVID-19 pneumonia using emphysema as the grade of pneumonia. We applied open-source assisted software (3D Slicer) to model the lungs and lesions of 66 patients with COVID-19, which were retrospectively included. we divided the 66 COVID-19 patients into the following two groups: (A) 12 patients with less than 10% emphysema in the low-attenuation area less than -950 Hounsfield units (%LAA-950), (B) 54 patients with greater than or equal to 10% emphysema in %LAA-950. Imaging findings were assessed retrospectively by two authors and then pulmonary infiltrates and emphysema volumes were measured on CT using 3D Slicer software. Differences between pulmonary infiltrates, emphysema, Collapsed, affected of patients with CT findings were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon test, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The left lung (A) affected left lung 20.00/affected right lung 18.50, (B) affected left lung 13.00/affected right lung 11.50 was most frequently involved region in COVID-19. In addition, collapsed left lung, (A) collapsed left lung 4.95/collapsed right lung 4.65, (B) collapsed left lung 3.65/collapsed right lung 3.15 was also more severe than the right one. There were significant differences between the Group A and Group B in terms of the percentage of CT involvement in each lung region (p < 0.05), except for the inflated affected total lung (p = 0.152). The median percentage of collapsed left lung in the Group A was 20.00 (14.00-30.00), right lung was 18.50 (13.00-30.25) and the total was 19.00 (13.00-30.00), while the median percentage of collapsed left lung in the Group B was 13.00 (10.00-14.75), right lung was 11.50 (10.00-15.00) and the total was 12.50 (10.00-15.00). The percentage of affected left lung is an independent predictor of emphysema in COVID-19 patients. We need to focus on the left lung of the patient as it is more affected. The people with lower levels of emphysema may have more collapsed segments. The more collapsed segments may lead to more serious clinical feature.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Enfisema , Enfisema Pulmonar , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/patologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema Pulmonar/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Enfisema/patologiaRESUMO
Emerging evidence suggests that majority of the transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNA, including tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs), play a significant role in the molecular mechanisms underlying some human diseases. However, expression of tRFs/tiRNAs and their potential roles in aortic dissection (AD) remain unclear. This study examined the expression characteristics and explored the functional roles of tRFs/tiRNAs in AD using RNA-sequencing, bioinformatics, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and loss- and gain-of-function analysis. Results revealed that a total of 41 tRFs/tiRNAs were dysregulated in the AD group compared to the control group. Among them, 12 were upregulated and 29 were downregulated (fold change≥1.5 and p < 0.05). RT-qPCR results revealed that expressions of tRF-1:30-chrM.Met-CAT was significantly upregulated, while that of tRF-54:71-chrM.Trp-TCA and tRF-1:32-chrM.Cys-GCA were notably downregulated; expression patterns were consistent with the RNA sequencing data. Bioinformatic analysis showed that a variety of related pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Functionally, tRF-1:30-chrM.Met-CAT could facilitate proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which might serve as a significant regulator in the progression of AD. In summary, the study illustrated that tRFs/tiRNAs expressed in AD tissues have potential biological functions and may act as promising biomarkers or therapeutic targets for AD.
Assuntos
Dissecção Aórtica , RNA de Transferência , Dissecção Aórtica/genética , Biomarcadores , Biologia Computacional , Humanos , RNA de Transferência/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Knowledge regarding the relationship between the molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis (AS) and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) is limited. This study illustrated the expression profile of tsRNAs, thus exploring its roles in AS pathogenesis. Small RNA sequencing was performed with four atherosclerotic arterial and four healthy subject samples. Using bioinformatics, the protein-protein interaction network and cellular experiments were constructed to predict the enriched signalling pathways and regulatory roles of tsRNAs in AS. Of the total 315 tsRNAs identified to be dysregulated in the AS group, 131 and 184 were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Interestingly, the pathway of the differentiated expression of tsRNAs in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was implicated to be closely associated with AS. Particularly, tRF-Gly-GCC might participate in AS pathogenesis via regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation in HUVECs and VSMCs. In conclusion, tsRNAs might help understand the molecular mechanisms of AS better. tRF-Gly-GCC may be a promising target for suppressing abnormal vessels functions, suggesting a novel strategy for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/genética , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , RNA de Transferência/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/fisiologia , Humanos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , TranscriptomaRESUMO
: To investigate the protective effect of (FD) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its mechanism. : Human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells were divided into normal control group, model control group, FD 95% alcohol extract group, FD 50% alcohol extract group and FD decoction extract group. Gastric ulcer was induced by treatment with 1% ethanol in GES-1 cells. The cell proliferation was detected with MTT method in each group. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, ranitidine group and low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose FD 95% alcohol extract groups (150, 300, 600â mg/kg). The corresponding drugs were administrated by gavage for The gastric ulcer model was induced by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The gastric ulcer area and ulcer inhibition rate of rats were measured in each group; the degree of gastricmucosal damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy; the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß in serum and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) in gastric tissues were detected by ELISA method. : 95% alcohol extract of FD had the strongest protective effect on proliferation of GES-1 cells. In animal experiments, compared with the normal control group, a large area of ulcers appeared on the gastric mucosa in the model control group, while the ulcer areas of the FD groups and ranitidine group were significantly smaller than that of the model control group (all <0.05). Compared with the model control group, FD groups and ranitidine group significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 in serum and the MDA content in the gastric tissues, and increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues (all <0.05). : The 95% alcohol extract of FD can reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 in serum and the content of MDA in gastric tissues, and increase the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues to achieve the protective effect against gastric ulcer.
Assuntos
Úlcera Gástrica , Animais , Etanol/toxicidade , Mucosa Gástrica , Malondialdeído , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Superóxido DismutaseRESUMO
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0665-1.].
RESUMO
Macroscopic monoliths are highly desirable in many fields of application. Herein, well organized organic-inorganic cryogel composite with a three-dimensional hierarchical meso- and macroporous structure are presented, which were produced by in situ copolymerization of mesoporous multifunctional silica (size: 1-20 µm; pore: 2-20 nm mostly) and monomers (hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in water below the freezing point. This copolymerization method effectively adjusted the macropores of the basic cryogel, and the nanosilica was more homogeneously dispersed in the basic cryogel. The specific surface area of the cryogel composite was increased 17 times versus than that of the basic cryogel. The abundant meso- and macroporous pores on the cryogel composite provided sufficient reactive sites favorable for the efficient mass transport of target compounds. When the cryogel composite, as solid phase extraction adsorbent, was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, an analytical tool, the nucleosides were quantified with good selectivity, lower detection limits (0.9-1.3 ng/mL) and satisfactory recoveries of greater than 80% from spiked human serum.
Assuntos
Criogéis/química , Nucleosídeos/análise , Adsorção , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Tamanho da Partícula , Porosidade , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial fragmentation drastically regulates the viability of pancreatic cancer through a poorly understood mechanism. The present study used erlotinib to activate mitochondrial fragmentation and then investigated the downstream events that occurred in response to mitochondrial fragmentation. METHODS: Cell viability and apoptosis were determined via MTT assay, TUNEL staining and ELISA. Mitochondrial fragmentation was measured via an immunofluorescence assay and qPCR. siRNA transfection and pathway blockers were used to perform the loss-of-function assays. RESULTS: The results of our study demonstrated that erlotinib treatment mediated cell apoptosis in the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line via evoking mitochondrial fragmentation. Mechanistically, erlotinib application increased mitochondrial fission and reduced mitochondrial fusion, triggering mitochondrial fragmentation. Subsequently, mitochondrial fragmentation caused the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS (mROS). Interestingly, excessive mROS induced cardiolipin oxidation and mPTP opening, finally facilitating HtrA2/Omi liberation from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, where HtrA2/Omi activated caspase-9-dependent cell apoptosis. Notably, neutralization of mROS or knockdown of HtrA2/Omi attenuated erlotinib-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and favored cancer cell survival. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results identified the mROS-HtrA2/Omi axis as a novel signaling pathway that is activated by mitochondrial fragmentation and that promotes PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell mitochondrial apoptosis in the presence of erlotinib.
RESUMO
A plausible approach to remediating petroleum contaminated soil is the integration of chemical and biological treatments. Using appropriate chemical oxidation, the integrated remediation can be effectively achieved to stimulate the biodegradation process, consequently bolstering the overall remediation effect. In this study, an integrated biological-chemical-biological strategy was proposed. Both conventional microbial degradation techniques and a modified Fenton method were employed, and the efficacy of this strategy on crude oil contaminated soil, as well as its impact on pollutant composition, soil environment, and soil microorganism, was assessed. The results showed that this integrated remediation realized an overall 68.3 % removal rate, a performance 1.7 times superior to bioremediation alone and 2.1 times more effective than chemical oxidation alone, elucidating that the biodegradation which had become sluggish was invigorated by the judicious application of chemical oxidation. By optimizing the positioning of chemical treatment, the oxidization was allowed to act predominantly on refractory substances like resins, thus effectively enhancing pollutant biodegradability. Concurrently, this oxidating maneuver contributed to a significant increase in concentrations of dissolvable nutrients while maintaining appropriate soil pH levels, thereby generating favorable growth conditions for microorganism. Moreover, attributed to the proliferation and accumulation of degrading bacteria during the initial bioremediation phase, the microbial growth subsequent to oxidation showed rapid resurgence and the relative abundance of typical petroleum-degrading bacteria, particularly Proteobacteria, was substantially increased, which played a significant role in enhancing overall remediation effect. Our research validated the feasibility of biological-chemical-biological strategy and elucidated its correlating mechanisms, presenting a salient reference for the further studies concerning the integrated remediation of petroleum contaminated soil.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Petróleo , Poluentes do Solo , Petróleo/metabolismo , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Microbiologia do Solo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismoRESUMO
The most common type of dementia disease is Alzheimer, which placing a heavy burden on the healthcare system all over the world. At the same time, psoriasis is also one of the most common health problems, as a skin disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is more often in patients with psoriasis than in the general people. Several evidence has proved the relation between AD and psoriasis through immune-mediated pathophysiologic processes. This review aims to summary the potential relation between AD and psoriasis, and provide suggestions based on the relationship at the same time. Neurologists, dermatologists should pay attention to the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and psoriasis. Dermatology and neurology need referral each other when it is necessary.
RESUMO
Around 5%-10% of fetal pregnancies impacting maternal and neonatal outcomes have been affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. As a cardiovascular risk factor, pre-eclampsia is now really recognized for women throughout the world. Pre-eclampsia is one hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. It imposes far-reaching influences on women and poses a great threat to life as well, no matter mother or child. Around 2% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide are affected by it. It also gives rise to marked maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is the most severe complication observed in preeclamptic women. As clearly revealed by the newest evidence, remarkable association exists between cardiovascular disease and pre-eclampsia. The aim of our review is to highlight the correlation between pre-eclampsia and the possibility of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, it still cannot establish a clear dependency mechanism between pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease for their multifactorial nature.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hipertensão , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
The aim is to explore the development trend of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) and predict the infectivity of 2019-nCoV (2019 Novel Coronavirus), as well as its impact on public health. First, the existing data are analyzed through data pre-processing to extract useful feature factors. Then, the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) prediction model in the deep learning algorithm is used to predict the epidemic situation in Hubei Province, outside Hubei nationwide, and the whole country, respectively. Meanwhile, the impact of intervention time changes on the epidemic situation is compared. The results show that the prediction results are almost consistent with the actual values. Specifically, Hubei Province abolishes quarantine restrictions after the Spring Festival holiday, and the first COVID-19 peak is reached in late February, while the second COVID-19 peak has been reached in early March. Finally, the cumulative number of diagnoses reaches 85,000 cases, with an increase of 15,000 cases compared with the nationwide cases outside Hubei under the continuous implementation of prevention and control measures. Under the prediction of the proposed LSTM model, if the nationwide implementation of prevention and control interventions is postponed by 5 days, the epidemic will peak in early March, and the cumulative number of diagnoses will be about 200,000; and if the intervention measures are implemented five days earlier, the epidemic will peak in mid-February, with a cumulative number of diagnoses of approximately 40,000. Meanwhile, the proposed LSTM model predicts the RMSE values of the epidemic situation in Hubei Province, outside Hubei nationwide, and the whole country as 34.63, 75.42, and 50.27, respectively. Under model comparison analysis, the prediction error of the proposed LSTM model is small and has better applicability over similar algorithms. The results show that the LSTM model is effective and has high performance in infectious disease prediction, and the research results can provide scientific and effective references for subsequent related research.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Secukinumab is a fully human IgG1κ MoAb that selectively binds to IL-17A with high affinity, and it has been proven effective for the treatment of psoriasis. However, the immune response pathways and mechanisms during the treatment are still masked. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the potential immune response genes via bioinformatics approaches. METHODS: Gene expression data of severe plaque-type psoriasis was retrieved from the GEO database. Quantification of immune infiltration by ssGSEA and identification of differentially infiltrated immune cells were conducted to validate the treatment effect of secukinumab. After data processing, differentially expressed genes were identified between the treatment and untreated group. TC-seq was employed to analyze the trend of gene expression and clustering analysis. IL-17 therapeutic immune response genes were selected by taking the intersection of the genes inside the key cluster set and the MAD3-PSO geneset. Based on these therapeutic response genes, protein-protein interaction networks were built for key hub gene selection. These hub genes would work as potential immune response genes, and be validated via an external dataset. RESULTS: Enrichment scores calculated by ssGSEA illustrated that the immune infiltration level of T cells had a strong difference before and after medication, which validated the treatment effect of Secukinumab. 1525 genes that have significantly different expression patterns before and after treatment were extracted for further analysis, and the enrichment result shows that these genes have the function related to epidermal development, differentiation, and keratinocytes differentiation. After overlapping candidate genes with MAD3-PSO gene set, 695 genes were defined as anti-IL7A treatment immune response genes, which were mainly enriched in receptor signaling and IL-17 signaling pathways. Hub gene were pinpointed from the PPI network constructed by anti-IL7A treatment immune response genes, their expression pattern fits TC-seq gene expression pattern. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the potential anti-IL7A treatment immune response genes, and the central hub genes, which may act critical roles in Secukinumab, induced immune response. This would open up a novel and effective avenue for the treatment of psoriasis.
Assuntos
Interleucina-17 , Psoríase , Humanos , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/uso terapêutico , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Psoríase/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Mapas de Interação de ProteínasRESUMO
Cancer is claimed as a prevalent cause of mortality throughout the world. Conventional chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in the treatment of cancers, but multidrug resistance has already become one of the major impediments to efficacious cancer therapy, creating a great demand for the development of novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, abundantly found in nature, possess extensive structural variability, and some naturally occurring steroidal saponins exhibit profound anticancer properties through a variety of pathways. Hence, naturally occurring steroidal saponins are powerful lead compounds/candidates in the development of novel therapeutic agents. This review article described the recent progress of naturally occurring steroidal saponins as potential anticancer agents, and the mechanisms of action were also discussed, covering articles published between 2017 and 2021.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Saponinas , HumanosRESUMO
The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate shuttle hypothesis suggests that lactate plays an important role as a bridging signaling molecule that coordinates signaling among different cells, organs and tissues. Lactylation is a posttranslational modification initially reported by Professor Yingming Zhao's research group in 2019. Subsequent studies confirmed that lactylation is a vital component of lactate function and is involved in tumor proliferation, neural excitation, inflammation and other biological processes. An indispensable substance for various physiological cellular functions, lactate plays a regulatory role in different aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Therefore, a comprehensive review and summary of lactate is presented to clarify the role of lactate in disease and to provide a reference and direction for future research. This review offers a systematic overview of lactate homeostasis and its roles in physiological and pathological processes, as well as a comprehensive overview of the effects of lactylation in various diseases, particularly inflammation and cancer.
Assuntos
Glicólise , Neoplasias , Glicólise/genética , Homeostase , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious problem for drug anti-viral efficacy in combatting the cytokine storm triggered by SARS-CoV-2. From dermato-epidemiological studies conducted on psoriatic and other rheumatological patients, IL-17 inhibitors seem to attenuate or even prevent the cytokine storm and thus ICU referral. Furthermore, both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments suggest that IL-17 plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection progression. Due to this evidence, we decided to summarize the literature findings on IL-17 inhibitors and COVID-19, maintaining psoriasis as the referral disease to better understand the extent of drug effects on the immune system.
RESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens and implicated in a wide range of infections. It is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality and has already posed a great burden on the healthcare system. S. aureus strains have already generated resistance to almost all available antibiotics, due to which the World Health Organization stratified S. aureus as a high tier priority II pathogen. Glycosides, the secondary metabolites of many plants in nature, possess a variety of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The structural and mechanistic diversity make glycosides useful weapons against S. aureus. This review summarizes the recent studies on naturally-derived glycosides and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of the resources and the anti-S. aureus potential.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Glicosídeos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of the study is to analyze the current situation of ideological and political education and psychological education of college students, and explore the challenges faced by these two kinds of education in the information age. First, different research methods, such as literature research, questionnaire survey, and interdisciplinary research, are used to investigate and study the current situation of ideological and political education and psychological education of college students. Second, the survey data are analyzed to reveal the challenges they have encountered. The results show that there are many problems in ideological and political education, which need to be improved and strengthened. The Internet has a strong attraction for college students, but the purpose of getting online of many college students is not clear. Although it plays an important role in improving teaching quality by helping college students establish correct attitudes toward their study, values, life, and society, ideological and political education lack strong pertinence and effectiveness due to the professionalism of the teachers. And the negative impact of network information on ideological and political education of college students is also obvious. About 11.4% of the respondents believe that network information affects their physical and mental health. About 8.4% of the respondents believe that harmful information on the network is easy to induce students to behave wrongly. About 41% believe that computer games distract them from learning, which indicates that the negative impact of network information on college students cannot be underestimated, and it is imperative to strengthen the ideological and political education of college students. The research provides a useful reference for the ideological and political and psychological education in the information environment and helps to solve the problem in the ideological and political education and psychological education of college students.
RESUMO
Recently, new developments of multiple-enzyme catalysis in enzyme scaffold designs have garnered much attention for their important applications. The reactions catalyzed by multiple protease which couldn't co-exist in solution would greatly facilitate the bottom up strategy for proteome analysis. In this study, a dual-enzyme microreactor with two proteases was successfully constructed for consecutive digestion under mild reaction conditions in aqueous solution based on hydrophilic ZIF-90 with size-selective sheltering, where chymotrypsin was encapsulated into the ZIF-90 framework through a biomimetic mineralization procedure and trypsin was then covalently adsorbed on the outer surface of ZIF-90. With extraordinarily uniform size and high protein loading capacity, the microreactor exhibited enhanced stability (including thermostability, pH stability and storage stability) and better digestion performance compared to in-solution digestion. Thus, the work presents a novel and general strategy for the design of high-performance biomimetic reactors for multienzymatic catalysis by altering the type of enzyme and further develops the great potential of biomacromolecules in catalysis application. Moreover, we also demonstrate that although the biomacromolecules such as proteins couldn't directly tune crystallinity and morphology of ZIF-90, they can perform as a stabilizer for anchoring metal ion to prevent crystal fast transformation of ZIF-90 during synthetic process.
Assuntos
Quimotripsina , Enzimas Imobilizadas , Digestão , Proteínas , TripsinaRESUMO
The quality of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education (IEE) in higher institutions is closely related to the degree to which the undergraduates (UGs) absorb relevant innovation and entrepreneurship knowledge and their entrepreneurial motivation. Thus, an effective Evaluation of Educational Quality (EEQ) is essential. In particular, fault tree analysis (FTA), a common EEQ approach, has some disadvantages, such as fault data reliance and insufficient uncertainties handleability. Thereupon, this article first puts forward a theoretical model based on the deep learning (DL) method to analyze the factors of IEE quality; consequently, based on the traditional FTA, fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA) is proposed to evaluate the reliability of IEE classroom teaching for college teachers and students. Finally, based on the top event of entrepreneurial teaching failure, the hyper-ellipsoid model is implemented to restrict the interval probability of basic events and describe the deviation of uncertain events. Furthermore, the model accuracy is verified by a questionnaire survey (QS), based upon which the factors of IEE quality are analyzed. The results show that the designed QS has good reliability, validity, and fitness; the path coefficients of cooperative ability to critical thinking and innovative thinking are 0.9 and 0.66, respectively, indicating that the students' cooperative ability plays a vital role in the classroom teaching. By calculation, the probability of "teaching failure" in entrepreneurial classroom teaching is 0.395, 3, 0.462, and 5. To sum up, the proposed method can effectively and quantitatively evaluate the quality of IEE in higher institutions, thus providing a certain basis for formulating relevant improvement strategies. The purpose is to provide important technical support for improving the IEE quality.
RESUMO
Background: The N-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is important for prognosis of heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the NT-proBNP level is easily affected by renal insufficiency, which limits its clinical use. Methods: This study included 396 patients with CKD. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP and cystatin C (CysC) were measured during hospitalization. The echocardiographic parameters were also detected. Patients were divided into the heart failure group and control group according to the European Society of Cardiology Guideline on Chronic Heart Failure 2021. Multiple modeling analysis of the values of NT-proBNP and CysC, including NT-proBNP/Cyscn and NT-proBNP/nCysC was performed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, combined with the cardiac function, was used to determine the formula with the best diagnostic efficiency. Then, the sensitivity and specificity of new predictors for cardiac insufficiency in CKD patients were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between new predictors and the NT-proBNP level. The clinical data of CKD patients from another local hospital were used to validate the new predictors and the cut-off values. Results: An elevated NT-proBNP/CysC1.53 ratio was an independent risk factor for cardiac dysfunction in CKD and the best predictor derived from multiple modeling analysis. There was no correlation between the NT-proBNP/CysC1.53 ratio and the NT-proBNP level (r = 0.376, p = 6.909). The area under the ROC curve for the NT-proBNP/CysC1.53 ratio was 0.815 (95% confidence interval: 0.772-0.858), and for a cut-off point of 847.964, this ratio had a sensitivity of 78.24%, and a specificity of 69.44%. When applied to the data of CKD patients from another local hospital, the NT-proBNP to CysC1.53 ratio had a sensitivity of 70.27% and a specificity of 67.74%. Conclusion: The NT-proBNP to CysC1.53 ratio was superior to NT-proBNP alone for predicting cardiac dysfunction in patients with CKD.