[Effect of overexpression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D on biological character of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of overexpression of glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) on the biological character of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. METHODS: The GPI-PLD gene eukaryon expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)/ GPI-PLD was transiently transfected into HepG2 cell by lipid-media transfection. The untransfected HepG2 and HepG2 transfected with pcDNA3.1(+) were used as controls. After screening with G418, the single clone was obtained. The expression level of GPI-PLD mRNA in HepG2 was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GPI-PLD activities were analyzed quantitatively by triton-X-114 partition with GPI anchored placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as a substrate. Cell count was used to detect the proliferation of the 3 groups, and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) effects were observed by the staining of trypan blue. Apoptosis cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with HepG2 and pcDNA3.1(+)/HepG2 cell, the levels of GPI-PLD activities and its mRNA from pcDNA3.1(+)/GPI-PLD/HepG2 were increased with almost 2 to 5 times,respectively. The GPI anchored PLAP and CEA released into the medium by GPI-PLD, and the rate of CDC killing on the cells were significantly increased. However, the proliferative capacity was obviously decreased, and the typical apoptosis cells were presented in positive clones and its apoptosis rates were increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The stable cell line with overexpression of GPI-PLD has been constructed. The overexpression of GPI-PLD in these cells increases the sensitivity of these cells to CDC killing and impairs the proliferative capacity of cells, and promotes the apoptosis.

Prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and solitary lymph node metastasis.

AIM: To investigate the relationship of solitary lymph node metastasis (SLNM) and age with patient survival in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: The medical records databases of China's Beijing Cancer Hospital at the Peking University School of Oncology and Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University were searched retrospectively to identify patients with histologically proven GC and SLNM who underwent surgical resection between October 2003 and December 2012. Patients with distant metastasis or gastric stump carcinoma following resection for benign disease were excluded from the analysis. In total, 936 patients with GC + SLNM were selected for analysis and the recorded parameters of clinicopathological disease and follow-up (range: 13-2925 d) were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to stratify patients by age (≤ 50 years-old, n = 198; 50-64 years-old, n = 321; ≥ 65 years-old, n = 446) and by metastatic lymph node ratio [MLR < 0.04 (1/25), n = 180; 0.04-0.06 (1/25-1/15), n = 687; ≥ 0.06 (1/15), n = 98] for 5-year survival analysis. The significance of intergroup differences between the survival curves was assessed by a log-rank test. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate of the entire GC + SLNM patient population was 49.9%. Stratification analysis showed significant differences in survival time (post-operative days) according to age: ≤ 50 years-old: 950.7 ± 79.0 vs 50-64 years-old: 1697.8 ± 65.9 vs ≥ 65 years-old: 1996.2 ± 57.6, all P < 0.05. In addition, younger age (≤ 50 years-old) correlated significantly with mean survival time (r = 0.367, P < 0.001). Stratification analysis also indicated an inverse relationship between increasing MLR and shorter survival time: < 0.04: 52.8% and 0.04-0.06: 51.1% vs ≥ 0.06: 40.5%, P < 0.05. The patients with the shortest survival times and rates were younger and had a high MLR (≥ 0.06): ≤ 50 years-old: 496.4 ± 133.0 and 0.0% vs 50-65 years-old: 1180.9 ± 201.8 and 21.4% vs ≥ 65 years-old: 1538.4 ± 72.4 and 37.3%, all P < 0.05. The same significant trend in shorter survival times and rates for younger patients was seen with the mid-range MLR group (0.04-0.06), but the difference between the two older groups was not significant. No significant differences were found between the age groups of patients with MLR < 0.04. Assessment of clinicopathological parameters identified age group, Borrmann type, histological type and tumor depth as the most important predictors of the survival rates and times observed for this study population. CONCLUSION: GC patients below 51 years of age with MLR of SLNM above 0.06 have shorter life expectancy than their older counterparts.

Computed tomography manifestations of common inferior vena cava dysplasia and its clinical significance.

This study aimed to review and analyse the computed tomography (CT) imaging results of frequently encountered developmental anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The underlying clinical significance was evaluated with reference to the relevant literature. CT images of patients who received abdominal or thoracic scanning between July 2009 and September 2011 were reviewed. Developmental anomalies observed in the IVC were identified and categorised. Images of the cases with typical anomalies were presented and their developmental mechanism, as well as clinical significance, was discussed. The most frequently encountered IVC developmental anomalies include the left vena cava, double vena cava, azygos continuation of the IVC, left circumaortic renal vein, left retroaortic renal vein and retrocaval ureter. The embryogenesis of the IVC is a complex process that results in various congenital anomalies. The developmental anomalies of the IVC are distinguished using a CT scan and have significant implications on clinical perspective.

Emergency endovascular repair of complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections within 24 hours of symptom onset in 30 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the results of emergency endovascular repair of complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections within 24 hours of symptom onset. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 30 patients with complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections who underwent emergency endovascular repair between June 2007 and October 2008. Endovascular repairs were performed within 24 hours of symptom onset. Stent-grafts were deployed at the first entry tear through the femoral artery under fluoroscopic guidance. Follow-up computed tomography scans were performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 64 years (range, 43-83 years). There were 3 cases associated with rupture, 6 cases associated with refractory hypertension, 15 cases associated with persistent pain, 2 cases associated with retrograde dissection, and 4 cases associated with malperfusion. The technical success rate was 100%, and the incidence of immediate postoperative endoleaks was 13.4%. One patient died of dissection rupture within 30 days. The mean follow-up period was 12 ± 8 months. A small, persistent endoleak (<10%) occurred in 1 patient, and 1 patient died of acute liver failure 2 months after the operation. No stent dislocation, false lumen expansion, or paraplegia occurred. The false lumen was completely thrombosed in 6 patients and partially thrombosed in 19 patients. The mortality rate was 6.67%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that emergency endovascular repair of complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections within 24 hours of symptom onset is associated with good outcomes and can decrease mortality.