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1.
J Environ Manage ; 171: 101-112, 2016 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26850677

RESUMO

Contamination of soil with trace elements, such as Cu, is an important risk management issue. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three biochars and compost on plant growth and the immobilisation of Cu in a contaminated soil from a site formerly used for wood preservation. To assess Cu mobility, amended soils were analysed using leaching tests pre- and post-incubation, and post-growth. Amended and unamended soils were planted with sunflower, and the resulting plant material was assessed for yield and Cu concentration. All amendments significantly reduced leachable Cu compared to the unamended soil, however, the greatest reductions in leachable Cu were associated with the higher biochar application rate. The greatest improvements in plant yields were obtained with the higher application rate of biochar in combination with compost. The results suggest joint biochar and compost amendment reduces Cu mobility and can support biomass production on Cu-contaminated soils.


Assuntos
Carvão Vegetal/química , Cobre/análise , Helianthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Biomassa , Oligoelementos/análise , Madeira/química
2.
Bioresour Technol ; 159: 104-11, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24632632

RESUMO

The utility of pyrolytic carbons is closely related to their porosity and surface area, there is a clear benefit to the development of biomass pyrolysis processes which produce highly porous carbons. The results presented in this work demonstrate that by using biomass precursors with high inorganic content along with specified process conditions, carbons can be consistently produced with specific surface areas between 900 and 1600 m(2)/g. Results from 12 different source materials show that the formation of increased porosity in pyrolytic carbons is strongly associated with the presence of inorganic elements in the precursors including: magnesium, potassium and sulfur. It was found that pyrolysis of macro-algae can produce especially high specific surface area carbons (mean: 1500 m(2)/g), without externally applied activating agents. Using cheap readily available agricultural residues such as oilseed rape straw, pyrolytic carbons can be produced with specific surface areas of around 950 m(2)/g.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Biotecnologia/métodos , Compostos Inorgânicos/química , Temperatura , Carbono/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Porosidade , Difração de Raios X
4.
Environ Pollut ; 178: 361-6, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23603665

RESUMO

Sites contaminated with mixtures of metals, metalloids and organics are difficult to remediate as each contaminant type may require a different treatment. Biochar, with high metal sorption capacity, used singly and in combination with iron filings, is investigated in microcosm trials to immobilise metal(loid)s within a contaminated spoil, thereby enabling revegetation and degradation of organic pollutants. A mine spoil, contaminated with heavy metals, arsenic and spiked with phenanthrene was treated with either 1%w/w biochar, 5%w/w iron or their combination, enhancing phenanthrene degradation by 44-65%. Biochar treatment reduced Cu leaching and enabled sunflower growth, but had no significant effect on As mobility. Iron treatment reduced Cu and As leaching but negatively impacted soil structure and released high levels of Fe causing sunflower plant mortality. The combined treatment reduced both Cu and As leaching and enabled sunflower growth suggesting this could be a useful approach for treating co-contaminated sites.


Assuntos
Arsênio/química , Carvão Vegetal/química , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/métodos , Metais Pesados/química , Fenantrenos/química , Poluentes do Solo/química , Ferro/química , Mineração , Solo/química
5.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 69(7): 4316-9, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12839822

RESUMO

Survival of Mycobacterium bovis after ingestion by protozoa would provide an environmental reservoir for infection of cattle. We have shown that M. bovis survived ingestion by Acanthamoeba castellanii. In contrast, two strains of M. bovis BCG did not survive well within Acanthamoeba.


Assuntos
Acanthamoeba/microbiologia , Mycobacterium bovis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mycobacterium bovis/patogenicidade , Acanthamoeba/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Meios de Cultura , Microscopia Eletrônica
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