[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. A case report and review of the literature]. / Fístula arteriovenosa pulmonar. Relato de caso e revisão da literatura.

The aim of this paper is to review clinical and laboratory features of this unusual pathology and its complications, indicating transcatheter embolization as a first choice for its management. Our case report is of a seven year-old child, with complex pulmonary arteriovenous fistula of the anterior segment of right superior lobe, which was diagnosed mainly by cintilography and pulmonary angiogram. Clinically she had cyanosis, fatigue with exertion, clubbing of the fingers and polycythemia with low partial pressure of oxygen (PAO2: 68.1 mmHg; Sat O2: 92.4%; Hct: 47.5%; Hb: 16 gr%). She did not have Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. The anatomic structure and localization of the complex fistula was showed by cineangiographic study. We preferred to manage this fistula with transcatheter embolization with a 02 gauge stainless steel coil occluding device (Gianturco-Wallace), as it was single and the patient was too young for sustain surgical trauma and the outcome would be positively satisfactory. After the embolization cyanosis was relieved and we could see normal pulmonary circulation following the point of the pre-existing fistula. We concluded that a judicious assessment by cineangiography could help select the transcatheter embolization procedure as an attractive therapeutic approach instead of surgery.