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1.
Am J Transplant ; 16(7): 1967-72, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26842128

RESUMO

Many physicians and patients do not realize that it is legally and medically possible to donate organs after euthanasia. The combination of euthanasia and organ donation is not a common practice, often limited by the patient's underlying pathology, but nevertheless has been performed >40 times in Belgium and the Netherlands since 2005. In anticipation of patients' requests for organ donation after euthanasia and contributing to awareness of the possibility of this combination among general practitioners and medical specialists, the Maastricht University Medical Center and the Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam have developed a multidisciplinary practical manual in which the organizational steps regarding this combined procedure are described and explained. This practical manual lists the various criteria to fulfill and the rules and regulations the different stakeholders involved need to comply with to meet all due diligence requirements. Although an ethicist was involved in writing this paper, this report is not specifically meant to comprehensively address the ethical issues surrounding the topic. This paper is focused on the operational aspects of the protocol.


Assuntos
Transplante de Órgãos/normas , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/normas , Eutanásia/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Países Baixos , Doadores de Tecidos
2.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom ; 29(4): 311-21, 2015 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26406342

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Research using water with enriched levels of the rare stable isotopes of hydrogen and/or oxygen requires well-characterized enriched reference waters. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) did have such reference waters available, but these are now exhausted. New reference waters thus had to be produced in sufficient quantity, and higher characterization quality was desired. METHODS: The reference waters have been prepared gravimetrically from three parent waters: natural water, pure (2) H water and highly (18) O-enriched water. These parent waters have been thoroughly assessed for their full isotopic compositions. To ensure the integrity and correctness of the gravimetric procedure, validation measurements have been carried out on the isotopic composition of the produced reference waters by two of our laboratories. These measurements corroborate the values obtained on the basis of gravimetric data. RESULTS: Two new sets of three reference waters enriched in the stable isotopes have been produced and certified: one set of singly labeled waters, only enriched in (2) H, and another set of Doubly Labeled Waters, enriched in both (2) H and (18) O. They cover δ(2) H and δ(18) O values in the range of 800-16000 ‰ and 100-2000 ‰, respectively. The process has led to highly accurate isotopic values for these waters. CONCLUSIONS: These reference waters are now available (called IAEA-604 to IAEA-609). They will be valuable as reference materials for all fields using isotope labeling of water, most prominently, but not exclusively, biomedical research (body composition analyses, metabolic rate measurements). The two waters with the lowest enrichments will also be useful as anchor values for isotope measurements around the natural range.


Assuntos
Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Água/química , Deutério/análise , Espectrometria de Massas/normas , Isótopos de Oxigênio/análise , Padrões de Referência
3.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 22(2): 171-7, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24333296

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mediating role of reduced muscle strength in the relationship between avoidance of activity and limitations in activities in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study with 5 years follow-up was conducted. Patients with knee or hip OA (n = 288) were recruited at rehabilitation centers and hospitals. Self-reported and performance based limitations in activities, avoidance of activity and muscle strength were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years follow-up. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analyses were used to evaluate mediation. RESULTS: In patients with knee OA, reduced knee extensor muscle strength mediated the relationship between avoidance of activity and limitations in activities. In patients with hip OA reduced hip abductor muscle strength mediates the relationship between avoidance of activity and limitations in activities. CONCLUSION: The results of this longitudinal study support the theory that avoidance of activity leads to deterioration of muscle strength and consequently to more limitations in activities in patients with knee and hip OA.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Osteoartrite do Quadril/reabilitação , Osteoartrite do Joelho/reabilitação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Debilidade Muscular/etiologia , Debilidade Muscular/fisiopatologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Osteoartrite do Quadril/complicações , Osteoartrite do Quadril/fisiopatologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/complicações , Osteoartrite do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Dor/etiologia , Autorrelato
4.
Radiography (Lond) ; 30(2): 468-473, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38215682

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Patients suffering from head and neck (HN) cancer undergoing Radiotherapy (RT) suffer from various debilitating side effects that greatly hinder their eating ability. This leads to patients having a poor nutritional status causing weight loss. This study aimed to assess if an e-Delphi method variation allowed efficiently developing dietary advice leaflets addressing these side effects and achieving a consensus among healthcare professionals. METHODS: An e-Delphi style approach was used. Six participants representing the professions working with HN patients were asked to give feedback on four symptom-specific dietary leaflets. These leaflets were designed based on a previous extensive literature review. After each round, the participants' suggested changes were applied. Before applying major changes to the leaflet, the participants were asked to vote if they agreed with each major change. RESULTS: Overall consensus was reached after three rounds since all participants voted "highly likely" to use it in their clinical practice. Most suggestions by the participants agreed with the existing literature. The only change (accepted as a result of voting) that contradicted the literature was concerning sugar intake. CONCLUSION: The participants reached consensus and developed leaflets that were based on literature recommendations for use for patients that, in their opinion, were acceptable for clinical use. This e-Delphi variation proved to be efficient to achieve consensus among healthcare professionals regarding patient information tools. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This eDelphi method is an efficient and effective way to revise and achieve consensus regarding the development of patient information material.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Humanos , Consenso , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia
5.
J Neurol Sci ; 462: 123102, 2024 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38925067

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wearing-off symptoms during natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis are characterized by an increase of MS-related symptoms prior to natalizumab administration. The influence of extended interval dosing (EID) on wearing-off symptoms are important to consider, as this might cause hesitancy in initiating or continuing EID. METHODS: Participants of the NEXT-MS trial, in which treatment intervals are adjusted based on drug concentrations, were divided into two groups: an extended group containing participants with at least one week of additional interval extension, and a group with a fixed interval during the trial (range 4-7 weeks). Changes in the occurrence, frequency, onset, and severity of wearing-off symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS: 255 participants were included (extended group n = 171, fixed group n = 84). The odds on occurrence of wearing-off symptoms in the extended group did not increase after extending the treatment interval. Additional analyses for frequency, onset, and severity of wearing-off symptoms showed no changes over time. Mean decrease in natalizumab drug concentration did not influence the frequency of wearing-off symptoms. DISCUSSION: Wearing-off symptoms were not reinforced by further extending the natalizumab interval. Wearing-off symptoms might increase in a minority of patients after EID, although our data support the view that wearing-off symptoms appear to be unrelated to the decrease in natalizumab trough drug concentrations.


Assuntos
Fatores Imunológicos , Natalizumab , Humanos , Natalizumab/administração & dosagem , Natalizumab/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Esquema de Medicação , Resultado do Tratamento , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico
6.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom ; 27(9): 1055-66, 2013 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23592209

RESUMO

RATIONALE: The Doubly Labelled Water (DLW) method is an established way of determining the metabolic rate in humans and animals, with the advantage that the subjects need not be confined. The method, however, needs accurate determination of both the δ(2)H and the δ(18)O isotope values over a wide range of enrichments. METHODS: In this paper we describe a number of crucial steps in the process of isotope determination in body fluids. These steps include micro-distillation, correction of the measurements for sample-to-sample memory and calibration of the isotope scales over many orders of magnitudes. In contrast to several published protocols and guidelines, we also take highly enriched samples into account, as they are required for studying the metabolic rate of birds and small mammals. For our isotope scale calibration, we made a set of gravimetrically prepared, double labelled waters with known isotope values. Our quality assurance includes a scheme for easy calculation of the error propagation, leading to a reliable estimate of the analytical error in the metabolic rate. RESULTS: Our memory correction algorithm assumes the existence of three water "pools" that have different sizes and exchange rates with the injected samples. We show that the method can correct even huge memory signals, without the need for "true" values. CONCLUSIONS: With the presented building blocks, we show how to assure a reliable and accurate isotope analysis for the DLW method, both for human and for animal applications. Although our measurements have been performed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, most of the procedures are also useful for laser spectrometry.


Assuntos
Deutério/análise , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Isótopos de Oxigênio/análise , Água/metabolismo , Algoritmos , Animais , Deutério/metabolismo , Humanos , Isótopos de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Água/análise
7.
IBRO Neurosci Rep ; 15: 50-56, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37415729

RESUMO

The sub-diaphragmatic vagus innervates various organs involved in the control of glucose homeostasis including the liver, pancreas and the intestines. In the current study, we investigated the effect of acute electrical stimulation of the anterior trunk of the sub-diaphragmatic vagus on glucose fluxes in anaesthetized adult male rats. After overnight fast, rats underwent either vagus nerve stimulation (VNS+, n = 11; rectangular pulses at 5 Hz, 1.5 mA, 1 msec pulse width) or sham stimulation (VNS-; n = 11) for 120 min under isoflurane anesthesia. Before stimulation, the rats received an i.v. bolus of 1 mL/kg of a sterilized aqueous solution containing 125 mg/mL of D-[6,6-2H2] glucose. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and glucose clearance rate (GCR) were calculated by kinetic analysis from the wash-out of injected D-[6,6-2H2]glucose from the circulation. VNS+ resulted in lower glucose levels compared to the VNS- group (p < 0.05), with similar insulin levels. EGP was similar in both groups, but the GCR was higher in the VNS+ group compared to the VNS- group (p < 0.001). Circulating levels of the sympathetic transmitter norepinephrine were reduced by VNS+ relative to VNS- treatment (p < 0.01). It is concluded that acute anterior sub-diaphragmatic VNS causes stimulation of peripheral glucose uptake, while plasma insulin levels remained similar, and this is associated with lower activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

8.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 25(5): 715-726, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37186018

RESUMO

Peatland degradation through drainage and peat extraction have detrimental environmental and societal consequences. Rewetting is an option to restore lost ecosystem functions, such as carbon storage, biodiversity and nutrient sequestration. Peat mosses (Sphagnum) are the most important peat-forming species in bogs. Most Sphagnum species occur in nutrient-poor habitats; however, high growth rates have been reported in artificial nutrient-rich conditions with optimal water supply. Here, we demonstrate the differences in nutrient dynamics of 12 Sphagnum species during their establishment in a 1-year field experiment at a Sphagnum paludiculture area in Germany. The 12 species are categorized into three groups (slower-, medium- and fast-growing). Establishment of peat mosses is facilitated by constant supply of nutrient-rich, low pH, and low alkalinity surface water. Our study shows that slower-growing species (S. papillosum, S. magellancium, S. fuscum, S. rubellum, S. austinii; often forming hummocks) displayed signs of nutrient imbalance. These species accumulated higher amounts of N, P, K and Ca in their capitula, and had an elevated stem N:K quotient (>3). Additionally, this group sequestered less C and K per m2 than the fast and medium-growing species (S. denticulatum, S. fallax, S. riparium, S. fimbriatum, S. squarrosum, S. palustre, S. centrale). Lower lawn thickness may have amplified negative effects of flooding in the slower-growing species. We conclude that nutrient dynamics and carbon/nutrient sequestration rates are species-specific. For bog restoration, generating ecosystem services or choosing suitable donor material for Sphagnum paludiculture, it is crucial to consider their compatibility with prevailing environmental conditions.


Assuntos
Sphagnopsida , Áreas Alagadas , Ecossistema , Solo , Nutrientes , Carbono/metabolismo
10.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 20(6): 503-10, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22330176

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the course of limitations in activities over 5 years follow-up and identify predictors of future limitations in activities in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee with moderate functional limitations. METHOD: A longitudinal cohort study with 5 years follow-up was conducted. Patients (n=288) were recruited at rehabilitation centers and hospitals. The main outcome measures were self-reported and performance-based limitations in activities. Prognostic factors were demographic and clinical data, body functions, comorbidity, cognitive functioning, avoidance of activity and social support. Measurements were conducted at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years follow-up. RESULTS: Both in patients with knee and hip OA, the course of limitations in activities remained fairly stable over a period of 5 years. Avoidance of activity, increased pain, more comorbidity, a higher age, a longer disease duration, a reduced muscle strength and range of joint motion at baseline predicted more future limitations in activities in patients with knee OA. In patients with hip OA, avoidance of activity, increased pain, more comorbidity, a higher age, a higher educational level and a reduced range of motion at baseline predicted more future limitations in activities. CONCLUSIONS: The course of limitations in activities remains fairly stable over a period of 5 years in elderly patients with hip or knee OA. However, at individual level there is considerable variation. Predictors of more future limitations in activities include avoidance of activity, increased pain, higher morbidity count, reduced range of motion, and a higher age.


Assuntos
Osteoartrite do Quadril/fisiopatologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cognição , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Articulação do Quadril/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Osteoartrite do Quadril/psicologia , Osteoartrite do Quadril/reabilitação , Osteoartrite do Joelho/psicologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/reabilitação , Dor/etiologia , Prognóstico , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Apoio Social
11.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 24(5): 780-790, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35340103

RESUMO

Growth and functioning of Sphagnum mosses are closely linked to water level and chemistry. Sphagnum mosses occur in wet, generally acidic conditions, and when buffered, alkaline water is known to negatively impact Sphagnum. The effects of time, dose and species-specific responses of buffered, alkaline water on Sphagnum are largely unknown. We investigated the effects of bicarbonate and calcium on the survival, growth and physiological functioning of seven Sphagnum species occurring in contrasting environments, from raised bogs to (rich) fens. Mosses were submerged in different concentrations of bicarbonate and calcium solutions for 10 weeks under climate-controlled circumstances. After 2 weeks, all species exposed to the high bicarbonate treatment (2.0 mM) showed severe potassium leakage and swift discoloration. In contrast, species showed differential responses to the intermediate bicarbonate treatment (0.8 mM), some with a later onset of potassium leakage. S. squarrosum, S. teres & S. contortum generally persisted the longest, with all species dying after 6 to 10 weeks. Calcium alone, in contrast, negatively affected S. squarrosum, S. teres & S. contortum, causing discoloration and potassium leakage. Our study shows enrichment with bicarbonate, but not calcium, is detrimental for most Sphagnum species tested. A mechanistic model was developed that is consistent with dose and duration dependence and the species specificity. Future conservation and restoration measures for Sphagnum-dominated habitats and Sphagnum farming (cultivation, production and harvest of Sphagnum moss biomass) should limit flooding with bicarbonate-rich waters while investigating new management options, like acidifying surface waters to lower bicarbonate levels.


Assuntos
Sphagnopsida , Bicarbonatos , Ecossistema , Potássio , Água
12.
Horm Metab Res ; 43(13): 938-43, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22109679

RESUMO

Maternal factors can have major imprinting effects on homeostatic mechanisms in the developing fetus and newborn. Here we studied whether supplemented perinatal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence energy balance and fuel homeostasis later in life. Between day 10 after conception and day 10 after delivery, female rats were subjected to chow enriched with 10% fish-oil (FO-rich). Fish oil contains high concentrations of n-3 biosynthesis endpoint products, which may have caused the increased membrane phospholipid incorporation (particularly derived from the long-chain 20 +:n-3 PUFAs) in 10-day old pup brains. Adult male offspring of FO-rich fed rats had reduced body weight (- 20%) at 3 months, and had lower levels of plasma leptin (- 54%), insulin (- 41%), triglycerides (- 65%), and lactate (- 46%) than controls. All differences between groups were lost 48 h after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. At 4.5 months of age, body weights of FO-rich were still lower (- 6%) than controls, but were associated with increased food intake, and increased insulin sensitivity (following intraperitoneal injection) to lower blood glucose levels relative to controls. We concluded that perinatal FO supplementation has lasting effects on body weight homeostasis and fuel metabolism in male offspring, but does not offer resistance against STZ-induced diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Resistência à Insulina , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais Recém-Nascidos/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
13.
Epidemiol Infect ; 139(3): 453-63, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20492742

RESUMO

Although norovirus infection is generally known to be a mild disease, there is some evidence for severe outcome. An outbreak in a Dutch psychiatric institution, originating from pilgrims returning from Lourdes (France), provided an opportunity for performing a retrospective cohort study in order to identify risk factors for norovirus disease and excess mortality. Relative risks (RR) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) showed that attending the pilgrimage (RR 2·0, 95% CI 1·4-3·0) and age >70 (RR 1·7, 95% CI 1·2-2·2) were risk factors for symptomatic infection. In a subset of patients, for whom more detailed information was available, the use of statins was associated with norovirus disease when adjusted for underlying condition (adjusted odds ratio 3·9, 95% CI 1·2-13·0). Mortality was higher in cases infected during the pilgrimage compared to other residents (RR 20·9, 95% CI 4·7-93·8). Norovirus disease can lead to severe outcome. The newly identified risk of statins for contracting norovirus disease may have considerable consequences for the Western world and needs prospective confirmation.


Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/mortalidade , Surtos de Doenças , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , França , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Países Baixos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Viagem
14.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 34(2): 374-84, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19844210

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antiobesity effects of suppressed endocannabinoid signaling may rely, at least in part, on changes in lipid fluxes. As fatty acids exert specific effects depending on their level of saturation, we hypothesized that the dietary fatty acid composition would influence the outcome of treatment with a CB(1)-receptor antagonist (rimonabant). METHODS: Mice were treated with rimonabant (10 mg kg(-1) body weight per day) or vehicle while equicalorically fed either a low-fat diet (LF), a high-fat (HF) diet or an HF diet in which 10% of the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were replaced by poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil (FO). Food intake and body weight were registered daily. Indirect calorimetry was performed and feces were collected. After 3 weeks, mice were killed for blood and tissue collection. RESULTS: Relative to the LF diet, the HF diet caused anticipated metabolic derangements, which were partly reversed by the HF/FO diet. The HF/FO diet, however, was most obesity-promoting despite inhibiting lipogenesis as indicated by low gene expression levels of lipogenic enzymes. On all three diets, rimonabant treatment improved metabolic derangements and led to significantly lower body weight gain than their respective controls. This latter effect appeared largest in the HF/FO group, but occurred without major changes in nutrient absorption and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: The effects of chronic rimonabant treatment on body weight gain occurred irrespective of diet-induced changes in lipogenic activity, food intake and daily energy expenditure, and were, in fact, most pronounced in HF/FO mice. The effects of dietary PUFA replacement in an HF diet on expansion of adipose tissue might allow the favorable effects of dietary PUFA on dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. In light of other disadvantageous effects of weight gain, this might be a risky trade-off.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Óleos de Peixe/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Piperidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Animais , Canabinoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/genética , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Rimonabanto
15.
Behav Genet ; 40(4): 542-50, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20369280

RESUMO

Voluntary physical activity may be related to personality traits. Here, we investigated these relations in two mouse lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior and in one non-selected control line. Selection lines were more explorative and "information gathering" in the open-field test, either with increased upright positions or horizontal locomotion toward the middle ring. Furthermore, one of the selection lines had an increased risk-taking behavior relative to the control line in approaching a novel object placed in the center of the open field. However, anxiety behavior was increased in selection lines during the plus-maze test. Maze learning was not statistically different among lines, but routine behavior was increased in both selection lines when the maze exit after 2 days of testing was displaced. Specifically, in the displaced maze, selected mice traveled more frequently to the old, habituated exit, bypassing the new exit attached to their home cage. Although the generality of the results would need to be confirmed in future studies including all eight lines in the selection experiment, the increased routine and exploratory behavior (at least in the lines used in the present study) may be adaptive to sustain high activity levels.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Seleção Genética , Animais , Animais não Endogâmicos , Ansiedade , Cruzamento/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos/genética , Modelos Animais , Assunção de Riscos
16.
Physiol Behav ; 219: 112844, 2020 05 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32081815

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ileal Transposition (IT) was developed as a model to study body weight reduction without the restrictive or malabsorptive aspects of other bariatric surgeries, but the exact mechanisms of the alterations in body weight after IT are not completely understood. OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed description of the surgical procedure of IT, and describe its effect on energy balance parameters. METHODS: Adult male Lewis rats underwent either IT (IT+) or sham (IT-) surgery. Following surgery body weight and energy intake were monitored. After attaining weight stability (> 30 days), energy expenditure and its components were assessed using indirect calorimetry at a day of fasting, limited intake, and ad libitum intake. At the end of the study body composition analysis was performed. RESULTS: IT+ resulted in transiently reduced energy intake, increased ingestion-related energy expenditure (IEE) and decreased body and adipose tissue weight when compared to IT-. At weight stability, neither energy budget (i.e., energy intake - energy expenditure), nor energy efficiency was different in IT+ rats compared to IT-. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the primary cause of weight reduction following IT+ is a transient reduction in energy intake. If the increased IEE is related to a higher level of satiety, compensatory feeding to bridge body weight difference between IT+ and IT- rats is less likely to occur.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Tecido Adiposo , Animais , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ingestão de Energia , Metabolismo Energético , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew
17.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 33(1): 104-14, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19002145

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Excessive gestational body weight gain of mothers may predispose offspring towards obesity and metabolic derangements. It is difficult to discern the effects of maternal obesogenic factors-such as diet and/or thrifty genetic predisposition-from gestational weight gain per se. METHODS: For this reason, genetically normal Wistar rats that were fed regular chow were rendered hypothalamically obese by chronic third-cerebral ventricular (i3vt) infusion during pregnancy and lactation with the melanocortin-3,4 receptor blocker SHU9119. This procedure caused significant increases in body weight gain during pregnancy and lactation compared with controls, and the effects thereof on offspring energy balance and fuel homeostasis were investigated. RESULTS: At birth, litter weight and size, but not individual pup weight, of SHU9119-treated mothers were significantly smaller than controls. In litters culled to eight, pup weight gain during lactation was only transiently increased by treatment. After weaning, however, male offspring of SHU9119-treated mothers became increasingly heavier over time relative to controls until killing at 9 months. This effect was only transient in females. Increased body weights of males were not associated with disturbances in glucose homeostasis, but with increased energy expenditure instead. Multiple regression analysis revealed that gestational body weight gain, irrespective of the group, contributed positively to increased visceral fat deposition and carbohydrate oxidation in the male offspring. In contrast, the pre-pregnancy body weight of mothers contributed positively to male offspring daily energy expenditure, subcutaneous fat and eviscerated carcass as well as structural organ weights. In female offspring, gestational body weight gain, but not pre-gestational body weight, contributed both to aspects of weight gain as well as to the shift of fat oxidation toward carbohydrate oxidation. CONCLUSION: Gestational weight gain induced by low brain melanocortin receptor activity can lead to increased body weight gain in the offspring (particularly in males) independent of obesogenic dietary and/or thrifty genetic predisposition.


Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Melanocortinas/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , Animais , Feminino , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Masculino , Hormônios Estimuladores de Melanócitos , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Melanocortina/metabolismo , Fatores Sexuais
19.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 32(10): 1566-75, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18725891

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Increased dietary fat intake is a precipitating factor for the development of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Physically active individuals generally have a reduced risk of developing these unhealthy states, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) on obesity development and fuel homeostasis in male and female mice with a trait for increased physical activity and in their controls. METHODS: Male and female mice selectively bred for a high level of wheel running behavior over 30 generations and nonselected controls (background strain Hsd:ICR) were maintained on a standard lab chow high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) or on an HFD (60% fat). Food intake, body weight, indirect calorimetry parameters, spontaneous locomotor activity and several hormones relevant to metabolism and energy balance were measured. RESULTS: On HFD, mice reduced food intake and increased body fat mass and plasma leptin levels, with the notable exception of the selected females, which increased their ingested calories without any effects on body mass or plasma leptin levels. In addition, they had an elevated daily energy expenditure (DEE), increased spontaneous cage activity ( approximately 700% relative to controls) and higher resting metabolic rate (RMR) on the HFD compared with feeding the HCD. The selected males also had a higher DEE compared with controls, but no interaction with diet was observed. On HCD, adiponectin levels were higher in selected male, but not female, mice relative to controls. A marked increase in the level of plasma adiponectin was observed on the HFD in selected females, an effect of diet that was not observed in selected males. CONCLUSION: Genetically based high locomotor activity renders female, but not male, mice resistant to HFD-induced obesity by alterations in behavioral, endocrine and metabolic traits that facilitate fat utilization rather than limiting HFD intake.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/etiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Adipocinas/metabolismo , Adiposidade , Animais , Composição Corporal , Calorimetria , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Homeostase , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Consumo de Oxigênio , Tironinas/metabolismo
20.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 52(7): 1006-11, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18494846

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) often have disturbed autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. A reduction in systemic blood pressure during surgery may therefore lead to delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). To assess the incidence and severity of intra-operative hypotension, we performed a retrospective cohort study in 164 patients with recent SAH and surgical clipping of the aneurysm. METHODS: Intra-operative hypotension was defined in three levels of severity, as a decrease in mean arterial pressure (DeltaMAP) of more than 30%, 40% or 50% compared with the pre-operative pressure. For each patient the total amount of time with intra-operative hypotension was retrieved. Logistic regression analysis was performed to study the relation between intra-operative hypotension and the occurrence of DCI and poor outcome. RESULTS: A period with DeltaMAP>30% occurred in 128 patients (78%) with a median duration of this period of 105 min (25-75 per thousand 50-171 min). DeltaMAP>40% occurred in 88 patients (54%) and DeltaMAP>50% occurred in 22 patients (13%). In univariate analysis, DeltaMAP>50% was associated with poor outcome. After adjusting for age and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade, the association with poor outcome was no longer statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) 1.018; 95% CI 0.996-1.041]. CONCLUSION: Hypotension during surgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms occurred frequently. In our study population of patients mostly in good clinical condition, hypotension was not confirmed as an independent risk factor for DCI or poor outcome. Anaesthesia may have had a cerebral protective effect.


Assuntos
Anestesia/métodos , Hipotensão/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Anestesia/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Intravenosos/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Intravenosos/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/efeitos adversos , Atracúrio/administração & dosagem , Atracúrio/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Etomidato/administração & dosagem , Etomidato/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Fármacos Neuromusculares não Despolarizantes/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuromusculares não Despolarizantes/efeitos adversos , Razão de Chances , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Propofol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sufentanil/administração & dosagem , Sufentanil/efeitos adversos
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