Obesity and tooth wear among American adults: the role of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks.

BACKGROUND: To explore the association between obesity and tooth wear among American adults and the role of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks consumption in explaining that association. METHODS: We analyzed data from 3541 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obesity was determined using the body mass index and tooth wear was assessed using the modified tooth wear index. Daily intake of four categories of drinks was estimated as the average (drinks/day) of two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The association between obesity and number of surfaces with moderate-to-severe tooth wear was assessed in hurdle models adjusting for sociodemographic factors, acid reflux medication, and dental insurance. RESULTS: Overweight and obese adults had more surfaces with moderate-to-severe tooth wear than those with normal body size, after adjusting for confounders. The consumption of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks explained part, but not all the above association. More specifically, the estimate for obesity was fully attenuated, whereas the estimate for overweight was slightly attenuated but remained significant. CONCLUSION: Obesity was positively associated with tooth wear in American adults. This association was only partially accounted for by the consumption of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks, a common risk factor for both conditions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists must be aware of the health consequences of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks and advocate for reduction in consumption and/or substitution with healthier alternatives.

Microhardness Evaluation of Microhybrid Versus Nanofilled Resin Composite After Exposure to Acidic Drinks.

Objective: To investigate the effect of two acidic agents on microhardness of nanofilled and microhybrid resin composite materials. Materials and Methods: 70 resin composite discs (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thick) were prepared from 2 resin composites (35 from each type), nanofilled (Z350XT) and microhybrid (Z250), 3M/ESPE. Ten discs (5 from each group) were used as control (tested at 1 h before immersion). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to the storage media: distilled water (control), box-type cola and orange juice. Each subgroup was further subdivided into 2 divisions (n = 5) according to microhardness testing at 24 h and 7days after immersions. Digital Vickers Microhardness Tester (FM-7, Future Tech, Tokyo, Japan) was used to measure surface microhardness with a Vickers diamond indenter. The surface of the specimens received a load of 200 g for 10 seconds. Three indentations not less than 1 mm from each other were placed on the surface of all specimens. Vickers hardness number (VHN) was calculated for each indentation Data were statistically analyzed using one- way ANOVA followed by Newman-keuls tests (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Orange juice showed statistically significantly the lowest VHN mean value (92.7) followed by the Cola group (95.15) then the water group (104.02) compared to the control group (117.4). Microhybrid composite groups showed statistically significant higher VHN mean value (108.1) than the nanofilled composite (100.2). The 7days groups showed statistically significant lower VHN mean value (97.3) than 24h groups (106.6). Conclusions: All storage media reduced hardness of resin composites with orange juice showing the highest reduction in hardness values. Microhybrid is more resistant to degradation than nanofilled composite. Over time, microhardness of resin composites decreased progressively.

Submaxillary Mucin: its Effect on Aroma Release from Acidic Drinks and New Insight into the Effect of Aroma Compounds on its Macromolecular Integrity.

Submaxillary mucin is a major component that defines the makeup and functionality of saliva. Understanding its structure and function during food intake is key to designing appropriate strategies for enhancing the delivery of flavour. In the present study, the hydrodynamic integrity of bovine submaxillary mucin was characterised under physiological and acidic conditions and it was shown to have a broad molecular weight distribution with species ranging from 100 kDa to over 2000 kDa, and a random coil type of conformation. A decrease in the pH of mucin appeared to result in aggregation and a broader molecular weight distribution, which was shown to correlate with a release of flavour compounds. Our study also provides indications that p-cresol may have an effect on the macromolecular integrity of mucin.

Esthetic restorative materials and glass ionomer cements: Influence of acidic drink exposure on bacterial adhesion.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare bacterial adhesion on five esthetic restorative materials, three glass ionomer cements (GIC), and two GIC with coat. All the materials were considered after acidic drink exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cylindrical sample of each of the 10 materials were prepared and then divided into three groups: group 1 (baseline), Group 2 (1 day in acidic soft drink), and Group 3 (7 days in acidic soft drink). Bacterial suspension of Streptococcus mutans was cultured and deposited onto each material, and the adhesion was evaluated through the colony-forming units determination. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc tests were applied to estimate significant differences between the esthetic materials. RESULTS: The highest amount of S. mutans was recorded in Group 3 and the lowest in Group 1 (baseline). In general, the GIC showed bacterial adhesion values higher than the ones related to composites both in Group 2 than in Group 3. Acidic soft drinks lead a time-dependent degradation of restorative materials causing an increase of the surface rugosity. In fact, a general increase in S. mutans cells adhesion to treated samples was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of acidic soft drink resulted in a degradation of the surface layer of the restorative material with consequent increase of bacterial adhesion. The GIC can be considered a more friendly environment for bacterial adhesion. This is true in particular if acid substances have already deteriorated the surface.

New animal model of extrinsic dental erosion-Erosive effect on the mouse molar teeth.

OBJECTIVE: Consumption of acidic food and drinks is considered as important risk factor for development of dental erosion. There are several in vitro and in situ studies focusing on the risk indicators and preventive treatment, however, the need for a standardized animal model has been emphasised for many years. The aim was to establish an animal model of extrinsic dental erosion, which may serve as a standard for future studies to improve our understanding of the erosion. DESIGN: Two acidic drinks, sports drink and cola drink, were given to young mice for six weeks. Experimental and control (water) molars and incisors were dissected out and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mandibular first molars were subsequently ground transversely and observed again by SEM. The tooth height and enamel thickness were measured on the SEM images. RESULTS: The lingual surface of the mandibular molars was most eroded after consumption of acidic drinks. The cola drink exhibited higher erosive effect on mandibular molars compared to sports drink. The lingual tooth height, compared to control, was about 34% and 18% lower in the cola drink and sports drink molars, respectively. Compared to the control molars, the lingual enamel was about 23% thinner in the sports drink molars and totally eroded on the certain lingual areas of the cola drink molars. CONCLUSIONS: This new animal model of extrinsic dental erosion and the presented method with ground molars observed in SEM are suitable for further studies, which will gain deeper insights into the erosive disease.

Possible ways of reducing dental erosive potential of acidic beverages.

Frequent consumption of acidic beverages is related to excessive tooth wear, namely dental erosion. Preventive measures may involve reduction or elimination of acidic drink consumption. However, the success of this approach is difficult to achieve as it is highly dependent on patient compliance. Therefore, a practical way of minimizing the erosive potential of popular acidic drinks may be their chemical modification. The aim of this article was to review the different methods of modification and their shortcomings. The available literature demonstrates that the erosive potential of most acidic beverages could be reduced. To date, the effectiveness of soluble calcium salts supplementation is the best established. However, modification can reduce the sensorial quality of the drink and shorten its shelf-life. There is also a need to evaluate the lowest effective and safe dose of the additive.

Comparação in vitro do efeito de bebidas ácidas no desenvolvimento da erosão dental: análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura / Comparison in vitro of the effect of acidic drinks in the development of dental erosion: analysis by scanning electron microscopy

O consumo regular de bebida ácida tem sido associado com o aumento da incidência de erosão dental, o que pode levar a graves conseqüências para a saúde bucal pela perda de tecido mineralizado, resultando em sensibilidade, dor e má aparência. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a importância do pH da dieta líquida industrializada na etiologia das lesões de erosão dental, bem como avaliar, in vitro, a influência do refrigerante de limão (Soda limonada®), do suco à base de soja sabor laranja (Ades®), da bebida isotônica sabor tangerina (Gatorade®) e do refrigerante de Cola (Coca-cola®) empregadas rotineiramente na alimentação de alunos em idade escolar, em função do tempo de exposição. Para este estudo foram utilizadas cinco coroas de incisivos e molares permanentes humanos livres de trincas e/ou fraturas, extraídos na Clínica de Cirurgia do Centro Universitário do Triangulo (UNITRI). Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos, sendo o pH das bebidas aferido por meio de um pH-metro, imediatamente após a abertura de cada frasco de bebida industrializada. Os ciclos de imersão foram realizados sob agitação, durante cinco minutos, três vezes ao dia, com intervalos de quatro horas, durante 30 dias. Todas as coroas de incisivos e molares submetidos ao protocolo foram observadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e após análise concluiu-se que as quatro bebidas avaliadas apresentaram potencial erosivo, sendo que o refrigerante à base de cola alterou o esmalte de forma mais intensa seguido pelo refrigerante de limão, bebida isotônica e suco à base de soja.

Regular consumption of acidic drinks has been associated with increased incidence of dental erosion, which can lead to serious consequences for oral health for the loss of mineralized tissue, resulting in tenderness, pain and poor appearance. The goal of present work was to study the importance of the pH of the liquid diet industrialized in the etiology of dental erosion and to evaluate in vitro the influence of soda lime (Soda limonada ®), juice soy orange flavor (Ades ®), the tangerine flavor sports drink (Gatorade ®) and soda Cola (Coca-Cola ®) routinely used in the feeding of school-age students, depending on the time of exposure. For this study we used five crowns of incisors and molars human free of cracks and/or fractures, extracted in the Surgery Clinic of the University Center of the Triangle (UNITRI). The specimens were randomly divided into five groups, with the pH of the beverages was measured using a pH meter immediately after the opening of each bottle of liquor industrialized. The cycles of immersion were carried out under agitation for five minutes, three times daily at intervals of four hours for 30 days. All the crowns of incisors and molars submitted to the protocol were observed by scanning electron microscopy and after consideration it was concluded that the four drinks had evaluated potential erosion, and the refrigerant-based cola changed the enamel more intensely followed by soda lemon, juice and sports drink soy

The determinants and control of soft drinks-incited dental erosion / Determinantes e controle da erosão dental induzida por refrigerantes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper has been to review the past and current literature on the determinants and control of soft drinks-incited dental erosion. METHODS: The authors used Medline to find relevant literature published until March 2009. Abstracts and full articles were read to identify studies and reviews describing various modifying factors and determinants of dental erosion. Additional information was obtained using manual library search. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Excessive exposure to various acid sources can contribute to the chemical erosion of tooth surfaces. While these acid sources have the potential to erode teeth, various chemical, biological and behavioral factors determines the erosive action of the acids they contain. Several interceptive and preventive means have been proposed to minimize damage to the dentition.

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar a literatura passada e atual sobre os determinantes e controle da erosão dentária induzida por refrigerantes. MÉTODO: Os autores utilizaram o MEDLINE para encontrar literatura relevante publicada até março de 2009. Resumos e artigos completos foram lidos para identificar estudos e revisões descrevendo vários fatores modificantes e determinantes da erosãodentária. Obteve-se informação adicional pela busca manual na literatura em bibliotecas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Exposição excessiva a várias fontes ácidas podem contribuir para a erosão química de várias superfícies dentárias. Enquanto estas fontes ácidas têm o potencial de erosionar dentes, vários fatores químicos, biológicos e comportamentais determinam a ação erosiva dos ácidos que contêm. Várias medidas preventivas e interceptivas têm sido propostas para diminuir os danos causados pela erosão.