Clitoral reduction: Technical note.

Clitoral hypertrophy is a rare genital malformation that can be congenital or acquired. In congenital forms, the most common cause is adrenal hyperplasia. The acquired forms are caused by endocrinological diseases, benign tumours or cysts. Idiopathic clitoral hypertrophies can be detected after the elimination of secondary causes. A complete assessment is needed to treat the origin of clitoridomegaly. The hypertrophy is often increased or unmasked during sexual arousal with the appearance of a true vulvar appendage in erection. It is often accompanied by a hypertrophy of the clitoral hood and can cause psychological suffering with an impact on the quality of sexual life. When the cause of clitoral hypertrophy is diagnosed, treated or stabilized, the plastic surgeon may be called upon for surgical correction. Reconstructive surgery in this area has evolved considerably since the historical clitoral amputations which led to the current technique of partial resection with sparing the dorsal neurovascular pedicle of the clitoris as described by Professor Paniel. We propose a modified conservative technique to treat clitoral hypertrophy and the clitoral hood and present two clinical cases: ventral reduction clitoridoplasty with preservation of the neurovascular pedicle associated with a chevron plasty of the clitoral hood and a lipofilling of the labia majora. The postoperative follow-up is simple with reports of great satisfaction from patients regarding their quality of life.

[Clitoral epidermoid cyst causing clitoromegaly. A rare case report]. / Clitoridomégalie dans le cadre un kyste épidermoïde géant: à propos d'un cas.

Clitoromegaly is uncommon. It is mostly congenital, hormonal or tumoral. Epidermoid cyst is rare. It can be the consequence of trauma, but in some situations the cyst can be non-traumatic. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented a misdiagnosis of clitoromegaly due to hormonal condition. Surgical exploration has highlighted an epidermoid cyst. This observation underlines the importance to evoke a cystic origin for clitoral hypertrophy and encourages us to propose imaging (ultrasound, MRI) in case of etiological doubt. The preoperative diagnosis must be made to preserve vascularization and innervation of the clitoris.

[Cosmetic surgery of the female genitalia]. / Chirurgie cosmétique de l'appareil génital féminin.

INTRODUCTION: This review studies rationale and outcome of vulvovaginal aesthetic surgery. METHOD: Medline search of the existing literature utilizing terms labiaplasty, clitoral hood reduction, hymenoplasty, vaginoplasty, perineoplasty, female genital surgery, sexual satisfaction/body image, and anterior/posterior colporrhaphy; references from bibliographies of papers found through the literature search and in the author's reading of available literature until January 2012. Clinicians who receive requests from patients for such procedures should discuss with the patient the reason for request and perform an evaluation for any physical signs or symptoms that may indicate the need for surgical intervention. RESULTS: A physical psychological and sexological evaluation is mandatory before a procedure of female cosmetic genital surgery. Perineoplasties in wide vagina sensations should be proposed after careful evaluation of patients, by trained surgeons, in part of a multidisciplinary approach especially sexologic, after attempt of conservative treatments (pelvic floor rehabilitation). Patients should be informed of results and complications. Female genital mutilation repair with surgery is possible and improve majority of patients. Improvement mechanism is complex and clinical trials are ongoing. Asking for this surgery, is more often result of a deep reflexion for patient who integrate his own story and those of her family. She should be listened to, respected and managed in a reference center. Sexotherapy should be systematically proposed. Concerning hymenoplasty, the procedure is considered as "legally" by medical doctors. Several techniques are available, few described, and there is no evidence-based publication. Labioplasty is a procedure whose patient expectations should be properly evaluated by surgeon and benefits risks should be informed. A preliminary discussion around "normality" and a psychotherapy should be tried, in order to not treat a dysmorphobia by surgery. Vaginal "rejuvenation" and G spot ampliation principles and techniques are very controversial and there is no evidence-based study. CONCLUSION: Cosmetic surgery of the female genitalia covers a variety of techniques corresponding to extremely diverse situations. It requires careful and multidisciplinary evaluation as well as clear and honest information of patients. Reconstructive surgery of female genital mutilation and sexual crimes does not pose a real problem in term of indication or justification.