Effectiveness of Contingency Management in Tobacco Smokers with Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review.

Background: Effective interventions are required to address tobacco smoking in people with depressive symptomatology. In this context, contingency management could be one useful therapeutic strategy. Objectives: This study is a systematic review of tobacco cessation interventions for smokers with depressive symptomatology including a contingency management component, evaluating their efficacy with regards to tobacco abstinence, depressive symptomatology, adherence to treatment and other variables related to tobacco use. For this purpose, a search was carried out in Pubmed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov in September 2022. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: Of the 208 articles identified, six were included in this review. Results: For the most part, the research included suggests that contingency management is an effective strategy for improving abstinence outcomes, adherence, and other smoking-related variables such as delay discounting and intensity of cigarette demand in smokers with depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Although contingency management could be a promising intervention in tobacco smokers with depressive symptomatology, further research in this area is still required.

Mental health among centenarians living in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Given the increasing number of people achieving exceptionally long lifespans, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of mental health in centenarians. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of mental health conditions-depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep disturbances, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behaviour-among centenarians in Switzerland. METHODS: Data were collected from N = 169 participants via telephone interviews or paper questionnaires, either directly from centenarians or through proxy informants. Half the data were collected during a period when protective measures were imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and half were collected after the measures were lifted. RESULTS: Mental health conditions were prevalent in our sample, particularly depressive symptoms (44.51%) and anxiety (42.17%). Significant positive associations were found between depressive symptoms and anxiety, and between disinhibition and aberrant motor behaviour. Furthermore, we identified statistical predictors for the occurrence of mental health conditions. Notably, institutionalised living increased the odds of depressive symptomatology, while those with higher education levels or an absence of cognitive impairment experienced more sleep disturbances. Finally, cognitive impairment was linked to increased disinhibition and aberrant motor behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of mental health conditions underscores the need for proactive mental health care strategies in advanced old age. Moreover, it is vital to consider the interconnected nature of mental health conditions and to prioritise vulnerable groups, such as centenarians in institutional settings.

How do men and women differ in their depressive symptomatology? A gendered network analysis of depressive symptoms in a French population-based cohort.

BACKGROUND: The experience of depressive manifestations and the presentation of symptoms in clinical settings may differ in men and women. Despite the extensive literature, it remains unclear how depressive manifestations interact at symptom levels in men and women. First, we aimed to describe and compare depressive networks by sex. Second, we examined symptom connections to Clinical depression and Functional Limitations as a proxy of self-recognition of a depressive episode. METHODS: We estimated networks from the 20 CES-D items in men and women from a large population-based French cohort. We computed centrality measures and ran comparisons. Then, we re-estimated two networks in men and women separately, adding, on the one hand, Clinical Depression and, on the other hand, Limitations due to a depressive episode. RESULTS: Over 200,000 participants were included in this study. Women were twice as likely to have a previous diagnosis of depression. Sex-ratio was less pronounced (1,7:1) for Limitations due to depression. Centrality measures revealed similar symptom patterns. However, network structures differed between men and women. We found some symptom connections to Clinical depression and Limitations to be non-invariant according to sex. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional data does not capture the direction of the connections between symptoms and an eventual diagnosis. We lacked data about the diagnosis's context and could not account for other factors influencing depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Network structures differed, suggesting gender-specific mechanisms in activating symptoms and depressive states. Addressing central symptoms evoking depressed moods with tailored interventions may serve to tackle depressive states in men and women.

Depressive symptomatology from a network perspective: Differences in the experience of symptoms involved in the self-recognition of depression and the diagnosis process by social position.

BACKGROUND: While social disparities in depression are well-documented, the symptom experience across social positions remains less studied. AIMS: This study examines the connections between depressive symptoms and self-recognizing a depressive episode, on the one hand, and clinical diagnosis, on the other hand, by three social position indicators. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from a population-based cohort of adults living in France, grouping participants by three indicators: education, financial difficulties, and occupation, and stratifying by sex. Utilizing a psychometric network approach, we estimated 24 networks. Nodes corresponded to the 20 CES-D items and 1 external variable, either 'Limitations due to depression' or 'Clinical depression'. Comparisons between socially disadvantaged and advantaged groups across the three social indicators were made in terms of network structures, global strength, and edge weights involving symptoms and both external nodes. RESULTS: The study included data from 201,952 participants. Individuals in lower social positions exhibited higher rates of depressive-related variables. Four depressive symptoms emerged as crucial, being linked both to 'Clinical depression' and 'Limitations' across all social positions. Socially disadvantaged groups had denser networks. Some of the tests comparing network structures according to social position were significant, suggesting differences in the symptom activation chains. Connections between each external node and 'Felt depressed' and 'Could not get going' were non-invariant in educational and financial-based networks. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight four depressive symptoms, likely to play a key role in the experience of depression across all social positions. Other insights from specific symptoms could be used for improving depression care among disadvantaged populations.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Parental Behavior and Adolescent Mental Health in Mexico: Insights into Excessive Alcohol Intake, Tobacco Use, Suicidal Behavior, and Depressive Symptomatology.

Depression, suicidal behavior, excessive alcohol intake, and tobacco use are the main mental health problems in adolescents. To address these problems, it is necessary to understand the many factors associated with them, including parental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between parental behavior and mental health problems in adolescents in Mexico. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2018-2019, representative for Mexico, were used. Households in which a parent-adolescent child pairing was identified (regardless of family type) were selected; n = 8758 households. The four outcomes of interest that were measured in the adolescents were: excessive alcohol intake, tobacco use, suicidal behavior, and depressive symptomatology. Logistic regression models using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Adolescents whose parents used alcohol or tobacco and reported depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior were more likely to present these behaviors themselves (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.17-1.85; AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.51-3.39; AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.88-3.61; AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.16-2.61, respectively). Child sexual abuse was also strongly associated with the four outcomes of interest in adolescents (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06-3.36 for excessive alcohol intake; AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.49-5.91 for tobacco use; AOR = 5.15, 95% CI: 3.27-8.09 for depressive symptoms; AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 4.25-10.59 for suicidal behavior). The family constitutes the central nucleus of care for children and adolescents; therefore, any effort to promote adolescent mental health must necessarily involve their parents and family.

Effect of Acute Ketamine Treatment on Sympathetic Regulation Indexed by Electrodermal Activity in Adolescent Major Depression.

Ketamine is a potential rapid-onset antidepressant characterized by sympathomimetic effects. However, the question of ketamine's use in treating adolescents' major depressive disorder (MDD) is still discussed. Thus, we aimed to study the acute effect of ketamine infusion treatment on sympathetic regulation using electrodermal activity (EDA) in addition to an assessment of depressive symptomatology in MDD adolescents. Twenty hospitalized adolescent girls with MDD (average age: 15.0 ± 1.46 yrs.) were examined before and two hours after a single intravenous infusion of ketamine. EDA was continuously recorded for 6 min, and depressive symptoms were assessed before and two hours after ketamine administration. The evaluated parameters included skin conductance level (SCL), nonspecific electrodermal responses (NS-SCRs), MADRS (questions no. 1-10, total score), and CDI (items A-E, total score). EDA parameters showed no significant changes after the ketamine treatment, and depressive symptoms were significantly reduced after the ketamine infusion. The analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between index SCL and CDI-A, CDI-E, and the total CDI score and between index NS-SCRs and MADRS no. 4 before the ketamine treatment. In conclusion, ketamine improved depressive symptomatology without a significant effect on EDA, indicating its potential safety and efficiency as an acute antidepressant intervention in adolescent MDD.

Recovery Trajectories in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa.

Background: This study aimed to document recovery trajectories among adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) based on three markers of remission, namely changes in body weight, food restriction, and excessive exercise, and to identify predictors of these trajectories. Methods: One hundred twenty-six adolescent girls (14.7 ± 1.3 years) were recruited during initial assessment visits at specialized eating disorder (ED) programs in five University Health Centers across the province of Quebec, Canada. z-BMI and AN symptom severity (food restriction and excessive exercise) were assessed at initial assessment visits and subsequently reassessed at each quarterly follow-up over a 12-month period to identify recovery trajectories. Results: Considering the three markers of remission, three distinct trajectories emerged: Group 1, rapid responders; Group 2, gradual responders; and Group 3, unstable responders. At initial visits, a difference between groups was found regarding the type of treatment (p = 0.01) and weight suppression (p = 0.02). Group 1 had a higher number of youths hospitalized than Group 2 and Group 3, and a greater weight suppression than Group 3. Furthermore, individuals with atypical AN were more likely to belong to Group 2 than to Group 1 and Group 3 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of recovery trajectories in adolescent girls with AN.

Predicting progression of cognitive decline to dementia using dyadic patterns of subjective reporting: evidence from the CompAS longitudinal study.

Objective: To analyze the validity of self and informant reports, depressive symptomatology, and some sociodemographic variables to predict the risk of cognitive decline at different follow-up times. Methods: A total of 337 participants over 50 years of age included in the CompAS and classified as Cognitively Unimpaired (CU), Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) groups were assessed at baseline and three follow-ups. A short version of the QAM was administered to assess the severity of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), and the GDS-15 was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. At each follow-up assessment, participants were reclassified according to the stability, regression or progression of their conditions. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict which CU, SCD and MCI participants would remain stable, regress or progress at a 3rd follow-up by using self- and informant-reported complaints, depressive symptomatology, age and education at baseline and 2nd follow-ups as the predictive variables. Results: Overall, self-reported complaints predicted progression between the asymptomatic and presymptomatic stages. As the objective deterioration increased, i.e., when SCD progressed to MCI or dementia, the SCCs reported by informants proved the best predictors of progression. Depressive symptomatology was also a predictor of progression from CU to SCD and from SCD to MCI. Conclusion: A late increase in self-reported complaints make valid estimates to predict subjective decline at asymptomatic stages. However, an early increase in complaints reported by informants was more accurate in predicting objective decline from asymptomatic stages. Both, early and late decrease in self-reported complaints successfully predict dementia from prodromic stage. Only late decrease in self-reported complaints predict reversion from prodromic and pre-symptomatic stages.

Bayesian Networks for Prescreening in Depression: Algorithm Development and Validation.

BACKGROUND: Identifying individuals with depressive symptomatology (DS) promptly and effectively is of paramount importance for providing timely treatment. Machine learning models have shown promise in this area; however, studies often fall short in demonstrating the practical benefits of using these models and fail to provide tangible real-world applications. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish a novel methodology for identifying individuals likely to exhibit DS, identify the most influential features in a more explainable way via probabilistic measures, and propose tools that can be used in real-world applications. METHODS: The study used 3 data sets: PROACTIVE, the Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde [PNS]) 2013, and PNS 2019, comprising sociodemographic and health-related features. A Bayesian network was used for feature selection. Selected features were then used to train machine learning models to predict DS, operationalized as a score of ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The study also analyzed the impact of varying sensitivity rates on the reduction of screening interviews compared to a random approach. RESULTS: The methodology allows the users to make an informed trade-off among sensitivity, specificity, and a reduction in the number of interviews. At the thresholds of 0.444, 0.412, and 0.472, determined by maximizing the Youden index, the models achieved sensitivities of 0.717, 0.741, and 0.718, and specificities of 0.644, 0.737, and 0.766 for PROACTIVE, PNS 2013, and PNS 2019, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.736, 0.801, and 0.809 for these 3 data sets, respectively. For the PROACTIVE data set, the most influential features identified were postural balance, shortness of breath, and how old people feel they are. In the PNS 2013 data set, the features were the ability to do usual activities, chest pain, sleep problems, and chronic back problems. The PNS 2019 data set shared 3 of the most influential features with the PNS 2013 data set. However, the difference was the replacement of chronic back problems with verbal abuse. It is important to note that the features contained in the PNS data sets differ from those found in the PROACTIVE data set. An empirical analysis demonstrated that using the proposed model led to a potential reduction in screening interviews of up to 52% while maintaining a sensitivity of 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: This study developed a novel methodology for identifying individuals with DS, demonstrating the utility of using Bayesian networks to identify the most significant features. Moreover, this approach has the potential to substantially reduce the number of screening interviews while maintaining high sensitivity, thereby facilitating improved early identification and intervention strategies for individuals experiencing DS.

Minority Stress and Relationship Well-Being in Sexual Minorities: The Varying Role of Outness on Relationship and Sexual Satisfaction.

Objectives: Empirical inquiry has targeted how same-sex couples grapple with unique stressors in their romantic relationships. Meta-analyses demonstrate that the adverse link between minority stress and sexual and relationship well-being is contingent on the type of stressor and relationship component. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study examining a sample of 238 individuals currently in same-sex relationships. Results: Outness predicted relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and sexual dissatisfaction relative to other stressors, and depressive symptomatology mediated the minority stressors and relationship well-being associations. Conclusions: The current findings offer practical applications for practitioners working with sexual minority clients and researchers who continue to reveal the boundaries in the minority stress process.

Evaluación de un protocolo de intervención en Terapia Sistémica Breve para personas expuestas a un evento estresante reciente / Evaluation of a Brief Systemic Therapy intervention protocol for people who have experienced a recent stressful event

Resumen Los eventos altamente estresantes son sucesos que potencialmente generan consecuencias negativas en las personas afectadas, como síntomas postraumáticos y depresivos. El presente estudio evalúa un protocolo de intervención preventiva, orientado a personas que han vivido un evento altamente estresante reciente, basado en la Terapia Sistémica Breve. Cuatro terapeutas aplicaron el protocolo a cuatro usuarias. Se entrevistó a estas ocho personas acerca de su experiencia en la aplicación y recepción del protocolo. Mediante escalas de fiabilidad y validez contrastada se evaluaron los cambios pre-post en sintomatología postraumática, sintomatología depresiva, crecimiento postraumático y satisfacción con la vida; también se midió la relación terapéutica. Los resultados muestran apreciaciones positivas en terapeutas y usuarias, el desarrollo de una relación terapéutica adecuada y avances en tres de los cuatro indicadores cuantitativos de cambio. Se concluye que el protocolo está en condiciones de utilizarse en estudios controlados.

Abstract Highly stressful events are occurrences that potentially create negative consequences for the affected people, such as post-traumatic and depressive symptoms. This study assesses a preventive intervention protocol, aimed to people who have lived a recent highly stressful event, based on the Brief Systemic Therapy. Four therapists applied the protocol to four female users. These eight persons were interviewed about the experience in relation to the application and reception of the protocol. Through contrasted reliability and validity scales, pre and post changes in posttraumatic symptomatology, depressive symptomatology, posttraumatic growth and satisfaction with life were assessed; the therapeutic relation was also measured. The results show positive appraisals in therapists and female users, the development of a proper therapeutic relation and progress in three out of four quantitative change indicators. It is concluded that the protocol is suitable to be used in controlled studies.

Avaliação de Bem-Estar Psicológico e Sintomas Depressivos em Idosos Saudáveis / Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being and Depressive Symptoms in Healthy Elderly People / Evaluación de Bienestar Psicológico y Sintomas Depresivos en Los Idosos Saludables

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre bem-estar psicológico e a presença de sintomas depressivos em idosos saudáveis. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: ficha de dados sociodemográficos, EDEP e BDI-II. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do SPSS, por meio de frequências, média, desvio padrão e correlações de Spearman. A amostra foi composta por 64 idosos, com média de idade de 69,61 (DP=7,58) e média de escolaridade de 4,59 anos de estudo (DP=2,61). Os resultados indicaram correlação inversa, moderada e significativa entre sintomatologia depressiva e os domínios autonomia, ambiente e relações positivas com os outros, encontrou-se ainda correlação inversa e fraca entre sintomatologia depressiva e crescimento pessoal. Acredita-se que escolaridade e atividade física podem ser fatores protetivos para depressão e bem-estar psicológico no envelhecimento. Por fim, levanta-se a hipótese de haver uma retroalimentação entre as variáveis que se correlacionaram entre si de forma significativa neste estudo. (AU)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between psychological well-being and depressive symptoms in healthy elderly people. The instruments used were: sociodemographic data questionnaire, EDEP and BDI-II. The data were analyzed in the SPSS using mean and SD, and Spearman correlations. The sample consisted of 64 elderly, with a mean age of 69.61 years (SD=7.58) and a mean educational level of 4.59 years (SD=2.61). The results indicate an inverse, moderate and significant correlation between depressive symptomatology and the domains: autonomy, environment, and positive relationships with others. There was also an inverse and weak correlation between depressive symptomatology and personal growth domain. It is believed that education level can be a protective factor for depression and psychological well-being in aging. Finally, the hypothesis is that there is a feedback cycle between the significantly correlated variables in this study. (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la relación entre bienestar psicológico y la presencia de síntomas depresivos en ancianos sanos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: ficha de datos sociodemográficos, EDEP y BDI-II. Los datos fueron analizados con la ayuda del SPSS, por medio de frecuencias, media, desviación estándar y correlaciones de Spearman. La muestra fue compuesta por 64 ancianos, siendo la media de edad fue 69,61 (+7,58) y la media de escolaridad fue de 4,59 años de estudio (+2,61). Los resultados indicaron correlación inversa, moderada y significativa entre sintomatología depresiva y los dominios autonomía, ambiente y relaciones positivas con los demás, se encontró una correlación inversa y débil entre sintomatología depresiva y crecimiento personal. Se cree que la escolaridad y la actividad física son factores protectores para la depresión y el bienestar psicológico en el envejecimiento. Por último, se plantea la hipótesis de que hay una retroalimentación entre las variables que se correlacionaron entre sí de forma significativa en este estudio. (AU)

Análise de estrutura interna do Inventário de Depressão Maior (MDI) / Internal structure analysis of the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) / Análisis de estructura interna del Inventario de Depresión Mayor (MDI)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Inventário de Depressão Maior (MDI). O MDI foi aplicado em 714 estudantes universitários e em 12 pessoas com diagnóstico de depressão. Realizaram-se análises de estrutura interna via TCT e TRI, bem como confiabilidade, sensibilidade e especificidade. A solução unidimensional foi a mais coerente teoricamente e os parâmetros via TCT adequados, com confiabilidade de 0,89. Já, via TRI, nem todos os parâmetros adequados foram respeitados, tais como índices de infit e outfit, além de categorias de respostas não discriminativas. Os índices de acurácia também demonstraram limitações, principalmente com relação aos falsos negativos (especificidade de 63,9). Assim, sugere-se a realização de novos estudos analisando-se os dados via TRI, bem como um grupo clínico maior, diagnosticados com entrevista estruturada padrão.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric qualities of the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). The MDI was applied to 714 university students and 12 people diagnosed with depression. Internal structure analyses were performed using TCT and IRT, as well as reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. The one-dimensional solution was the most coherent theoretically and the parameters via suitable TCT, with a reliability of 0.89. Already, via IRT, not all appropriate parameters were respected, such as infit and outfit indexes, as well as categories of non-discriminative responses. Accuracy indexes also showed limitations, especially concerning false negatives (specificity of 63.9). Thus, it is suggested to perform new studies analyzing the data via IRT, as well as a larger clinical group, diagnosed with a standard structured interview.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las calidades psicométricas del Inventario de Depresión Mayor (MDI). El MDI fue aplicado en 714 estudiantes universitarios y en 12 personas con diagnóstico de depresión. Se realizaron análisis de estructura interna vía TCT y TRI, así como confiabilidad, sensibilidad y especificidad. La solución unidimensional fue la más coherente teóricamente y los parámetros vía TCT adecuados, con confiabilidad de 0,89. En cambio, a través de TRI, no se respetaron todos los parámetros adecuados, tales como índices de infit y outfit, además de categorías de respuestas no discriminatorias. Los índices de exactitud también demostraron limitaciones, principalmente con relación a los falsos negativos (especificidad de 63,9). Así, se sugiere la realización de nuevos estudios analizando los datos vía TRI, así como un grupo clínico mayor, diagnosticados con entrevista estructurada estándar.

Relación entre automanejo y síntomas depresivos en personas con diabetes e hipertensión / Relationship between self-management and depressive symptoms in persons with diabetes and hypertension / Relação entre automanejo e sintomas depressivos em pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão

Resumen Introducción: Las personas con diabetes e hipertensión experimentan con mayor frecuencia sintomatología depresiva, lo cual contribuye a un inadecuado automanejo de la enfermedad, que implica tareas como: la toma de la medicación, asistir a las consultas médicas, el conocimiento de signos y síntomas, además de la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la relación entre automanejo en general y sus dimensiones con síntomas depresivos en personas con diabetes e hipertensión. Método: Estudio transversal-correlacional con n=205 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes (100) e hipertensión (105). Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y r de Pearson. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Partners in Health (PIH) y The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Resultados: Se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la sintomatología depresiva y el automanejo (r=-0.308 ρ<0.001). Discusión y Conclusiones: Se concluye que la sintomatología depresiva se relaciona con el automanejo de la enfermedad de la siguiente manera: a mayor automanejo menor sintomatología de depresión, o a mayor sintomatología depresiva menor automanejo; dicha relación confirma que ambas variables se afectan mutuamente y/o mantienen una relación estrecha.

Abstract Introduction: Persons with diabetes and hypertension frequently suffer from depression as well, a situation which contributes to an inadequate management of the condition in terms of medication, medical consultations, signs, and decision making. Objective: To identify the relationship between general self-management and depression symptoms in persons with diabetes and hypertension. Method: This is a transversal and correlational study with a sample of 205 patients, 100 with a main diagnosis of diabetes, and 105 with a main diagnosis of hypertension. The sampling process was non-probabilistic and by convenience. Descriptive statistics, including Pearson's r were calculated. The Partners in Health (PIH) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) instruments were administered. Results: A statistically significant correlation between depression symptoms and diabetes and hypertension self-management was found (r=-0.308 ρ<0.001). Discussion and conclusions: Depression symptoms were related to how diabetes and hypertension are self-managed in a way that, the more self-management, the less depression symptoms, or the more depression symptoms, the less self-management.

Resumo Introdução: As pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão experimentam com maior frequência a sintomatologia depressiva, o qual contribui a um inadequado automanejo da doença, que envolve tarefas como: a toma da medicação, assistir às consultas médicas, o conhecimento de signos e sintomas, além da toma de decisões. Objetivo: Pelo anterior, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a relação entre automanejo em geral e suas dimensões com sintomas depressivos em pessoas com diabetes e hipertensão. Método: Estudo transversal-correlacional com n=205 pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes (100) e hipertensão (105). Amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e r de Pearson. Aplicaram-se os instrumentos Partners in Health (PIH) e The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Resultados: Encontrou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a sintomatologia depressiva e o automanejo (r=-0.308 ρ<0.001). Discussão e Conclusões: Conclui-se que a sintomatologia depressiva relaciona-se com o automanejo da doença da seguinte maneira: a maior automanejo, menor sintomatologia de depressão, ou a maior sintomatologia depressiva, menor automanejo; esta relação confirma que ambas variáveis afetam-se mutuamente e/ou mantem uma relação estreita.

Evidências de validade para a escala Baptista de depressão versão hospital-ambulatório (EBADEP-HOSP-AMB) / Validity evidence for the Baptista developmental scale hospital-ambulatory version (EBADEP-HOSP-AMB) / Evidencias de validez para la escala Baptista de depresión versión hospital-ambulatorio (EBADEP-HOSP-AMB)

O objetivo do estudo foi buscar evidências de validade baseadas na relação com variáveis externas para a Escala Baptista de Depressão Versão Hospital-Ambulatório (EBADEP-HOSP-AMB). Participaram 210 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, com idades entre 18 e 82 anos (M=53,40; DP=14,40), sendo 112 (53,3%) do sexo masculino. Foram aplicados um questionário sociodemográfico/saúde, juntamente com a EBADEP-HOSP-AMB, a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) e a Escala de Pensamentos Depressivos (EPD). As aplicações ocorreram de forma individual durante as sessões de hemodiálise. Foi verificada a relação entre os instrumentos além de possíveis diferenças de média em função das variáveis sociodemográficas. Os principais resultados indicaram correlações significativas de magnitudes moderadas a altas entre os instrumentos. Também foi observado que as mulheres e aqueles que relataram ter diagnóstico de depressão obtiveram escores mais elevados na maioria das escalas apresentando mais sintomatologia depressiva e pensamentos depressivos, bem como ansiedade (AU).

The purpose of the study was to seek validity evidence based on the relationship with external variables for the Hospital-Ambulatory Depression Baptist Scale (EBADEPHOSP-AMB). A total of 210 chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis, aged 18-82 years (M=53.40, SD=14.40), 112 (53.3%) males participated. A sociodemographic/health questionnaire was applied, along with the EBADEP-HOSPAMB, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Depressive Thoughts Scale (EPD). The applications occurred individually during the hemodialysis sessions. The relationship between the instruments was verified, besides possible differences of mean according to the sociodemographic variables. The main results indicated significant correlations of moderate to high magnitudes between the instruments. It was also observed that women and those who reported having a diagnosis of depression scored higher on most scales presenting more depressive symptomatology and depressive thoughts as well as anxiety (AU).

El objetivo del estudio fue buscar evidencias de validez basadas en la relación con variables externas para la Escala Baptista de Depresión Versión Hospital-Ambulatorio (EBADEP-HOSP-AMB. Participaron un total de 210 pacientes renales crónicos en hemodiálisis, con edades entre 18 y 82 años (M=53,40; DP=14,40), siendo 112 (53,3%) del sexo masculino. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico / salud, junto con EBADEP-HOSP-AMB, la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) y la Escala de Pensamientos Depresivos (EPD). Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados de forma individual durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis. Se verificó la relación entre los instrumentos además de posibles diferencias de promedio en función de las variables sociodemográficas. Los principales resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas de magnitudes moderadas a altas entre los instrumentos. También se observó que las mujeres y aquellos que reportaron tener diagnóstico de depresión obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en la mayoría de las escalas presentando más sintomatología depresiva y pensamientos depresivos, así como ansiedad (AU.

Evidências de estrutura interna da Escala Baptista de Depressão: Versão Idoso (EBADEP-ID) / Evidence of the internal structure of the Baptista Depression Scale: Elderly Version (EBADEP-ID)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar propriedades psicométricas da Escala Baptista de Depressão-Versão Idoso (EBADEP-ID). Participaram da pesquisa 244 idosos do estado do Piauí, sem diagnóstico de depressão, com faixa etária variando de 60 a 96 anos (M= 68,85; DP= 9,19), sendo 67,9% do sexo feminino. Os principais resultados indicaram que dos 30 itens iniciais a escala foi reduzida para uma versão mais breve de 15 itens. A escala apresentou uma melhor adequação com uma solução de dois fatores, ambos apresentando valores adequados de alfa de Cronbach (F1: 0,90 e F2: 0,88). Por fim, conclui-se que a EBADEP-ID demonstrou evidências de validade de estrutura interna aceitáveis.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Depression-Elderly Baptista Scale (EBADEP-ID). A total of 244 elderly people from the state of Piauí, with no diagnosis of depression, ranging in age from 60 to 96 years (M = 68.85, SD = 9.19), 67.9% of them female. The main results indicated that of the 30 initial items the scale was reduced to a shorter version of 15 items. The scale was better suited to a two-factor solution, both presenting adequate values of Cronbach’s alpha (F1: 0.90 and F2: 0.88). Finally, it is concluded that EBADEP-ID has demonstrated evidence of acceptable internal structure validity.

Sintomatologia depressiva no termo da gestação, em mulheres de baixo risco / Depressive symptomatology at full-term pregnancy in low risk women

RESUMO Objetivos Calcular a prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal em grávidas de baixo risco, no termo da gestação, avaliar seus preditores e desfechos materno-fetais. Para tal, avaliar-se-á a aplicabilidade da Escala de Rastreio de Depressão Pós-Parto (PDSS 24) nessa fase da gravidez. Métodos A PDSS 24 e um questionário sociodemográfico, psicossocial e médico (antecedentes obstétricos e patológicos) foram autoaplicados a 403 grávidas (37-40 semanas de gestação), com idade média de 30,5 anos (DP = 4,67). Por meio do processo clínico, foram recolhidos dados de resultados materno-fetais. Resultados A PDSS 24 possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas para a deteção de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal. A prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal foi de 41,7%. Grávidas com níveis de escolaridade inferiores, não casadas, cuja gravidez não foi planejada e com antecedentes de acontecimentos de vida significativos apresentam risco duas vezes superior de sintomatologia depressiva no período pré-natal. Grávidas cujo apoio social percebido ao longo da gravidez não correspondeu ao desejado e com história prévia de depressão apresentam cerca de três vezes maior risco sintomatologia depressiva no período pré-natal. Para desfechos materno-fetais (pré-eclâmpsia, restrição de crescimento fetal, Apgar 1º/5º minuto, tipo de parto, percentil de peso, oligoâminos e necessidade de cuidados intensivos), as diferenças foram não significativas. Conclusão O rastreio da depressão pré-natal deve ser realizado na gravidez. Porém, no termo da gestação o uso da PDSS 24 como ferramenta de deteção de sintomatologia depressiva deve ser feito com cautela. A elevada prevalência de sintomas relacionados com o sono nessa fase da gestação pode conduzir ao sobre diagnóstico, usando a PDSS 24.

ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in full-term pregnancy (low risk), evaluate their predictors and maternal-fetal outcomes. To this end, the applicability of Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS 24) will be evaluated, at full-term pregnancy. Methods PDSS 24 and a sociodemographic, psychosocial, pathological and obstetrical background questionnaire were self-administered to 403 pregnant women (37-40 weeks gestation), with a mean age of 30.5 years (SD = 4.67). Data from maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes were collected from the patient clinical process. Results PDSS 24 revealed adequate psychometric properties to screening depressive symptomatology in full-term pregnancy. The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 41.7%. Pregnant women with lower study levels, who weren't married, whose pregnancy was unplanned and with a previous history of significant life events present twice the risk to present depressive symptomatology. Pregnant women who hadn't received the desired social support in pregnancy and with a history of depression present about a 3-fold increased risk to present depressive symptomatology. For maternal-fetal outcomes (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, Apgar score at 1st/5th minute, type of delivery, weight percentile, oligohydramnios and need for neonatal intensive care), the differences were not significant. Conclusion Screening for prenatal depression should be conducted during pregnancy. However, in full-term pregnancy women, the use of PDSS 24 as a screening tool for depressive symptomatology should be done with caution. The high prevalence of sleep-related symptoms, in full-term pregnancy, may lead to overdiagnosis, using PDSS 24.

Depression and chronic kidney disease: an integrative literature review / Depressão e doença renal crônica: revisão integrativa da literatura / Depresión y enfermedad renal crónica: revisión integrativa de la literatura

Brazilian and international scientific studies on depression and chronic kidney disease published between 2006 and 2016 in the PsycINFO and LILACS databases were analyzed. In total, 269 publications were analyzed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, so that 21 articles remained for analysis. The studies were evaluated for the year of publication, periodicals, objectives, sample, results, associated constructs, and instruments of depression. The prevalence of depressive symptoms varied from 7.8% to 83.49%. Also, most samples were small and included both sexes. The year with most publications was 2011, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used in 66.67% of the studies. It is important to evaluate depression using instruments that take into account the specificities of the context in order to reduce bias and to permit a correct identification of the depressive symptoms in this population.

Foram analisadas produções científicas nacionais e internacionais a respeito da depressão e da doença renal crônica entre os anos de 2006 e 2016, nas bases PsycINFO e LILACS. Analisaram-se 269 publicações, e, depois da adoção de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 21. Os estudos foram avaliados quanto a ano de publicação, periódicos, objetivos, amostra, resultados, construtos associados e instrumentos de depressão. Verificou-se que a prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva variou de 7,8% a 83,49%, além de grande parte das amostras ser de tamanho reduzido e incluir ambos os sexos. O ano com mais publicações foi 2011, e o Beck Depression Inventory foi utilizado em 66,67% dos estudos. É importante avaliar a depressão com instrumentos que levem em conta as especificidades do contexto, de forma a reduzir vieses e permitir a identificação correta da sintomatologia depressiva nessa população.

Se analizaron producciones científicas brasilenas e internacionales sobre la depresión y la enfermedad renal crónica entre los anos 2006 y 2016, en las bases PsycINFO y LILACS. 269 publicaciones fueron analizadas ante los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, restando 21 artículos para análisis. Los estudios fueron evaluados en cuanto al ano de publicación, periódicos, objetivos, muestra, resultados, constructos asociados e instrumentos de depresión. Se verificó que la prevalencia de sintomatologia depresiva varía de 7,8% a 83,49%, además de que gran parte de las muestras eran de tamano reducido e incluían ambos sexos. El ano con más publicaciones fue 2011 y el Beck Depression Inventory fue utilizado en el 66,67% de los estudios. Es importante evaluar la depresión con instrumentos que tengan en cuenta las especificidades del contexto para reducir sesgos y permitir la identificación correcta de la sintomatología depresiva en esa población.

Efectos a largo plazo de los síntomas depresivos en una tarea de memoria de trabajo con y sin interferencia atencional / Long-term effects of depressive symptoms on a task of visual working memory with and without attentional interference

La neurobiología de la depresión involucra cambios estructurales del sistema nervioso relacionados con procesos cognitivos como la memoria y la atención. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto a largo plazo de la sintomatología depresiva (SD) en una tarea de memoria de trabajo visual con y sin interferencia atencional en estudiantes universitarios. Se utilizó un diseño factorial de 2 X 2 en el cual las variables independientes fueron la condición clínica (con SD y sin SD) y la versión del Memonum (con o sin interferencia de color). Memonum es un software para evaluar memoria de trabajo por medio de la retención de dígitos directos, en dos versiones: una blanco-negro (sin interferencia) y otra con un distractor atencional de color (con interferencia). Para la evaluación de la SD, 76 universitarios respondieron al CES-D, luego se les aplicó aleatoriamente una u otra versión de la prueba Memonum (con o sin interferencia de color), 2 semanas después de la detección de síntomas. De manera general, la SD no alteró a largo plazo el desempeño de los participantes en tareas de memoria de trabajo visual con o sin interferencia atencional. Sin embargo, se pudo establecer que la utilización de las estrategias para la ejecución de la tarea mnemónica dependió de la condición clínica, y la agrupación fue la menos usada por los participantes con SD.

The neurobiology of depression involves structural changes in the nervous system associated with cognitive processes such as memory and attention. This study sought to evaluate the long-term effect of depressive symptomatology (DS) using a task of visual working memory with or without attentional interference in college students. A 2 X 2 factorial design was used wherein the independent variables were the clinical condition (with and without DS) and the Memonum version (with and without interference of color). The Memonum consists of software to evaluate working memory through retention of direct digits, in two versions: a black-white (without interference) and another with a color attentional distractor (with interference). Depressive symptomatology was evaluated by applying the CES-D to 76 undergraduates. Two week after the diagnosis of DS, the test version was randomly applied (with or without attentional interference). The DS did not alter long-term performance of the tasks involved in visual working memory with or without attentional interference. However, it was found that the use of strategies for mnemonic task performance depended on the clinical condition, being the strategy of grouping the least used by the participants with DS.

Relación parental, autoestima y sintomatologia depresiva en jóvenes adultos. Implicaciones de los conflictos interparentales, coalición y triangulación / Parental relationships, self-esteem and depressive symptoms in young adults. Implications of interparental conflicts, coalition and triangulation

El presente estudio se propone examinar la asociación entre la calidad de la relación con los padres, la autoestima y la sintomatología depresiva, en una muestra de 584 jóvenes portugueses entre 18 y 30 años de edad. También se evalúa el papel mediador de los conflictos, en la asociación entre la calidad de la relación con los padres y la autoestima. La evaluación se ha hecho mediante los instrumentos Network Relationship Inventory, Children's Perception oflnterparental Conflict Scale, Loyalty Conflict Scale, Self-Esteem Scale y Depression Scale. Los resultados determinan que la calidad de la relación con ambos padres disminuye el efecto del conflicto interparental, tal como de la coalición y la triangulación a los hijos. Para la madre, los conflictos ejercen un papel mediador entre la calidad de la relación con la madre y la autoestima. Los conflictos ejercen también un efecto negativo en la sintomatología depresiva. En el padre, se verifica una mediación de la autoestima por parte de la calidad de la relación con el padre y la sintomatología depresiva. El estudio destaca la necesidad de intervención en las competencias de los padres, para prevenir el desarrollo psicopatológico en los jóvenes.

The present study examines the associations between quality of relationships with parents, self-esteem and depressive symptomatology in a sample of584 Portuguese young adults, 18 to 30 aged. In addition, it tests the mediating role of interparental conflict in the association between quality of the relationship with parents and self-esteem. Evaluation was done through the Network Relationship Inventory, the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, Loyalty Conflict Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale and the Depression Scale. The results indicated that the quality of the relationship with both parents decreases the effect of interparental conflict such as coalition and triangulation in young adults. Interparental conflict plays a mediating role between the quality of mother relationship and self-esteem. The conflicts have a negative effect on depression. Regarding the father relationship, self-esteem plays a meditating role in the association between quality of father relationship and depressive symptomatology. The study emphasizes intervention in parenting competencies to prevent psychopathology in youth development.