Application of magnetic ionomer for development of very fast and highly efficient uptake of triazo dye Direct Blue 71 form different water samples.

This research focuses on removing Direct Blue 71 (DB 71) from aqueous solution in an efficient and very fast route by ionic liquid mediated γ-Fe2O3 magnetic ionomer. 2-hydroxyethylammonium sulphonate immobilized on γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3-2-HEAS) was used for this purpose. The influence of shaking time, medium pH, the concentration of sorbent and NaNO3 on removal was evaluated to greatly influence removal extent. The optimal removal conditions were determined by response surface methodology based on the four-variable central composite design to obtain maximum removal efficiency and determine the significance and interaction effect of the variables on the removal of target triazo dye. The results have shown that an amount of 98.2% as % removal under the optimum conditions. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were well fitted to a pseudo-second order model and Freundlich model, respectively. Based on these models, the maximum dye adsorption capacity (Qm) of 47.60mgg-1 was obtained. Finally, the proposed nano-adsorbent was applied satisfactorily for removal of target triazo dye from different water samples.

Direct Blue 71 staining as a destaining-free alternative loading control method for Western blotting.

In Western blotting, a suitable loading control is indispensable for correcting errors in the total amount of loaded protein. Immunodetection of housekeeping proteins and total protein staining have traditionally been used as loading control methods. Direct Blue 71 (DB71) staining-a novel, sensitive, dye-binding staining method compatible with immunodetection-may offer advantages over these traditional loading control methods. Three common neuroscientific samples (human plasma, human oligodendrocytes, and rat brain) were employed to assess DB71 staining as a loading control method for Western blotting. DB71, CBB, one traditional housekeeping protein, and one protein of interest were comparatively assessed for reliability and repeatability and linear dynamic range over 2.5-40 µg of protein loaded. DB71's effect on the reliability and repeatability and linear dynamic range of immunoreaction were also assessed. Across all three sample types, DB71 was either equivalent or superior to CBB and housekeeping protein-based methods in terms of reliability and repeatability and linear dynamic range. Across all three sample types, DB71 staining did not impair the reliability and repeatability or linear dynamic range of immunoreaction. Our results demonstrate that the DB71 staining can be used as a destaining-free alternative loading control method for Western blotting.

Preparation and characterization of chemically cross-linked zwitterionic copolymer hydrogel for direct dye and toxic trace metal removal from aqueous medium.

In this work, a zwitterionic copolymer hydrogel with adsorption affinity toward anionic dye and cationic trace metal was prepared by a free radical copolymerization of cationic ([3-(methacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride (MPTC)) and anionic (sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (SVBS)) monomers. Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate was used as a cross-linker and its effect on the adsorption properties of the prepared hydrogel was evaluated. The prepared materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and N2 adsorption at 77 K analysis. FTIR and EDX analysis demonstrated the successful preparation of poly(MPTC-co-VBS). XRD and SEM analysis showed that the poly (MPTC-co-VBS) is amorphous and has quasi-honeycomb morphology with large pores. Increasing the amount of the cross-linker enhanced the adsorption of direct blue 71 dye (DB71) and Pb(II) ions. The highest removal of DB71 and Pb(II) was achieved after 2 h using 1.5 g/L of poly(MPTC-co-VBS); however, the optimum solution pH was 3 for DB71 and 5 for Pb(II). The kinetics and isotherm studies illustrated that the surface of poly(MPTC-co-VBS) is heterogenous with small-sized homogenous pitches and the DB71 and Pb(II) adsorption onto poly(MPTC-co-VBS) is favorable. Finally, poly(MPTC-co-VBS) is more efficient in removing DB71 and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions than many other reported adsorbents.

Influence of Zinc and Humic Acids on Dye Adsorption from Water by Two Composts.

Searching for alternative low-cost biosorbents for the removal of textile dyes from wastewater is currently an important subject of research. In this work, we have investigated how the presence of other contaminants in textile wastewaters can affect dye adsorption by biosorbents. We tested the adsorption of three dyes of different types: Basic Violet 10 (BV10), Acid Blue 113 (AB113) and Direct Blue 71 (DB71) by two different composts-municipal solid waste compost and pine bark compost-in the presence of Zn (5 mg L-1) or dissolved organic matter (100 mg humic acids L-1) in batch experiments. Dye adsorption capacity for both composts followed the following sequence: BV10 > AB113 > DB71. In general, dye sorption at the equilibrium was adequately described by the Freundlich model, but not always by the Langmuir model, which did not allow for the estimation of maximum retention capacities in all cases. In general, these were around 1 mg g-1 for DB71, 2 mg g-1 for AB113, and 40 mg g-1 for BV10. Municipal solid waste compost had slightly higher affinity than pine bark compost for the anionic dyes AB113 and DB71, whereas for the cationic dye BV10, pine bark compost presented a much higher adsorption capacity (41.7 mg g-1 versus 6.8 mg g-1). The presence of Zn or dissolved organic matter in the solutions at typical wastewater concentrations did not decrease the dye adsorption capacity of the composts. This result is positive both for the real application of composts to real textile wastewaters and for the validity of the results of biosorbent performance obtained with single-dye solutions.

Simultaneous and sequential combination of electrocoagulation and ozonation by Al and Fe electrodes for DirectBlue71 treatment in a new reactor: Synergistic effect and kinetics study.

In this study, the simultaneous combination of electrocoagulation and ozonation (EC-O3) was optimized in a new reactor for Direct Blue 71 treatment and compared to electrocoagulation (EC), ozonation (O3), and their sequential combination (EC→O3) by considering the performance criteria (dye and naphthalene ring removal efficiency), economic assessment (energy and anode consumption), chemical degradability, mineralization rate, and kinetic study. Applying a middle wall in the reactor improved coagulation under ozone-induced rapid mixing on the first side and flocculation under flow-induced slow mixing on the other side which reduced the floc breakage at high ozone dosages. Dye, COD, and TOC removal rate was in the following order: EC(Al)-O3>EC(Fe)-O3>EC(Al)→O3>EC(Fe)→O3>EC(Al)>EC(Fe)>O3. The synergistic effect of simultaneous combined process on dye, COD, and TOC removal were obtained 1.97, 1.42, and 1.69 for EC(Al)-O3 and 1.37, 1.14, and 1.26 for EC(Fe)-O3, respectively, which showed more ozone activation in the presence of Al ions compared to Fe ions. Also, ozone-induced corrosion for Al electrode was less than Fe electrode, which reduced anode consumption and operation cost. Finally, EC(Al)-O3 due to best performance and EC(Fe)→O3 due to optimal use of EC for decolorization and O3 for oxidation, with dye, COD, and TOC removal efficiency, energy and anode consumption, and operation cost equal to 99, 51, and 62%, 18.6 kWh m-3, 0.05 kg m-3 and 0.21 $ m-3, respectively, for EC(Al)-O3 and 99, 44.5, and 51%, 6.7 kWh m-3, 0.2 kg m-3 and 0.14 $ m-3, respectively, for EC(Fe)→O3, are suggested as suitable options for dye wastewater treatment.

Direct Blue 71 removal from aqueous solution by laccase-mediated system; A dataset.

The removal of Direct Blue 71 (DB71), by laccase (EC 1.10.3.2, p-bezenediol:dioxygen oxidoreductases) enzyme in presence of 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), in aqueous solution was investigated. Data on this article focused on the optimizing and modeling of DB71 removal by Response surface method (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD), through studying the effective variables as follows: ABTS dose (0.05-0.2 mM), Laccase dose (0.05-0.2 U mL-1), and pH (3-7). The results of experimental showed that laccase was able to removal DB71 with removal percentage of 83% at concentration of 50 mg L-1 after 30 min incubation in presence of ABTS 0.2 mM, at temperature 40 °C and pH 5. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the predicted quadratic model was done and quadratic equation showed significant R-Squared (0.9969), Adjusted R-Squared (0.9914) and Adequate Precision (49.7). The lack of fit is not significant due to p-value prob > F more than 0.05.

Total mineralization of mixtures of Tartrazine, Ponceau SS and Direct Blue 71 azo dyes by solar photoelectro-Fenton in pre-pilot plant.

Mixtures of monoazo Tartrazine, diazo Ponceau SS and triazo Direct Blue 71 dyes with 105 mg L-1 of total organic carbon (TOC) in 0.050 M Na2SO4 at pH 3.0 have been treated by solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF). Experiments were carried out in a 2.5 L pre-pilot plant with a Pt/air-diffusion cell coupled to a solar planar photoreactor. Comparative trials were made by anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (AO-H2O2) and electro-Fenton (EF) to better understand the role of oxidizing agents. AO-H2O2 gave poor degradation due to the low oxidation ability of OH formed at the Pt anode and H2O2 produced at the cathode. Similar color removal was achieved in EF and SPEF because the main oxidant was OH formed in the bulk from Fenton's reaction. EF yielded partial mineralization by formation of molecules with high stability against OH. In contrast, these by-products were rapidly photolyzed under sunlight irradiation in SPEF, which was the most powerful treatment. Up to 8 linear final carboxylic acids were detected, along with the release of sulfate and ammonium ions. The effect of Fe2+ and azo dye concentrations, and current density over the SPEF performance was assessed. Total mineralization of azo dyes mixtures occurred when operating up to 105 mg L-1 TOC with 0.50 mM Fe2+ at 100 mA cm-2.

Enhanced removal of hazardous dye form aqueous solutions and real textile wastewater using bifunctional chitin/lignin biosorbent.

A new biomaterial based on chitin and lignin was prepared and applied for the removal of hazardous dye C.I. Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from aqueous solutions and wastewaters. The dye sorption on the chitin/lignin biosorbent (Ch/L) was examined depending on the initial dye concentration (50-200mg/L), phase contact time (1-1440min), kind of auxiliaries (NaCl, Na2SO4, anionic surfactant SDS) and their concentrations (1-20g/L salts, 0.1-0.75g/L SDS), initial solution pH as well as temperature (20-50°C). The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of C.I. Direct Blue 71 uptake by chitin/lignin followed by the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second order model rather than the Langmuir, Tempkin models, and pseudo-first order model. C.I. Direct Blue 71 adsorption on chitin/lignin was spontaneous (-2.86 to -8.14kJ/mol) and endothermic (60.1kJ/mol). The possibilities of dye elution and reuse by means of the batch method were investigated and as follows the chemical reaction is an inseparable sorption mechanism. Purification of wastewaters containing direct dyes was made with 91% efficiency after 1h of phase contact time. For comparison, data obtained or obtained results in the DB71-chitin (Ch) system were also presented.