Garnet secondary ion mass spectrometry oxygen isotopes reveal crucial roles of pulsed magmatic fluid and its mixing with meteoric water in lode gold genesis.

SignificanceThere is a common consensus that lode gold deposits mostly precipitated from metamorphic fluids via fluid boiling and/or fluid-rock interaction, but whether magmatic hydrothermal fluids and the mixing of such fluids with an external component have played a vital role in the formation of lode gold deposits remains elusive. We use garnet secondary ion mass spectrometry oxygen isotope analysis to demonstrate that the world-class Dongping lode gold deposit has been formed by multiple pulses of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and their mixing with large volumes of meteoric water. This study opens an opportunity to tightly constrain the origin of lode gold deposits worldwide and other hydrothermal systems that may have generated giant ore deposits in the Earth's crust.

Machine Learning on Microstructure-Property Relationship of Lithium-Ion Conducting Oxide Solid Electrolytes.

Understanding the structure-property relationship of lithium-ion conducting solid oxide electrolytes is essential to accelerate their development and commercialization. However, the structural complexity of nonideal materials increases the difficulty of study. Here, we develop an algorithmic framework to understand the effect of microstructure on the properties by linking the microscopic morphology images to their ionic conductivities. We adopt garnet and perovskite polycrystalline oxides as examples and quantify the microscopic morphologies via extracting determined physical parameters from the images. It directly visualizes the effect of physical parameters on their corresponding ionic conductivities. As a result, we can determine the microstructural features of a Li-ion conductor with high ionic conductivity, which can guide the synthesis of highly conductive solid electrolytes. Our work provides a novel approach to understanding the microstructure-property relationship for solid-state ionic materials, showing the potential to extend to other structural/functional ceramics with various physical properties in other fields.

Synergistically Engineering Grains and Grain Boundaries toward Li Dendrite-Free Li7La3Zr2O12.

Cation-doped cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 is regarded as a promising solid electrolyte for safe and energy-dense solid-state lithium batteries. However, it suffers from the formation of Li2CO3 and high electronic conductivity, which give rise to an unconformable Li/Li7La3Zr2O12 interface and lithium dendrites. Herein, composite AlF3-Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 solid electrolytes were created based on thermal AlF3 decomposition and F/O displacement reactions under a high-temperature sintering process. When the AlF3 is thermally decomposed, it leaves Al2O3/AlF3 meliorating the grain boundaries and F- ions partially displacing O2- ions in the grains. Due to the higher electronegativity of F- in the grains and the grain-boundary modification, these AlF3-Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 deliver optimized electronic conduction and chemical stability against the formation of Li2CO3. The Li/AlF3-Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/Li cell exhibits a low interfacial resistance of ∼16 Ω cm2 and an ultrastable long-term cycling behavior for 800 h under a current density of 200 µA/cm2, leading to Li//LiCoO2 solid-state batteries with good rate performance and cycling stability.

High-Performance Tunable Near-Infrared Emitters of Cr3+-Activated Garnet Phosphor Enabled by Chemical Unit Co-Substitution.

The escalating demand for portable near-infrared (NIR) light sources has posed a formidable challenge to the development of NIR phosphors characterized by high efficiency and exceptional thermal stability. Taking inspiration from the chemical unit co-substitution strategy, high-performance tunable (Lu3- xCax)(Ga5- xGex)O12:6%Cr3+ (x = 0-3) phosphors are designed with an emission center from 704 to 780 nm and a broadest full width at half maximum (FWHM) of up to 172 nm by introducing Ca2+ and Ge4+ ions into the garnet structure. In particular, Lu3Ga5O12:6%Cr3+ demonstrates an anti-thermal quenching phenomenon (I423K = 113.1%). Compared to Lu3Ga5O12:6%Cr3+, Lu2CaGa4GeO12:6%Cr3+ exhibits significantly improved FWHM and IQE by 108 nm and 25.5%, respectively, while maintaining good thermal stability (I423K = 80.4%). Finally, Lu2CaGa4GeO12:6%Cr3+ phosphor is combined with a 465 nm blue LED chip to fabricate NIR LED devices, exhibiting a NIR electroluminescence efficiency of 13.31%@100 mA and demonstrating successful applications in nocturnal illumination and biomedical imaging technology. This work offers a fresh perspective on the design of highly efficient NIR garnet phosphors.

LiPF6 Induces Phosphorization of Garnet-Type Solid-State Electrolyte for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Garnet solid electrolyte Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) is an excellent inorganic ceramic-type solid electrolyte; however, the presence of Li2 CO3 impurities on its surface hinders Li-ion transport and increases the interface impedance. In contrast to traditional methods of mechanical polishing, acid corrosion, and high-temperature reduction for removing Li2 CO3 , herein, a straightforward "waste-to-treasure" strategy is proposed to transform Li2 CO3 into Li3 PO4 and LiF in LiPF6 solution under 60 °C. It is found that the formation of Li3 PO4 during LLZTO pretreatment facilitates rapid Li-ion transport and enhances ionic conductivity, and the LLZTO/PAN composite polymer electrolyte shows the highest Li-ion transference number of 0.63. Additionally, the dense LiF layer serves to safeguard the internal garnet solid electrolyte against solvent decomposition-induced chemical adsorption. Symmetric Li/Li cells assembled with treated LLZTO/PAN composite electrolyte exhibit a critical current density of 1.1 mA cm-2 and a long lifespan of up to 700 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2 . The Li/LiFePO4 solid-state cells demonstrate stable cycling performances for 141 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C, with capacity retention of 93.6% after 190 cycles. This work presents a novel approach to converting waste into valuable resources, offering the advantages of simple processes, and minimal side reactions.

In-Situ Construction of Electronically Insulating and Air-Stable Ionic Conductor Layer on Electrolyte Surface and Grain Boundary to Enable High-Performance Garnet-Type Solid-State Batteries.

Lithophobic Li2CO3/LiOH contaminants and high-resistance lithium-deficient phases produced from the exposure of garnet electrolyte to air leads to a decrease in electrolyte ion transfer ability. Additionally, garnet electrolyte grain boundaries (GBs) with narrow bandgap and high electron conductivity are potential channels for current leakage, which accelerate Li dendrites generation, ultimately leading to short-circuiting of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Herein, a stably lithiophilic Li2ZO3 is in situ constructed at garnet electrolyte surface and GBs by interfacial modification with ZrO2 and Li2CO3 (Z+C) co-sintering to eliminate the detrimental contaminants and lithium-deficient phases. The Li2ZO3 formed on the modified electrolyte (LLZTO-(Z+C)) surface effectively improves the interfacial compatibility and air stability of the electrolyte. Li2ZO3 formed at GBs broadens the energy bandgaps of LLZTO-(Z+C) and significantly inhibits lithium dendrite generation. More Li+ transport paths found in LLZTO-Z+C by first-principles calculations increase Li+ conductivity from 1.04×10-4 to 7.45×10-4 S cm-1. Eventually, the Li|LLZTO-(Z+C)|Li symmetric cell maintains stable cycling for over 2000 h at 0.8 mA cm-2. The capacity retention of LiFePO4|LLZTO-(Z+C)|Li battery retains 70.5% after 5800 ultralong cycles at 4 C. This work provides a potential solution to simultaneously enhance the air stability and modulate chemical characteristics of the garnet electrolyte surface and GBs for ASSBs.

A Strategy for Enhancing Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Yttrium Iron Garnet Films.

In future information storage and processing, magnonics is one of the most promising candidates to replace traditional microelectronics. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have aroused widespread interest in magnonics. Obtaining strong PMA in a thick YIG film with a small lattice mismatch (η) has been fascinating but challenging. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to reduce the required minimum strain value for producing PMA and increase the maximum thickness for maintaining PMA in YIG films by slight oxygen deficiency. Strong PMA is achieved in the YIG film with an η of only 0.4% and a film thickness up to 60 nm, representing the strongest PMA for such a small η reported so far. Combining transmission electron microscopy analyses, magnetic measurements, and a theoretical model, it is demonstrated that the enhancement of PMA physically originates from the reduction of saturation magnetization and the increase of magnetostriction coefficient induced by oxygen deficiency. The Gilbert damping values of the 60-nm-thick YIG films with PMA are on the order of 10-4. This strategy improves the flexibility for the practical applications of YIG-based magnonic devices and provides promising insights for the theoretical understanding and the experimental enhancement of PMA in garnet films.

Surface Coordination of Garnet Fillers Improves the Organic-Inorganic Interfacial Compatibility of Composite Solid Electrolyte.

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) have become one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes due to their favorable safety and flexibility. However, the weak interaction between inorganic fillers and polymer matrix leads to poor organic-inorganic interfacial compatibility, which degrades the electrochemical performance of CSEs. Herein, it is demonstrated that Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) can be chemically bonded to the polymer matrix by surface coordination of the 1,2-dithiolane group of lipoic acid (LA) with metal atoms on the surface of LLZTO through a combination of experimental investigations and theoretical calculations. The surface coordination not only enhances the interfacial compatibility between LLZTO and the polymer matrix, but also facilitates rapid Li+ transport, which leads to the ionic conductivity of the prepared CSE (P-V-M@LLZTO) as high as 6.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 30 °C. The excellent interface compatibility ensures a stable cycle of Li/P-V-M@LLZTO/Li symmetrical cell for more than 3500 h. As a result, LiFePO4/P-V-M@LLZTO/Li cell delivers the discharge capacity of 161 mAh g-1 after 5 cycles with a capacity retention of 81% after 500 cycles at 0.5C under 30 °C. This work demonstrates that surface coordination is an effective strategy to solve the inherent interfacial incompatibility problem in CSEs.

Single-Ion Conductive Polymer-Based Composite Electrolytes for High-Performance Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Flexible composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with inorganic electrolyte fillers dispersed in polymer electrolytes integrate the merits of the polymer and inorganic electrolytes and have attracted much attention in recent years. In order to increase the electrochemical performance, especially the low lithium (Li)-ion transference number in traditional dual-ion Li salt-containing CPEs, single-ion conductive CPEs are synthesized with a single-ion polymer conductor (SIPC) as the matrix and Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) particles as the active fillers. The single-ion conductive CPEs show a high Li-ion transference number (up to 0.96), high room-temperature (RT) ionic conductivity (>1.0 × 10-4 S cm-1 ), wide electrochemical stability window (>5.0 V, vs Li/Li+ ), and excellent long-term cycling stability with Li metal at RT (3200 h). Based on the SIPC-LLZTO CPE, the solid-state lithium metal batteries with LiFePO4 - and LiCoO2 -based cathodes deliver average discharge capacities of 159 mAh g-1 for 600 cycles and 119 mAh g-1 for 200 cycles at RT, respectively. This study sheds light on the design of high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Rapid, Micron-Resolution 3D Printing of Nd:YAG Ceramic with Optical Gain.

Polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic doped with neodymium (Nd), referred to as Nd:YAG, is widely used in solid-state lasers. However, conventional powder metallurgy methods suffer from expenses, time consumption, and limitations in customizing structures. This study introduces a novel approach for creating Nd:YAG ceramics with 3D free-form structures from micron (∼70 µm) to centimeter scales. Firstly, sol-gel synthesis is employed to form photocurable colloidal solutions. Subsequently, by utilizing a home-built micro-continuous liquid interface printing process, precursors are printed into 3D poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels containing yttrium, aluminum, and neodymium hydroxides, with a resolution of 5.8 µm pixel-1 at a speed of 10 µm s-1. After the hydrogels undergo thermal dehydration, debinding, and sintering, polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics featuring distinguishable grains are successfully produced. By optimizing the concentrations of the sintering aids (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and neodymium trichloride (NdCl3), the resultant samples exhibit satisfactory photoluminescence, emitting light concentrated at 1064 nm when stimulated by a 532 nm laser. Additionally, Nd:YAG ceramics with various 3D geometries (e.g., cone, spiral, and angled pillar) are printed and characterized, which demonstrates the potential for applications, such as laser and amplifier fibers, couplers, and splitters in optical circuits, as well as gain metamaterials or metasurfaces.

Optimized Lithium Ion Coordination via Chlorine Substitution to Enhance Ionic Conductivity of Garnet-Based Solid Electrolytes.

Garnet-type solid-state electrolytes attract abundant attentions due to the broad electrochemical window and remarkable thermal stability while their poor ionic conductivity obstructs their widespread application in all-solid-state batteries. Herein, the enhanced ionic conductivity of garnet-type solid electrolytes is achieved by partially substituting O2- sites with Cl- anions, which effectively reduce Li+ migration barriers while preserving the highly conductive cubic phase of garnet-type solid-state electrolytes. This substitution not only weakens the anchoring effect of anions on Li+ to widen the size of Li+ diffusion channel but also optimizes the occupancy of Li+ at different sites, resulting in a substantial reduction of the Li+ migration barrier and a notable improvement in ionic conductivity. Leveraging these advantageous properties, the developed Li6.35La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O11.85-Cl0.15 (LLZTO-0.15Cl) electrolyte demonstrates high Li+ conductivity of 4.21×10-6 S cm-1. When integrated with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode and metallic lithium anode, the LLZTO-0.15Cl electrolyte enables the solid-state battery to operate for more than 100 cycles with a high capacity retention of 76.61% and superior Coulombic efficiency of 99.48%. This work shows a new strategy for modulating anionic framework to enhance the conductivity of garnet-type solid-state electrolytes.

Accelerating the Development of LLZO in Solid-State Batteries Toward Commercialization: A Comprehensive Review.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are under development as high-priority technologies for safe and energy-dense next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems operating over a wide temperature range. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibit high thermal stability and, in some cases, the ability to prevent dendrite growth through a physical barrier, and compatibility with the "holy grail" metallic lithium. These unique advantages of SSEs have spurred significant research interests during the last decade. Garnet-type SSEs, that is, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), are intensively investigated due to their high Li-ion conductivity and exceptional chemical and electrochemical stability against lithium metal anodes. However, poor interfacial contact with cathode materials, undesirable lithium plating along grain boundaries, and moisture-induced chemical degradation greatly hinder the practical implementation of LLZO-based SSEs for SSBs. In this review, the recent advances in synthesis methods, modification strategies, corresponding mechanisms, and applications of garnet-based SSEs in SSBs are critically summarized. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of the challenges and development trends of LLZO-based electrolytes in practical applications is presented to accelerate their development for high-performance SSBs.

Variations in orientation relationships between rutile inclusions and garnet host relate to magmatic growth zoning.

Rutile inclusions in almandine-spessartine garnet from a peraluminous pegmatoid from the Moldanubian zone (Bohemian Massif, AT) show distinct changes in aspect ratio, shape preferred orientations (SPO) and crystallographic orientation relationships (COR) along the transition between microstructurally different growth zones in the garnet core and rim. For identification of the COR characteristics we pool specific CORs based on their common axial relationship into three COR groups: Group 103R/111G, Group 001R/111G and Group 001R/100G. The rutile inclusions in the garnet core domains are elongated along the four Grt ⟨ 111 ⟩ directions and are dominated by COR Group 103R/111G. The garnet rim zone additionally contains rutile needles elongated along Grt ⟨ 100 ⟩ . Here, Group 001R/111G and 001R/100G are more abundant than in the garnet core. Needle-shaped rutile in the rim shows a systematic correlation between SPOs and CORs as needles elongated parallel to Grt ⟨ 111 ⟩ are dominated by Group 103R/111G and 001R/111G, whereas those needles elongated parallel to Grt ⟨ 100 ⟩ exclusively pertain to CORs of 001R/100G. Furthermore, the frequency of each particular SPO in the garnet rim clearly depends on the local growth direction of the particular Grt{112} sector. Facet-specific variations in rutile SPO frequencies in different sectors and growth zones of garnet were observed even between equivalent directions, indicating that the microstructures and textures of rutile inclusions reflect varying parameters of garnet growth. The characteristic differences in COR groups of different garnet growth zones are referred to compositional changes in the bulk melt or compositional boundary layer, associated with magmatic fractional crystallisation. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00410-024-02146-9.

Dostarlimab: A promising new PD-1 inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Dostarlimab, a humanized monoclonal PD-1 blocking antibody, is being tested as a cancer therapy in this review. Specifically, it addresses mismatch repair failure in endometrial cancer and locally progressed rectal cancer patients. DATA SOURCES: A thorough database search found Dostarlimab clinical trials and studies. Published publications and ongoing clinical trials on Dostarlimab's efficacy as a single therapy and in conjunction with other medicines across cancer types were searched. DATA SUMMARY: The review recommends Dostarlimab for endometrial cancer mismatch repair failure, as supported by GARNET studies. The analysis also highlights locally advanced rectal cancer findings. In the evolving area of cancer therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors including pembrolizumab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and durvalumab were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Locally advanced rectal cancer patients responded 100% to Dostarlimab. Many clinical trials, including ROSCAN, AMBER, IOLite, CITRINO, JASPER, OPAL, PRIME, PERLA, and others, are investigating Dostarlimab in combination treatment. This research sheds light on Dostarlimab's current and future possibilities, in improving cancer immunotherapy understanding.

A Novel 3D High Resolution Imaging Method Using Correlative X-Ray and Electron Microscopy to Study Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser-Induced Defects in Intraocular Lenses.

INTRODUCTION: Cataract extraction is the most frequently performed ophthalmological procedure worldwide. Posterior capsule opacification remains the most common consequence after cataract surgery and can lead to deterioration of the visual performance with cloudy, blurred vision and halo, glare effects. Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is the gold standard treatment and a very effective, safe and fast procedure in removing the cloudy posterior capsule. Damaging the intraocular lens (IOL) during the treatment may occur due to wrong focus of the laser beam. These YAG-pits may lead to a permanent impairment of the visual quality. METHODS: In an experimental study, we intentionally induced YAG pits in hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic IOLs using a photodisruption laser with 2.6 mJ. This experimental study established a novel 3D imaging method using correlative X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize these damages. By integrating the information obtained from both X-ray microscopy and SEM, a comprehensive picture of the materials structure and performance could be established. RESULTS: It could be revealed that although the exact same energies were used to all samples, the observed defects in the tested lenses showed severe differences in shape and depth. While YAG pits in hydrophilic samples range from 100 to 180 µm depth with a round shape tip, very sharp tipped defects up to 250 µm in depth were found in hydrophobic samples. In all samples, particles/fragments of the IOL material were found on the surface that were blasted out as a result of the laser shelling. CONCLUSION: Defects in hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic materials differ. Material particles can detach from the IOL and were found on the surface of the samples. The results of the laboratory study illustrate the importance of a precise and careful approach to Nd:YAG capsulotomy in order to avoid permanent damage to the IOL. The use of an appropriate contact glass and posterior offset setting to increase safety should be carried out routinely.

Garnet sand reveals rock recycling processes in the youngest exhumed high- and ultrahigh-pressure terrane on Earth.

Rock recycling within the forearcs of subduction zones involves subduction of sediments and hydrated lithosphere into the upper mantle, exhumation of rocks to the surface, and erosion to form new sediment. The compositions of, and inclusions within detrital minerals revealed by electron microprobe analysis and Raman spectroscopy preserve petrogenetic clues that can be related to transit through the rock cycle. We report the discovery of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) indicator mineral coesite as inclusions in detrital garnet from a modern placer deposit in the actively exhuming Late Miocene-Recent high- and ultrahigh-pressure ((U)HP) metamorphic terrane of eastern Papua New Guinea. Garnet compositions indicate the coesite-bearing detrital garnets are sourced from felsic protoliths. Carbonate, graphite, and CO2 inclusions also provide observational constraints for geochemical cycling of carbon and volatiles during subduction. Additional discoveries include polyphase inclusions of metastable polymorphs of SiO2 (cristobalite) and K-feldspar (kokchetavite) that we interpret as rapidly cooled former melt inclusions. Application of elastic thermobarometry on coexisting quartz and zircon inclusions in six detrital garnets indicates elastic equilibration during exhumation at granulite and amphibolite facies conditions. The garnet placer deposit preserves a record of the complete rock cycle, operative on <10-My geologic timescales, including subduction of sedimentary protoliths to UHP conditions, rapid exhumation, surface uplift, and erosion. Detrital garnet geochemistry and inclusion suites from both modern sediments and stratigraphic sections can be used to decipher the petrologic evolution of plate boundary zones and reveal recycling processes throughout Earth's history.

Atomic-scale insights into quantum-order parameters in bismuth-doped iron garnet.

Bismuth and rare earth elements have been identified as effective substituent elements in the iron garnet structure, allowing an enhancement in magneto-optical response by several orders of magnitude in the visible and near-infrared region. Various mechanisms have been proposed to account for such enhancement, but testing of these ideas is hampered by a lack of suitable experimental data, where information is required not only regarding the lattice sites where substituent atoms are located but also how these atoms affect various order parameters. Here, we show for a Bi-substituted lutetium iron garnet how a suite of advanced electron microscopy techniques, combined with theoretical calculations, can be used to determine the interactions between a range of quantum-order parameters, including lattice, charge, spin, orbital, and crystal field splitting energy. In particular, we determine how the Bi distribution results in lattice distortions that are coupled with changes in electronic structure at certain lattice sites. These results reveal that these lattice distortions result in a decrease in the crystal-field splitting energies at Fe sites and in a lifted orbital degeneracy at octahedral sites, while the antiferromagnetic spin order remains preserved, thereby contributing to enhanced magneto-optical response in bismuth-substituted iron garnet. The combination of subangstrom imaging techniques and atomic-scale spectroscopy opens up possibilities for revealing insights into hidden coupling effects between multiple quantum-order parameters, thereby further guiding research and development for a wide range of complex functional materials.

Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser treatment in ophthalmology: a review of the most common procedures Capsulotomy and Iridotomy.

Nowadays, lasers are used in various medical fields. Ophthalmology was the first medical specialty to utilize lasers in patient treatment and still remains the leading medical field that uses laser energy for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser is one of the most common lasers used in ophthalmology. It is a solid-state laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm that works on the principle of photodisruption. Since its introduction in ophthalmology over 40 years ago, it has found various applications, mainly for procedures where cutting or disruption of ocular tissue is required. Compared to surgical alternatives, the use of Nd: YAG lasers on ocular tissue is minimally invasive. In this review, we focus on the two most common ophthalmic applications of Nd: YAG laser - laser peripheral iridotomy and posterior capsulotomy. The history of the techniques, current trends, potential complications, and the prognosis for future use is discussed.

Efficacy of scaling and root planing with and without adjunct Nd:YAG laser therapy on glucose control and periodontal microecological imbalance in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the effects of Nd:YAG laser-assisted with subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment on glucose control and the dynamic changes of subgingival microbiome in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients were split into Nd:YAG group (n = 11) and SRP group (n = 11). Patients in the Nd:YAG group received SRP and auxiliary Nd:YAG laser treatment; patients in the SRP group received SRP treatment only. Periodontal tissue inflammation and glycemic control were assessed and analyzed during the treatment period and the changes of subgingival microbiome were analyzed by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, PD and CAL values improved significantly in the Nd:YAG group compared to the SRP group. BOP in both groups improved significantly after treatment. FPG levels in the Nd:YAG group were significantly reduced after treatment. Porphyromonas and Porphyromonadaceae were enriched in the Nd:YAG group at baseline, and Fusobacteriota, Fusobacteriia, Fusobacteriales, Leptotrichiaceae, and Leptotrichia were enriched after treatment. CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG laser-assisted SRP therapy has additional benefits in improving periodontal tissue inflammation and blood glucose control in periodontitis patients with T2DM compared with SRP therapy alone and there was a trend towards a decrease in disease-associated taxa and an increase in health-associated taxa following auxiliary Nd:YAG laser treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The effects of Nd:YAG laser-assisted SRP treatment on inflammation, glucose control, and subgingival microbiome in periodontitis patients with T2DM were elucidated, and new ideas for the treatment of T2DM periodontitis were provided.

Trace Fluorinated Carbon Dots Driven Li-Garnet Solid-State Batteries.

Garnet solid-state electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) holds significant promise. However, the practical utilization has been seriously impeded by the poor contact of Li|garnet and electron leakage. Herein, one new type of garnet-based solid-state battery is proposed with high performance through the disparity in interfacial energy, induced by the reaction between trace fluorinated carbon dots (FCDs) and Li. The work of adhesion of Li|garnet is increased by the acquired Li-FCD composite, which facilitates an intimate Li|garnet interface with the promoted uniform Li+ deposition, revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is further validated that a concentrated C-Li2O-LiF component at the Li|garnet interface is spontaneously constructed, due to the significant disparity in interfacial energy between C-Li2O-LiF|LLZTO and C-Li2O-LiF|Li. Furthermore, The electron transport and Li dendrites penetration are effectively hindered by the formed Li2O and LiF. The Li-FCD|LLZTO|Li-FCD symmetrical cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for over 3000 hours at 0.3 mA cm-2 and 800 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the LFP|garnet|Li-FCD full cell exhibits remarkable cycling performance (91.6 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C). Our research has revealed a novel approach to establish a dendrite-free Li|garnet interface, laying the groundwork for future advancements in garnet-based solid-state batteries.