Evaluation of the relationship between GOHAI, MNA and the dental hygiene of using denture wearers for older patients.

BACKGROUND: The use of removable dentures increase due to tooth loss that occurs with ageing. The relationship between age, use of removable dentures and nutrition is important. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the GOHAI, the MNA, and the dental hygiene of older patients using dental prostheses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of people over 65 who used removable prostheses in at least one jaw (partial or complete denture) for a minimum of 6 months (n = 120). The data were collected using questionnaires of a qualified examiner and oral clinical tests with interviewers in person. The subjects' nutritional status was assessed by a Turkish version of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA). GOHAI questionnaire was used to evaluate those aspects considered to have an impact on the quality of life of the older population, such as functional limitation, aesthetic dissatisfaction, chewing discomfort, avoidance of particular food, out-of-social contacts and self-medication administered for dental pain. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between the GOHAI score and sociodemographic and intraoral data (p > .050). A negative correlation was found between age and MNA. A statistically significant difference was found between the MNA score's median values according to the participant's education level, type of prosthesis, and marital status (p < .050). Good was determined as the highest GOHAI category with 54%. CONCLUSION: There is a negative correlation between age and MNA. The risk of malnutrition increases with age. Since the oral condition also affects the patient's systemic condition, the team caring for geriatric patients must bring these people to the maximum level of life in a multidisciplinary manner.

Linking the demographic, socio-economic and oral health status to oral health-related quality of life of the sudanese older adults: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is an important measure of patients' needs and progress. Identifying the links between clinical and non-clinical factors with OHRQoL in a specific population will facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the OHRQoL of Sudanese older adults, and to identify the possible relations between clinical and non-clinical predictors with OHRQoL using Wilson and Cleary model. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults attending the out-patient clinics in Khartoum State's Health Care Centers, Sudan. OHRQoL was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Two modifications of Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model were tested using structural equations modeling including: oral health status, symptom status, perceived difficulty of chewing, oral health perceptions, and OHRQoL. RESULTS: 249 older adults participated in the study. Their mean age was 68.24 (± 6.7) years. The mean GOHAI score was 53.96 (± 6.31) and trouble biting/chewing was the most commonly reported negative impact. Wilson and Cleary models showed that pain, Perceived Difficulty Chewing (PDC), and Perceived Oral Health had a direct effect on OHRQoL. In model 1, age and gender had direct effects on oral health status, while education had direct effects on OHRQoL. In model 2, poor oral health status is associated indirectly with poor OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: The OHRQoL of the studied Sudanese older adults was relatively good. The study partially confirmed Wilson and Cleary model as Oral Health Status was related directly to PDC and indirectly to OHRQoL through functional status.

Comparison of psychometric properties of GOHAI, OHIP-14, and OHIP-EDENT as measures of oral health in complete edentulous patients aged 60 years and more.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the psychometric properties of three OHRQoL indicators (GOHAI, OHIP-14, and OHIP-EDENT) in a group of complete edentulous subjects and to explore the ability of these instruments to distinguish between individuals with different prosthetic and oral health status. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Edentulous individuals aged 60 years and more were recruited between January 2019 and February 2020 in a medical and dental care centers. The Lebanese versions of GOHAI, OHIP-14, and OHIP-EDENT were used. External and internal consistencies were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach alpha, respectively. The concurrent validity was evaluated by testing the indicators against a proxy measure of a similar concept. To test their discriminative abilities, the ADD (GOHAI and OHIP) and SC (GOHAI and OHIP) scores were dichotomized according to the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively, and multivariate analyses were performed using sociodemographic, clinical, and subjective health parameters as explanatory variables. RESULTS: Two hundred and two edentulous subjects (age: 72.94 ± 7.378 years) were included. The proportion of subjects with no impact was lower for OHIP-EDENT (7.9%) compared to GOHAI (28.2%) and OHIP-14 (38.6%). Reproducibility was satisfactory for all OHRQoL tools since they were able to reproduce the results consistently in time (ICC > 0.80). The Cronbach alpha values were greater than 0.8 indicating acceptable internal consistency. The concurrent validity of the three tools was acceptable since subjects with lower OHRQoL score were less satisfied with their dentures and reported a higher need for self-rated therapy. Concerning the discriminant validity, OHIP-EDENT was more discriminant than OHIP-14 and GOHAI, since it was more able to identify patients with poor prosthetic issues or using instable denture. CONCLUSION: The OHIP-EDENT was more effective in identifying edentulous individuals with oral and prosthetic problems. Our results can help decide which dental instrument to use to assess the perception of oral health in edentulous individuals. More prospective studies are required to compare their evaluative properties.

Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and oral health-related quality of life in the elder Pakistani population.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to translate the English version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, assess its reliability and validity, and demonstrate its psychometric properties with regard to OHRQoL in the elder Pakistani population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 408 elder people were randomly recruited from three day-care centres. In the translation process, the translated Urdu version was reviewed by a committee of experts, followed by back-translation into English and re-reviewed by the same committee of experts. The questionnaire sought information about socio-demographic characteristics information and self-perception of oral, general health and treatment needs. OHRQoL was examined using GOHAI-U, and intraoral examination recorded the decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Reliability, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of GOHAI-U were examined. RESULTS: The mean GOHAI-U score was 40.2 (SD = 5.7, range = 20-55). The Cronbach's alpha for GOHAI score was 0.71, item-scale correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.76, and test-retest correlation ranged from 0.59 to 0.74. Three factors supported the theoretical construction in the component factor analysis of the index. For convergent validity, there was a significant relationship between the GOHAI score and self-perceived oral, general health and treatment needs (P < .05). For discriminant validity, a significant correlation was found between the GOHAI score and clinical measures of dental health status except with the carious teeth. CONCLUSION: The GOHAI-U has sufficient reliability and constructs validity to be used as an efficient measure of oral health-related quality of life in the Pakistani elder population.

Association Between Tobacco Smoking, Dental Status and Self-perceived Oral Health in Elderly Adults in Colombia.

Tobacco smoking is responsible for several health problems, including mouth diseases. The aim of the present study was to establish the association between smoking and dental status and self-perceived oral health in a large group of elderly Colombian adults. Analysis of 18,937 survey records of participants aged ≥ 60 years old was conducted. Information regarding age, sex, skin color, socioeconomic level, education, marital status, denture use, partial tooth loss or edentulism, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and tobacco smoking was retrieved from the database. A descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Half of the participants were edentulous in the maxilla while mandibular teeth were more frequently retained in more than 60% of the participants. After adjusting for sex and age, smoking consistently increased the odds of partial or complete edentulism in the maxilla (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and mandible (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08). Nonetheless, the increase in the odds in the mandible was not statistically significant. The habit of smoking was associated with increased tooth loss that in the long-term may result in poor oral health affecting the quality of life of elderly people.

Assessment of oral health-related quality of life, measured by OHIP-14 and GOHAI, and psychological profiling in burning mouth syndrome: A case-control clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) by comparing the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) tests, assessing their dependence with pain, anxiety and depression and, secondly, to analyse the changes in time after treatment with psychotropic drugs. METHODS: Twenty-six patients and 26 controls were included. The GOHAI, OHIP-14, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A) were performed at baseline (time 0) and after 6 months of treatment (time 1). Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for two independent samples and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for two paired samples were used. RESULTS: The scores from all outcome measurements were statistically significantly different between the cases and controls (P < .001) with a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP-14 (P < .001). The BMS patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the VAS, HAM-D and HAM-A scores from time 0 to time 1 (P < 0.001), and in the OHIP-14 scores (P < .004**) after the treatment, but no statistically significant difference in the GOHAI score (.464). CONCLUSIONS: Burning mouth syndrome patients showed poorer scores on all scales compared to the healthy subjects with a lower OHRQoL. OHIP-14 gives a greater weight to psychological and behavioural outcomes in evaluating oral health than GOHAI, and therefore, it is a more effective questionnaire in terms of the evaluation of the treatment response. The management of BMS can improve pain, anxiety and depression and the OHRQoL.

Validation of a modified version of the Spanish Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI-SP) for adults and elder people.

BACKGROUND: The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was developed and validated in 1990 and translated into Spanish in 1999. Since then, the original version has been used in numerous studies, but it has not been re-evaluated in terms of language in the new generations of older adults. The purpose of this study is to confirm the validity of the Spanish version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI-SP) after three decades to be used as part of an ongoing field trial. METHODS: The GOHAI-SP was pilot tested in a focus group to confirm linguistic comprehension. A version with minor language changes was administered to individuals with metabolic syndrome aged 55-75 years from one health care district in southern Spain as part of an ongoing field trial (PREDIMED-Plus). Clinical evaluation included assessment of dental and periodontal status. The psychometric properties of the GOHAI-SP were evaluated through stability and internal consistency measures, and concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed. RESULTS: The new version of the GOHAI-SP was administered to 100 individuals. The application time was reduced by 7 min. The alpha value for reliability was 0.87. The item-scale correlation coefficients ranged from 0.54 to 0.75, and the test-re-test correlation for the total score was 0.75. There were inverse correlations between GOHAI-SP scores and the number of lost teeth and the decayed-missing-filled teeth index (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The GOHAI-SP questionnaire remains a valid and useful tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in primary health care settings. A linguistic update of the questionnaire brought improvements to the instrument application. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The PREDIMED-Plus trial is registered in the ISRCTN registry with reference number ISRCTN89898870. Registration date: 4th July 2014.

Association between high psychological distress and poor oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in Japanese community-dwelling people: the Nagasaki Islands Study.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between psychological distress and oral health status/oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in Japanese community-dwelling people. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Nagasaki Islands Study. A total of 1183 (455 men and 728 women) has been analyzed in this study. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Oral health status was measured by dental examination. The OHQoL was measured using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). We defined the total score of ≥5 points on the K6 as high psychological distress (high-K6 group). RESULTS: The multiple linear regression analysis to identify the GOHAI showed that gender, K6, the total number of teeth, the number of dental caries, and visiting a dental clinic within the past 6 months significantly associated with the GOHAI. Among all of these variables, high-K6 (≥ 5) was a substantial contributing factor of the GOHAI (ß = - 0.23, 95% Cl - 2.31 to -1.41, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that the individual with high psychological distress was strongly related to poor OHQoL even in the general population.

[Clinical analysis of the short-term and long-term results of the implant-supported Trefoil dental rehabilitation in Russia]. / Klinicheskii analiz blizhaishikh i otdalennykh rezul'tatov primeneniya implantatsionnogo protezirovaniya «Trefoil¼ v Rossii.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to presents the first clinical medium-term (18 months) results of implant-supported rehabilitation using this method in Russia, with the special attention paid to the assessment of the patient's quality of life on the GOHAI scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors performed a clinical and paraclinical examination of 29 patients (20 women and 9 men). The age of the patients ranged from 47 to 88 (average value - 65.45±9.7). We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients operated from June 2017 till March 2019. The patients filled in GOHAI questionnaires about their state of health and quality of life (before treatment and 6 weeks post-surgery). Patients with one or more anterior teeth present as well as fully edentulous mandibles were included in the study. The antagonist teeth could be presented as complete dentures, natural teeth, or implant-supported fixed restorations. All patients received three Trefoil implants (Nobel Biocare AB) inserted with a torque of at least 35 Ncm. The Trefoil bar (Nobel Biocare AB) was used as the framework of the Trefoil bioengineering structure. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the SPSS 23 software. The t-test for dependent samples was used to compare the results of GOHAI surveys before and after the operation and the following statistical hypotheses were suggested: H0 - the results of the GOHAI survey before the operation do not differ from the results of the GOHAI survey after the operation; H1 - GOHAI pre-op survey results are different from GOHAI post-op survey results. A comparison was made between the GOHAI results before and after surgery in male and female patients using the t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: 29 patients included in this (20 females and 9 males) with the mean age of 65 (range:47-88). The average time of operation (surgical operation, prosthetic stage including dental lab work) the Trefoil technique was 6.18 ± 0.87 hours. With the presence of teeth in the mandible, the operation took longer by an average of 45 minutes. Patients were followed for 15±6 months. No chipping of artificial teeth or fractures of the veneering was observed. The survival rate of restorations was 100%. The implant survival rate was 98.85%. The results of the GOHAI survey after surgery show a significant difference from the results of the pre-op survey. If we analyze the average values for the sample, it can be argued that the average result for the GOHAI survey before the operation (29.86) is significantly lower than the average one for the GOHAI survey after the operation (54.93). CONCLUSION: Preliminary medium-term results of the Trefoil concept for implant-supported rehabilitation of the mandible indicate high patient satisfaction results after 6-18 months of follow-up. It requires a further comprehensive study to obtain data with more patients and over a longer follow-up period.

Association between oral health-related quality of life and nutritional status among older adults in district of Kuala Pilah, Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Poor oral health has an impact on food choices and intake of important nutrients among older population. The use of oral health-related quality of life instruments along with the clinical dental indicators can help to assess the oral problems that lead to nutritional problems in this group. This study aims to determine the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status among a group of older adults in Kuala Pilah district, Malaysia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 446 older adults aged 50 years and above from 20 randomly selected villages. Respondents were interviewed to collect information on their demographic characteristics and oral health perception, followed by physical examination to measure height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of respondents. The validated Malay version of General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to measure OHRQoL. RESULTS: About one-third (35.8%) of the respondents had normal BMI. Majority of the respondents were overweight (40.4%) and obese (19.9%), while only a small proportion was underweight (3.9%). Mean GOHAI score was 53.3 (SD = 4.7), indicating low perception of oral health. About 81.6% respondents had moderate to low perception of oral health. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between the GOHAI and BMI scores (OR = 2.3; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Oral health-related quality of life was significantly associated with nutritional condition of respondents. Older adults with poor perception of their oral health were more likely to have unsatisfactory BMI compared to those who perceived their oral health to be good.

Relationship between anxiety/depression and oral health-related quality of life in inpatients of convalescent hospitals.

The aim of this study is to examin the association between anxiety/depressive tendency and oral health-related quality of life in inpatients of convalescent wards. This cross-sectional study included inpatients of convalescent wards (age range 34-100 years). Data on age, sex, functional independence measure, number of teeth, odontotherapy status, and primary disease for which hospitalization was required were collected. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess emotional distress. The oral health-related quality of life was evaluated by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Oral hygiene level was assessed by the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). We performed a multiple regression analysis to assess relationships among HADS, GOHAI, and OHAT. Following the analysis, causal connections of these factors were evaluated with structural equations modeling. The scores of GOHAI and OHAT in the caseness cohort (HADS score > 11) were significantly worse than those in the non-caseness cohort (HADS score < 7). Multiple regression analysis revealed that GOHAI was a statistically significant predictor of HADS score (p = 0.012), and that HADS and OHAT scores were predictors of GOHAI (p = 0.012 and < 0.001, respectively), adjusted by sex and age. We found that a model connected from OHAT to HADS through GOHAI was a good fit for the data of inpatients. Oral health-related quality of life, affected by oral hygiene status, was strongly associated with emotional distress in inpatients of convalescent wards. Daily oral care and assessment by healthcare professionals can reduce the emotional distress of inpatients in convalescent wards.

Oral Health Status, Treatment Needs and Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Hearing Impaired Adults in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

AIM: The primary objective was to determine the oral health status and treatment needs among hearing-impaired (HI) adults. Second, to assess the relationship between the oral health variables and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) by using General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI)-Ar questionnaire among HI adults in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 146 HI adults between the age groups of 18-21, 22-25, and >25 years were included in the study. A convenient sampling technique was used to obtain the study sample. Oral health condition was recorded by using oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). The WHO methodology was used to record dental caries and treatment needs. The Saudi Arabian version of GOHAI-Ar questionnaire was used to gather information with regard to OHRQoL. A sign language expert communicated information between HI and investigator while answering the questionnaire. RESULTS: More than half of the HI had fair OHI-S (55.2%) and PI score (54.2%), while 60.1% of HI had moderate gingival inflammation. The prevalence of dental caries (82.2%) and treatment needs (85.6%) were found to be high. Mean oral hygiene scores between Saudi and non-Saudi nationals [(1.64) vs (1.12), p = 0.041] showed significant differences. Missing and filled teeth showed significant differences across different age groups (p = 0.000). The mean GOHAI-Ar was found to be low (14.44 ± 9.59). Spearman's test showed a significant positive correlation between the GOHAI-Ar score and the toothbrushing method (r = 0.164, p = 0.047). Toothbrushing time, oral hygiene material, last visit to dentist, OHI-S score, PI score, decayed, missing, and decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) scores were negatively correlated with GOHAI-Ar. Speech was the main concern for the HI. CONCLUSION: There was a fair oral hygiene, moderate gingival inflammation, high caries experience, and treatment needs with low GOHAI-Ar scores indicating poor OHRQoL among HI.

Socio-demographic factors, dental status and health-related behaviors associated with geriatric oral health-related quality of life in Southwestern China.

BACKGROUND: The aging of Chinese society has increased interest in improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the elderly, including their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to evaluate the OHRQoL of elders living in Sichuan Province (China) and to explore the explanatory factors of their OHRQoL. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 in the Sichuan Province analyzed data from 744 elders, aged 65 to 74 years (mean age 69.3, 51.3% female). Clinical examinations and questionnaires were completed to collect information on the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, dental status, subjective health conditions and General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) score. RESULTS: The mean GOHAI score was 48.23 (SD 7.62), and the median score was 49. After adjustment for age and gender, the multiple linear regression analysis showed that participants who were female, had fair or poor self-rated oral health, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score ≥ 20, fair or poor self-rated general health, and ≥ 2 teeth with root caries had worse OHRQoL, and participants who were edentulous had better OHRQoL (F = 29.58, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The OHRQoL of the elders living in Sichuan Province was relatively good. The explanatory variables were gender; self-rated oral health; DMFT score; self-rated general health; number of natural teeth; and number of teeth with root caries. More attention should be paid to caries status and retention of healthy teeth to improve the OHRQoL of elders in Sichuan Province, preserving a healthy mouth contributes to better OHRQoL.

Social inequalities in oral health in a group of older people in a Middle Eastern country: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The percentage of Lebanese older people has increased considerably. Given that Lebanese seniors are marginalized in the health policy-making process, we suggest a high social inequality in oral health that has not been studied so far. The purpose of our study was to describe and compare oral health status in a group of Lebanese older people according to their socioeconomic status (SES) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were recruited from three different primary health care clinics in Beirut, Lebanon. Data were collected from an administered questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables, perception of oral health, and regular dental visits. Oral examination included the number of missing and decayed teeth, the prosthetic status, and the number of functional dental units (FUs). The SES of the participants was determined by educational level, previous or actual work, and neighborhood level. RESULTS: 264 participants aged 71.4 ± 6.27 years (64.7% female) were included in the study. Regular dental visit, dental status, FU, and oral health perception were significantly related to the participants' place of residence, educational level, and work. Moreover, the mean number of missing teeth (p = 0.048) and decayed teeth (p = 0.018) was significantly elevated in the low SES. CONCLUSION: There is a clear socioeconomic inequality in oral health among the Lebanese older people. Further researches should explore the potential contribution of psychosocial and behavioral factors in explaining these disparities.

Relationship between gerotranscendence and oral health-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between gerotranscendence and oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QOL). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between gerotranscendence and OHR-QOL. METHODS: Participants (total n = 1969; 70-year-old group, n = 999; 80-year-old group, n = 970) were drawn from resident lists in four areas of Japan: one urban area and one rural area in each of two geographical regions. OHR-QOL was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Measurement of occlusal force was performed using pressure-sensitive sheets. Gerotranscendence was assessed with the Japanese Gerotranscendence Scale Revised (JGS-R). We used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships among OHR-QOL and other variables. RESULTS: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index score was significantly correlated with occlusal force, number of teeth, financial status and JGS-R score on linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Degree of gerotranscendence was significantly and independently correlated with degree of OHR-QOL in our sample.

Validation and comparison of the Arabic versions of GOHAI and OHIP-14 in patients with and without denture experience.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of oral heath related quality of life (OHRQoL) for complete denture wearers according to a participant's subjective perception may provide an indication of the adaptive capacity of the individual. The aim of this study was to compare and assess the validation of two quality of life measures, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), in patients with and without previous denture experience. METHODS: A total of 69 elders (36 male and 34 female; mean age, 63 years) from Dental Clinics of the University of Khartoum and the National University in Sudan, with and without previous denture experience, were included in the study. OHRQoL was assessed using two Arabic-translated questionnaires (OHIP-14 and GOHAI) before and after complete denture therapy. Global self-ratings of oral and general health were obtained, and denture satisfaction was assessed using the Denture Satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: Both tools had significant correlations with self-rating oral health in patients without denture experience (P < 0.05). However, no significant correlations were found in patients with denture experience. There were significant differences between pre-and post-treatment total scores with both the GOHAI and OHIP-14 (P < 0.001). Responsiveness to treatment using GOHAI and OHIP-14 revealed overall mean effect size higher in patients without (1.49) and (0.83) than those with previous denture experience (0.89) and (0.60), respectively. However, neither tool could detect significant differences between patients with and without denture experience (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Greater improvements of OHRQoL after complete denture therapy were observed in participants without than those with previous denture experience. The Arabic-translated versions of GOHAI and OHIP-14 can be regarded as effective measures for assessing treatment outcomes of complete denture therapy.

The effect of some missing teeth on a subjects' oral health related quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of missing teeth on the level of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)in subjects reporting at a teaching dental hospital. METHOD: Using a structured Performa incorporating the 12-item General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) Questionnaire, and a consecutive (non-probability) sampling technique, data relating to 182 subjects fulfilling the study inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected using the method of interview and examination. Subjects responses to each of the 12 items of the GOHAI questionnaire were recorded to determine the impact of missing teeth on OHRQoL. Each of the GOHAI item had a maximum score of 5 thus giving a total of 60 as the maximum score. A high score of GOHAI indicated better ORHRQoL. The ORHRQol of subject was taken as good when the GOHAI score ranged 57-60, average when 51-56 and poor when ≤50. RESULTS: Subjects had a mean age of 35.6 ± 5.8 (S. Dev) with males as 50.5% compared to females (49.5%). The mean GOHAI score for all the subjects was 48.4 ± 8.2 as compared to the mean GOHAI score of 48.4 ± 8.2 for males and 47.6 ± 8.3 for females. The ORHRQoL was good in only 27%. A high proportion of subjects (53%) had poor OHRQoL. The number and the frontal location of the missing teeth adversely impacted OHRQoL. Missing maxillary anterior teeth had the most negative effect on OHRQoL. Missing mandibular first molar was the most common missing tooth either alone or in combination with other missing teeth among the subjects studied. The most important GOHAI items contributing to the adverse impact on the OHRQoL of the majority of subjects with some missing teeth were;often worried/concerned about dental problems and never having been pleased or happy with the look of their teeth and gum. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect of missing teeth on OHRQoL was substantial necessitating the importance of preventing the condition of missing teeth or restoring when missing and maintaining the oral health of subjects.

Factors Associated with Undergoing Regular Dental Check-ups in Healthy Elderly Individuals.

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of healthy elderly individuals undergoing regular dental check-ups and identify any environmental or associated oral factors. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to interview 216 individuals attending 2 welfare facilities for the elderly, of whom 160 were included in the final analysis. Items comprised age, sex, number of residual teeth, frequency of teeth/denture cleaning, subjective chewing ability, denture use, oral status, regular dental check-ups, visitation of the same dentist, number of dental visits in the past year, General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) (Japanese version) score, living situation, and use of routine medication. Individuals undergoing regular dental check-ups were defined as those with a primary dentist whom they saw for dental check-ups at least once a year. The rate of individuals undergoing regular dental check-ups was 75.0% in men aged 60-74 years, 58.8% in women aged 60-74 years, 70.0% in men aged 75 years or over, and 45.3% in women aged 75 years or over. Logistic regression analysis revealed a higher number of residual teeth (odds ratio [OR]=2.664 in comparison with those with fewer than 20 teeth, p=0.0427); cleaning teeth/dentures 3 or more times per day (OR=2.546 in comparison with cleaning them twice per day or less, p=0.0157); and a higher GOHAI score (OR=2.742 in comparison with those with a GOHAI score of less than 58, p=0.0263) as factors significantly correlated with undergoing regular dental check-ups. In conclusion, the results revealed that individuals undergoing regular dental check-ups had 20 or more residual teeth, cleaned their teeth/denture 3 or more times per day, and had a higher GOHAI score. This indicates that the best predictive factor for undergoing regular dental check-ups in healthy elderly individuals is their GOHAI score.

Psychometric characteristics of the "General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) ¼ in a French representative sample of patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: The "General Oral Health Assessment Index" (GOHAI) was widely used in clinical or epidemiological studies worldwide, as it was available for use in different languages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the GOHAI in a representative sample of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 90 schizophrenic patients (in-patients and out-patients) were recruited from the participants of the "buccodor study" (NCT02167724) between March and September 2015. They were selected using a random stratified sampling method according to their age, sex, or residential area (urban/rural area). GOHAI validity (construct, predictive, concurrent and known group validity) and internal consistency (reliability) were tested. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in 32 subjects. RESULTS: The mean age was 47.34 (SD = 12.17). Internal consistency indicated excellent agreement, with a Cronbach's α value of 0.82 and average inter-item correlation of 0.65. Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability with 95% confidence intervals were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Construct validity was supported by three factor that accounted for 60.94% of the variance observed. Predictive validity was corroborated as statistically significant differences were observed between a high GOHAI score, which was associated with self-perceived satisfaction with oral health, lower age and high frequency of toothbrushing. Concurrent validity was corroborated as statistically significant relationships were observed between the GOHAI scores and most objective measures of dental status. For known group validity, they was no significant difference of the mean GOHAI score between out or in-patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acceptable psychometric characteristics of the GOHAI could help caregivers to develop ways to improve the Oral Health related Quality Of Life of schizophrenic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Gov NCT02167724 . Date registered 17 June, 2014.

A Persian version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate the original English version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) into a Persian version and to assess the preliminary psychometric properties of the translated index among a sample of Persian elders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve items included in GOHAI were first translated into Persian using a back-translation technique and then were compared with the original version. Four hundred and seventeen elderly subjects who were admitted to a day care centre answered GOHAI and an attached socio-demographic questionnaire. Internal consistency of the Persian version was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa. Factor structure of GOHAI was evaluated by principal component factor analysis. RESULTS: Mean of GOHAI score was 45.71 (SD: 5.14; range: 27-51). The mean of GOHAI score was higher for the elders who rated their oral and general health as 'good'. The Cronbach's alpha for GOHAI score was 0.748, indicating a high degree of internal consistency and homogeneity between the GOHAI items. The test-retest correlation for the total GOHAI score using ICC was 0.763 (95% CI = 0.713-0.809). Factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution that bolstered the theoretical construction of the index. Significant differences in the GOHAI scores were found for income and current number of teeth. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the GOHAI can be used reliably to identify oral health-related concerns of older Persian speakers, but further research is needed to confirm its cultural consonance in this population.