Pilot-phase PET/CT study targeting integrin αvß6 in pancreatic cancer patients using the cystine-knot peptide-based 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2.

PURPOSE: A novel cystine-knot peptide-based PET radiopharmaceutical, 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 (knottin), was developed to selectively bind to human integrin αvß6 which is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, biodistribution, dosimetry, and lesion uptake of 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Fifteen patients (6 men, 9 women) with histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were prospectively enrolled and underwent knottin PET/CT between March 2017 and February 2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02683824). Vital signs and laboratory results were collected before and after the imaging scans. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) were measured in 24 normal tissues and pancreatic cancer lesions for each patient. From the biodistribution data, the organ doses and whole-body effective dose were calculated using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in vital signs or laboratory values that qualified as adverse events or serious adverse events. At 1 h post-injection, areas of high 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 uptake included the pituitary gland, stomach, duodenum, kidneys, and bladder (average SUVmean: 9.7-14.5). Intermediate uptake was found in the normal pancreas (average SUVmean: 4.5). Mild uptake was found in the lungs and liver (average SUVmean < 1.0). The effective dose was calculated to be 2.538 × 10-2 mSv/MBq. Knottin PET/CT detected all known pancreatic tumors in the 15 patients, although it did not detect small peri-pancreatic lymph nodes of less than 1 cm in short diameter in two of three patients who had lymph node metastases at surgery. Knottin PET/CT detected distant metastases in the lungs (n = 5), liver (n = 4), and peritoneum (n = 2), confirmed by biopsy and/or contrast-enhanced CT. CONCLUSION: 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 is a safe PET radiopharmaceutical with an effective dose comparable to other diagnostic agents. Evaluation of the primary pancreatic cancer and distant metastases with 18F-FP-R01-MG-F2 PET is feasible, but larger studies are required to define the role of this approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02683824.

The impact of deposition site on vaccination efficiency of a live bacterial poultry vaccine.

Vaccines are utilized within the poultry industry to minimize disease-associated losses and spray vaccination is a commonly utilized means for the mass application of poultry vaccines. During this process, vaccine-laden particles are deposited upon target areas (e.g., eyes, nares, and oral cavity) resulting in the direct internalization of the vaccine. However, particles are also deposited on nontarget areas such as the exterior of the subject and its surrounding environment. To better determine the fate of particles deposited upon nontarget areas and the impact of deposition site on the efficiency of vaccine application, a live bacterial poultry vaccine (AviPro(®) MG F) was applied via spray using a spray cabinet with a slotted partition allowing for head-only, body-only, and whole-bird spray application. At 11 wk age, Hy-Line(®) W-36 pullets (n = 280) were allocated equally among 7 treatments including: nonvaccinated controls, pullets spray-vaccinated at the manufacturer's recommended dose (1X) in a site-specific manner (head-only, body-only, and whole-bird), pullets spray-vaccinated at 5X the recommended level (body-only), pullets vaccinated by manual eye-drop application (1X), and pullets eye-drop vaccinated at a level approximating that achieved during the spray vaccination process (1/700X). At 6 to 7 wk postvaccination, vaccination efficiency was assessed via serological-based assays [serum plate agglutination (SPA) and ELISA] and the detection of vaccine-derived in vivo populations. Results indicate an additive contribution of the vaccine deposited on the body to the overall vaccination efficiency of this live bacterial live poultry vaccine.

Functionalization of Fluorine on the Surface of SnO2-Mg Nanocomposite as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Toxic Dye Degradation.

This work reports on the photocatalytic activity of tin oxide (SnO2)-doped magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F) nanoparticles for methyl orange and safranin dye degradation under sunlight irradiation. Nanocatalysis-induced dye degradation was examined using UV-visible spectroscopy and a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The results indicate that the prepared nanoparticles exhibit superior photocatalytic activity, and the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye is approximately 82%. In contrast, the degradation of safranin dye is 96% in the same time interval of 105 min. The calculated crystallite size of the SnO2-Mg-F nanocomposite is 29.5 nm, which respects the particle size found in the DLS analysis with a tetragonal structure and spherical morphology affirmed. The optical characteristics were assessed, and their respective bandgap energies were determined to be 3.6 eV. The influence of F in Mg and SnO2 is recognized with the XRD and FT-IR spectra of the prepared particles.

Transmission, serologic and tissue responses in chickens vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum F strain (MG-F) / Transmissão, resposta sorológica e tecidual de poedeiras vacinadas com Mycoplasma gallisepticum cepa F

MG-F protects chickens from MG Mycoplasmosis and monitoring is done by serology (SAR and ELISA) and PCR. Histopathology is used to evaluate bird response to MG. This study evaluated MG-F profile vaccination in SPF chicken. This trial used 100 chickens, being 40 unvaccinated (G1), 40 eye-drop vaccinated at 8 weeks of age with MG-F ( Ceva Animal Health , São Paulo , SP , Brazil ) (G2) and 20 immunized by contact (G3) . Samples were obtained on the 8th, 12th, 15th, 18th, 20th and 24th week for SAR, ELISA and PCR. Fragments of trachea and air sac, for microscopy, were got after necropsies on the 15th and 24th week. Up to 12 weeks there was no significant difference among groups by SAR. SAR reactions appeared from the 15th week with these averages: G1 (1.7, 1.76 , 0.1, 0.15) , G2 (7.81, 7.65, 8.25, 6.29) and G3 (8.1, 8.5, 9.5, 6.16), while by ELISA it occurred after the 18th week with optical densities averages: G1 (0.19, 0.14, 0.16) , G2 (0.47, 0.45, 0.41) and G3 (0.55, 0.51, 0.51) . Positivity in G3 by PCR occurred seven weeks after exposure. At the 15th week the air sac score means were 0.20, 0.55, and 0.32 and 24th week were 0.15, 0.80 and 0.66 (p>0.05). For trachea, G2 (0.48) yielded higher score average than G1 (0.10) and G3 (0.00) on the 15th week. Changes in G3 were seen only at 24th week, being this average (1.00) significantly different (p<0,05) from G1 (0.08) and G2 (0.46). SAR and PCR detected MG-F in G3 earlier than ELISA...

Mycoplasma gallisepticum cepa F (MG-F) é altamente utilizada em vacinação de poedeiras. MG-F confere bons níveis de proteção às galinhas, deslocando MG de campo ou diminuindo o número deles no trato respiratório. Soroaglutinação Rápida (SAR), ELISA e PCR são testes no monitoramento da micoplasmose, enquanto a histopatologia, mesmo não sendo rotineira, é usada para avaliar a resposta das aves à infecção por MG. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a transmissibilidade, soroconversão e alterações teciduais de MG-F em galinhas. Um total de 100 galinhas SPF foi utilizado, sendo 40 delas não vacinadas (G1), 40 vacinadas na 8ª semana de idade com MG-F (Ceva Saúde Animal, São Paulo/SP, Brasil) (G2) e 20 imunizadas por contato com aves do G2 (G3). Soros e suabes traqueais foram obtidos na 8ª, 12ª, 15ª, 18ª, 20ª, 24ª semana para monitoramento por SAR, ELISA e PCR. Fragmentos de traqueia e saco aéreo, para microscopia, foram feitas após necropsias na 15ª e 24ª semana. Até a 12ª semana não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos pela SAR. Houve reação a SAR a partir da 15ª semana com as seguintes médias: G1 (1,7; 1,76; 0,1; 0,15), G2 (7,81; 7,65; 8,25; 6,29) e G3 (8,1; 8,5; 9,5; 6,16), enquanto por ELISA a soroconversão ocorreu a partir da 18ª semana com médias de densidades óticas de G1 (0,19; 0,14; 0,16), G2 (0,47; 0,45; 0,41) e G3 (0,55; 0,51; 0,51). Todas as aves do G3 apresentaram positividade pela PCR sete semanas após exposição. Não houve diferença significativa entre as medias dos escores de saco aéreo entre os grupos, na 15ª semana (0,20; 0,55; 0,32) e 24ª semana (0,15; 0,80 e 0,66). Em relação à traqueia, G2 apresentou média maior na 15ª semana (0,48) que G3 (0,00) e G1 (0,10). Alterações em G3 foram observadas somente na 24ª semana onde as médias foram de 0,08(G1); 0,46 (G2) e 1,00 (G3), havendo significância (p<0,05) entre G1 e G3. SAR e PCR foram capazes de detectar a transmissão de MG-F de forma precoce em relação ao ELISA...