Multi-perspective evaluation on spent lithium iron phosphate recycling process: For next-generation technology option.

The recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries has recently become a focus topic. Consequently, evaluating different spent lithium iron phosphate recycling processes becomes necessary for industrial development. Here, based on multiple perspectives of environment, economy and technology, four typical spent lithium iron phosphate recovery processes (Hydro-A: hydrometallurgical total leaching recovery process; Hydro-B(H2O2/O2): hydrometallurgical selective lithium extraction process; Pyro: Pyrometallurgical recovery process; Direct: Direct regeneration process) were compared comprehensively. The comprehensive evaluation study uses environment, economy and technology as evaluation indicators, and uses the entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process to couple the comprehensive indicator weights. Results show that the comprehensive evaluation values of Hydro-A, Hydro-B (H2O2), Hydro-B (O2), Pyro and Direct are 0.347, 0.421, 0.442, 0.099 and 0.857, respectively. Therefore, the technological maturity of Direct should be further improved to enable early industrialization. On this basis, this study conducted a quantitative evaluation of the spent lithium iron phosphate recycling process by comprehensively considering environmental, economic and technical factors, providing further guidance for the formulation of recycling processes.

[Outreach dyadic support program for persons with dementia and relatives by dementia nursing experts: qualitative results from a pilot study in rural areas]. / Aufsuchendes dyadisches Unterstützungsprogramm für Personen mit Demenz und Angehörige durch Pflegeexpert:innen Demenz: qualitative Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie im ländlichen Raum.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The quality of life of persons with dementia and their relatives crucially depends on whether they succeed in establishing a stable home care situation. In this study, an outreach dyadic support program for persons with dementia and relatives was carried out by dementia nursing experts (DNE) for the first time. The aim of the nurse-led dyadic support program focuses on the lifeworld benefits for dyads and the benefits towards coping with dementia and crisis management in their home environment. Does it turn out to be a suitable offer for dyads in rural areas? Could the program originally developed for therapists be carried out by DNE? METHODS: Using an interview guideline, 12 episodic interviews were conducted with dyads and additionally two focus groups (n = 5 relatives and n = 2 dementia nursing experts). The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: The results of a qualitative evaluation with a multiperspective approach are presented. The participating dyadic benefit depends on several factors, e.g. dyadic relationship, stage of dementia, in different ways. The outreach approach is therefore important. The dyadic setting is mostly seen as helpful, a need for additional one-to-one meetings is desired. The program can be used by DNE, the shift can even be an advantage. It is questionable whether temporary support lasts over the entire course of the disease. CONCLUSION: The results show that home care situations can be improved for dyads through the nurse-led program, they can even benefit by DNE. The possibility of one-to-one meetings and follow-up care should be given. The outreach approach is crucial for rural areas. The results point to the need for more outreach care for persons with dementia in order to reduce stress and strengthen identity and action resources.