RESUMO
Hydrometallurgical processes for the treatment and recovery of metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment produce wastewaters containing heavy metals. These residual solutions cannot be discharged into the sewer without an appropriate treatment. Specific wastewater treatments integrated with the hydrometallurgical processes ensure a sustainable recycling loops of the electrical wastes to maximize the metals recovery and minimize the amount of wastes and wastewaters produced. In this research activity the efficiency of ultrafiltration combined with surfactant micelles (micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration) was tested to remove metals form leach liquors obtained after leaching of NiMH spent batteries. In the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration, a surfactant is added into the aqueous stream containing contaminants or solute above its critical micelle concentration. When the surfactant concentration exceeding this critical value, the surfactant monomers will assemble and aggregate to form micelles having diameter larger than the pore diameter of ultrafiltration membrane. Micelles containing contaminants whose diameter is larger than membrane pore size will be rejected during ultrafiltration process, leaving only water, unsolubilized contaminants and surfactant monomers in permeate stream. The experiments are carried out in a lab-scale plant, where a tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane is used with adding a surfactant to concentrate heavy metals in the retentate stream, producing a permeate of purified water that can be reused inside the process, thus minimizing the fresh water consumption.