Completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy and associated factors among clients on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Berhan town health facilities, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis preventive therapy is vital in caring for HIV-positive individuals, as it prevents the progression from latent tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease. The aim of the study is to assess the completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy and associated factors among clients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia, in 2022. METHOD: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted. Random sampling methods were used to select both study participants and health facilities. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. P-values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULT: The study found that, 83% of participants were completed tuberculosis preventive therapy. Completed tuberculosis preventive therapy was associated with no adverse drug events, taking first-line ART, and good ART adherence. CONCLUSION: According to the Ethiopian ART guidelines, the study found a low completion rate of tuberculosis preventive therapy among HIV-positive clients on antiretroviral therapy. Factors like no adverse drug events, first-line antiretroviral regimen, and good adherence were significantly associated with completing tuberculosis preventive therapy.

Effect of physical activity promotion program on adherence to physical exercise among patients with type II diabetes in North Shoa Zone Amhara region: a quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a significant global public health issue that necessitates self-management. However, this is difficult to put into practice and requires a new approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a physical activity promotion program on adherence to recommended physical activity and lessons to improve self-management. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2021 at North Shoa Zone Public Hospital. The study enrolled 216 type II diabetic patients from four public hospitals. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data were presented as means of standard deviations for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Intervention and control groups were compared before and after intervention using independent t-tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. RESULTS: A total of 216 type II diabetics participated in this study. Physical activity promotion programs increased adherence to the recommended number of days and duration (spending time) of physical activity (p < 0.0001). Participants who engaged in the physical activity promotion program significantly increased the mean scores for exercising moderate-intensity activities and spending time (p < 0.05), walking for at least 10 min continuously and spending time (p < 0.05), exercising moderate-intensity recreational activities and spending time (p < 0.05).There was a significant reduction in mean fasting blood glucose after participating in a physical activity program (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a physical activity promotion program makes a significant difference in patient compliance with recommended physical activity and effectively improves patient glycemic control. Health care providers should integrate physical activity programs into existing systems as a common therapeutic service. Primary care platforms such as health posts and health centers can play a key role in integrating health promotion programs to improve self-management behaviors.

Association of stress management behavior and diabetic self-care practice among diabetes type II patients in North Shoa Zone: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The cornerstone of diabetes management is the self-care behavior of diabetics. However, many people with diabetes do not fully engage in these activities. Effective stress management behaviors have a positive impact on diabetes self-care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-care behaviors in people with diabetes and stress coping behaviors in people with type II diabetes. METHOD: A facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in the North Shoa zone from March 2 to 29, 2022. The study involved 432 types II diabetic patients who were chosen at random from eight public hospitals. Eight item stress coping techniques tools was used to measure stress management behavior. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data for continuous variables were reported as means and standard deviations and percentages for categorical variables. Descriptive statistic was used to summarize study variables. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sociodemographic variables, stress-coping behaviors, and self-care behaviors. Binary logistic regression model was used investigate the association between diabetic self-care behaviors and stress-coping behaviors. A p-value ≤ 0.05 and an OR with a 95% CI are considered statistically significant associations. RESULT: the study showed that stress management behavior was observed in more than half of the patients (51.2; 95% CI; (46.5, 55.6). The study found that stress management behavior was associated with diabetic self-care practice (X2, 17.7; p < 0.0001). Patients with good stress management behavior (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = (1.3, 3.0)), good perception (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = (1.5, 3.4)), and family support (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = (1.5, 3.6)) were more likely to conduct diabetes self-care. CONCLUSION: This study shows that stress management behaviors and coping techniques are associated with self-care behavior and lead to significant improvements in diabetes self-care practices. Stress management and coping skills should be included in current systems as a common therapeutic service/treatment. Diabetes care practitioners should consider these factors when discussing diabetes self-management during consultations.

Geriatric depression and quality of life in North Shoa Zone, Oromia region: a community cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Depression and low quality of life are severe conditions that lead to disability and mortality, common in high and low-resourced countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess geriatric depression, quality of life, and associated factors among elderly persons in the low-resource country. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was used from March to April 2020. The depression and quality of life were assessed using the standardized and pre-tested geriatric depression scale (GDS) and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF, respectively. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select woreda and study participants. For data input and analysis, Epi-data version 4.3 and SPSS version 23 were utilized, consecutively. Bivariable and multivariable in the logistic regression analysis were done, and significance was determined at the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P value < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 822 elderly persons participated in face to face interviewed-administered questionnaire. More than half 54.5% (n = 448) of elderly persons had depression and 51.8% (n = 426) of elderly participants had low quality of life. Advanced age, single participants, not having a formal education, living alone, and having chronic diseases were significantly associated with both the depression symptoms and low overall WHOQOL-BREF. Depression was correlated with low quality of life. CONCLUSION: We found that elderly persons have a high risk of depression symptoms and a low quality of life. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health should develop psychological interventions, providing ongoing education for the elderly, and monitoring the health of the elderly population to address the specific needs of elderly persons who have been impacted by the aging process.

Incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition in North Shoa, Amhara region, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.

Introduction: Although tuberculosis (TB) is one of the significant public health challenges in severely malnourished children throughout the globe, it is a severe issue for countries such as Ethiopia, with significant resource limitations. Few studies have examined the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among children under five years of age with severe acute malnutrition in developing countries, and there is a paucity of data. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in North Shoa, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted between January 20, 2017, and June 20, 2019. The sample size was calculated using STATA, which yields a total of 345 charts that were selected with systematic random sampling. Data entry was performed using Epi-data version 4.2 and analyzed with STATA 14. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to detect the determinants of tuberculosis. The hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval was subsequently calculated. Variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence rate of tuberculosis among children under five years of age with SAM was 4.6 per 100 person-day observations (95% CI: 3.29, 8.9). Predictors of TB were a history of contact with known TB cases [AHR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.8], HIV/AIDS [AHR: 3.71 (95% CI: 2.10, 8.71)], baseline pneumonia [AHR: 2.10 (1.76,12)], not supplying zinc at baseline [AHR: 3.1 (1.91, 4.70)], and failed appetite taste at the diagnosis of SAM [AHR: 2.4 (1.35, 3.82)]. Conclusions: In this study, the incidence rate of TB was high. Not supplying zinc at baseline, failed appetite taste at the diagnosis of SAM, history of contact with known TB cases, and baseline pneumonia were significant predictors of TB. Prioritizing regular TB screenings, nutritional support, and zinc supplementation for under-five children with SAM should be implemented to reduce the risk of TB.

Effect of nutritional promotion intervention on dietary adherence among type II diabetes patients in North Shoa Zone Amhara Region: quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a major global public health problem that requires self-management behavior. However, this is difficult to implement in practice and requires new approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional promotion interventions for dietary adherence and lessons learned to improve self-management. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2021 in North Shoa Zone public hospital. The study enrolled 216 type II diabetic patients from four public hospitals. Study participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups at an individual level. Data were measured twice (baseline and end line survey after six months using interviewer-administered questionnaires). Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data were presented as means of standard deviations for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Intervention and control groups were compared before and after intervention using independent t tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. RESULTS: A total of 216 type II diabetics participated in this study. Nutritional promotion intervention programs increased adherence to the mean number of days adhering to a healthy diet (p < 0.0001). Specifically, the nutrition promotion program improved daily intake of fruits and vegetables, low glycemic index foods, high fiber foods, healthy fish oils, low sugar foods, and healthy eating plans (p ≤ 0.050). Mean fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after the educational intervention (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a nutrition-promoting intervention can significantly change patients' adherence to healthy eating behaviors and effectively improve their glycemic control. Health care providers should integrate programs that promote nutrition education into existing health systems service. Primary care platforms such as health posts and health centers can play a key role in integrating health promotion programs to improve self-management behaviors.

Association between illness perception and medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus in North Shoa, Zone: cross-sectional study.

Background: Although the impact of illness perception on medication adherence is well-established, its specific influence on medication adherence in Ethiopia remains unclear. Consequently, the objective of this study was to examine the association between illness perception and medication adherence among patients with diabetes mellitus in the North Shoa Zone. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 24 May to 25 June 2022 in the North Shoa zone. The study included a random sample of 552 individuals with diabetes from four public hospitals. Data was collected and entered into Epi Data V.3.1, and analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize continuous variables as means with standard deviations, while categorical variables were presented as percentages. The study variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression models to assess the associations between illness perception and medication adherence. In the bivariable analysis, variables with p-values less than 0.20 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Associations with a p-value ≤0.05 and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant. Results: The study results revealed that medication adherence was 64.4% (95% CI: 60.1, 67.9), while illness perception was 54.7% (95% CI, 41.2, 49.4). There was a significant and strong association between illness perception and medication adherence (p < 0.0001). In the adjusted model, the illness perception components of consequence showed a significant association with medication adherence (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.11, 4.55). Similarly, personal control (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.61) and emotional representation of diabetes (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.54, 3.32) were also significantly associated with medication adherence in patients with diabetes. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a positive association between higher illness perception and increased medication adherence and practice. Therefore, when engaging in discussions about diabetic self-management, diabetes educators should employ psychoeducational approaches that take into account the illness perceptions of patients.

Willingness to utilize cervical cancer screening among Ethiopian women aged 30-65 years.

Background: Cervical cancer screening is a means of detecting cervical cancer early, before it develops, in order to reduce disease mortality and morbidity. When women are screened for cervical cancer between the ages of 30 and 40 years at least one time in their life, their risk of cancer could be decreased by 25-36%. Despite this advantage, cervical cancer screening coverage in Ethiopia is still <2%. As a result, we wanted to see how ready women in the Girar Jarso district, Ethiopia, were to get a cervical cancer test. Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional study was done using a stratified cluster sampling technique among 855 women aged 30-65 years in the Girar Jarso district, Ethiopia, from 1 June 2021 to 1 September 2021. A pretested and semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. EpiData management version 4.6 was used to enter data, which was then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value of <0.05 were taken as statistically significant predictors of the willingness to utilize cervical cancer screening. Results: Of the 855 women, only 315 (46.7%, CI = 43-50.3) women were willing to be checked for cervical cancer, with 181 (21.2%) women having been screened at least one time in their life. Age of 30-39 years [AOR = 2.80 (95% CI: 1.05, 7.48)], urban resident [AOR = 2.12 (95% CI: 1.06, 4.48)], positive attitude [AOR = 1.68 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.53)], wealth status, awareness of cervical cancer, and low perceived barriers were independent predictors of the willingness to utilize cervical cancer screening. Conclusion and recommendation: The willingness to utilize cervical cancer screening services is low in the Girar Jarso district. To improve community awareness and attitude, continued and sustainable advocacy on the value of cervical cancer screening should be offered through mass media and health extension workers.

Midwife-led continuity of care increases women's satisfaction with antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care: North Shoa, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The provision of midwife-led continuity of care (MLCC) is effective in high-resource settings in improving maternal satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MLCC on women's satisfaction with care in a low-income/resource setting. METHOD: A study with a quasi-experimental design was conducted from August 2019 to September 2020 in four primary hospitals in the north Shoa zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. A total of 1178 low-risk women were allocated to one of two groups; the MLCC (intervention group) that received all antenatal, intrapartum, and immediate postnatal care from a primary midwife or backup midwife) (n = 589) and the shared model of care (SMC) group that received care following established practice in Ethiopia, care from different staff members at different times) (n = 589). Data for this paper were collected using face-to-face interviews at the women's home at the end of the postpartum period. The study's outcome was the mean sum-score of satisfaction with care through the antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal period continuum, where mean sum-scores range from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). FINDINGS: Compared with SMC, MLCC was associated with statistically significantly higher satisfaction with all continuity of care (4.07 vs. 2.79 adjusted mean difference 1.27, 95% CI 1.18-1.35; p < 0.001), during antenatal care (4.14 vs. 2.81 adjusted mean difference 1.33 (95% CI 1.22-1.52), intrapartum care (3.83 vs. 2.71 adjusted mean difference 1.06 (95% CI 0.88-1.23) and postnatal care (5.46 vs. 3.71 adjusted mean difference 1.75 (95% CI 1.54-1.94)). CONCLUSION: MLCC increased women's satisfaction with maternity care for women at low risk of medical complications. These findings confirm that the MLCC model will be applicable in the Ethiopian health care system with similar settings.

Second-dose measles vaccination and associated factors among under-five children in urban areas of North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2022.

Introduction: Measles remain a leading cause of vaccine-preventable infant mortality. In Africa, about 13 million cases and 6,50,000 deaths occur annually, with Sub-Saharan Africa having the highest morbidity and mortality. Ethiopia launched second-dose measles vaccination into the routine immunization program in the second year of life in 2019. However, little has been known about the coverage of the second-dose measles vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the level of second-dose measles vaccine uptake and associated factors in North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Objective: To assess second-dose measles vaccination and associated factors among under-five children and to identify reasons for not being vaccinated in urban areas of North Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2022. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 15 March 2022. The sample size was 410, and it was allocated proportionally to each kebelle. The study units were selected consecutively. The data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Four nurses were used as data collectors. Data were coded manually and entered into Epi-data Version 4.4.2.1. Frequency and cross-tabs were used for data cleaning. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21 software. Multicollinearity and model goodness-of-fit tests were checked. A multivariable logistic regression model at 95% CI was used to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. Result: The response rate was 90.7%. The level of second-dose measles vaccination among children in urban areas of North Shoa Zone was 42.5% [95% CI (36.8, 47.3)]. Maternal age of ≤ 25 years [AOR = 9.12: 95% CI (1.97, 42.19)], 26-30 years [AOR = 9.49: 95% CI (2.33, 38.63)], 31-35 years [AOR = 7.87: 95% CI (1.78, 34.79)]; average time mothers had been waiting for vaccination at the health facility [AOR = 3.68: 95% CI (1.33, 10.23)]; awareness about vaccine-preventable diseases [AOR = 4.15: 95% CI (1.53, 11.26)]; and awareness on recommended measles doses [AOR = 17.81: 95% CI (3.91, 81.22)] were identified as factors associated with MCV2 vaccination. The major reason (48.1%) reported by mothers for not vaccinating second-dose measles vaccine was being unaware of the need to return for second-dose measles vaccination. Conclusion and recommendation: The level of second-dose measles vaccination (MCV2) among children in urban areas of the North Shoa Zone was low. Maternal age, average time mothers had been waiting for vaccination at the health facility, awareness about vaccine-preventable diseases, recommended age for the last vaccination, and recommended measles doses were identified as factors associated with MCV2 uptake. The major reason for not vaccinating MCV2 was a lack of information (unaware of the need to return for MCV2, unaware of the need to return for MCV2, and the place and/or time of immunization unknown). Hence, enhancing awareness about vaccine-preventable diseases, shortening the average time for vaccination at the health facility by half an hour, creating an alerting mechanism for MCV2 appointments, and future studies on the effect of healthcare provider-related factors on MCV2 uptake are recommended.

Midwife-led continuity of care improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes in north Shoa zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: In a low-resource setting, information on the effect of midwife-led continuity of care (MLCC) is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of MLCC on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in the Ethiopian context. METHOD: A study with a quasi-experimental design was conducted from August 2019 to September 2020 in four primary hospitals of the north Shoa zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. A total of 1178 low risk women were allocated to one of two groups; the midwife-led continuity of care (MLCC or intervention group) (received all antenatal, labour, birth, and immediate postnatal care from a single midwife or backup midwife) (n = 589) and the Shared model of care (SMC or comparison group) (received care from different staff members at different times) (n = 589). The two outcomes studied were Spontaneous vaginal birth and preterm birth. Outcome variables were compared using multivariate generalized linear models (GLMs) and reported using adjusted risk ratios (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals. FINDINGS: Women in MLCC were, in comparison with women in the SMC group more likely to have spontaneous vaginal birth (aRR of 1.198 (95% CI 1.101-1.303)). Neonates of women in MLCC were in comparison with those in SMC less likely to be preterm (aRR of 0.394; 95% CI (0.227-0.683)). CONCLUSION: In this study, use of the MLCC model improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. To scale up and further investigate the effect and feasibility of this model in a low resource setting could be of considerable importance in Ethiopia and other Sub-Saharan Africa countries.

Determinants of stillbirth in hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia: A case control study.

BACKGROUND: World Health Organization defined stillbirth as birth of fetus at 28 weeks or above gestation with a birth weight of ≥1000 g or body length of ≥35 cm. Majority of stillbirths occur in low and middle income nations. Efforts made in Ethiopia to improve maternal and child health are showing encouraging results, even though the magnitude didn't reach the expected level. Identification of determinants of stillbirth is quite substantial to apply further meaningful actions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the determinants of stillbirth in hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia. METHOD: Institution based unmatched Case control study was conducted from March 01 to May 30/2019 among 342 women who gave birth in Fitche, Kuyu, Gundomeskel, and Muketurihospitals. Sample size was calculated by using Epi-info version 7.1.1 software package. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted. Variables having P-value ≤ 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant. RESULT: Type of labor (AOR = 3.79, 95%CI = 1.53, 9.38), duration of labor (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.53, 8.33), mal-presentation (AOR = 3.45, 95%CI = 1.99, 9.8), preeclampsia/eclampsia (AOR = 4.58, 95%CI = 1.45, 14.48) and birth defect (AOR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.31, 7.1) were found to be the determinants of stillbirth. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Causes of still birth in more than two third of the cases were identified. Type of labor, duration of labor, mal presentation, preeclampsia/eclampsia were identified as determinants of stillbirth from mothers' side while birth defect was found to be determinant of stillbirth from fetal side. Heath care providers, policy makers, and other stakeholders, should focus on identified factors to combat problems associated with still birth.

Oral Rehydration Therapy Utilization and Associated Factors Among Children with Diarrhea in Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 2020.

BACKGROUND: Oral rehydration therapy is a critical intervention to save the lives of children during episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. However, millions of children die every year due to failure to replace fluid effectively. Nearly all dehydration-related deaths can be preventable by prompt administration of rehydration therapy. The current study aimed to assess oral rehydration therapy utilization and associated factors among children with diarrhea in Debre Berhan town. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020. The study participants were selected by systematic random sampling. The first household was selected randomly by the lottery method. The collected data were checked for completeness and relevance, and then entered into EPI data and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the ORT utilization and predictor variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered a cutoff point for statistical significance for all statistical tests. RESULTS: The study included 233 participants with a 99% response rate. Among them, 73% [95% Cl: 66.8 78.6] of caregivers had given oral rehydration therapy to their children. Previous use of oral rehydration therapy [AOR: 5.3, Cl: 2.1-13.32], health-seeking behavior [AOR: 5.7, Cl: 2.07-15.6], knowledge about oral rehydration therapy [AOR: 4.2, Cl: 1.7-10.46], caregivers' perception of tooth eruption [AOR: 3.13, Cl: 1.08-9], weaning as causes of diarrhea [AOR: 6.7, Cl: 2.49-17.9], and recognize the severity sign of dehydration [AOR: 5.6, Cl: 2.16-14.7] became significant factors of oral rehydration therapy. CONCLUSION: Nearly two-thirds of the mothers give oral rehydration therapy while their child develops diarrhea. Mothers had previous oral rehydration therapy, good health-seeking behavior, knowledge about oral rehydration therapy, caregivers' perception of tooth eruption, and weaning as causes of diarrhea. Signs to recognize the severity of dehydration were important factors with oral rehydration therapy utilization. It will be better to give mothers special attention to hindering factors from giving oral rehydration therapy for their beloved child during diarrheal disease.

Retrospective assessment of the status and determinants of tuberculosis treatment outcome among patients treated in government hospitals in North Shoa Administrative Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: One of the specific targets of Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course detailed in the updated Global Plan (2011-2015) was to achieve a treatment success rate of 87% by 2015. This strategy was introduced to Ethiopia in 1995 to reach full coverage in 2005; however, by 2009, treatment had not been as successful as expected. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine treatment success rate and identify risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in North Shoa Administrative Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all TB patients (739) who registered for TB treatment from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2014 at public hospitals in North Shoa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia. Data were gathered by using a pretested structured medical record checklist. Four data collectors and two supervisors were involved in gathering the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression and were entered into Epi Info and analyzed by using the SPSS software package version 20. RESULTS: This study revealed that the TB treatment success rate was 86.1% (169 [22.9%] cured and 467 [63.2%] completed). In addition, 22 (3%) of the study participants defaulted their treatment of which 19 (86.4%) withdrew during the intensive phase. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the study year of treatment, sputum smear positivity at the second-month follow-up, history of treatment default, and subsequent hospitalization were significantly associated with the TB treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: The TB treatment success rate in the study area was low compared to that estimated by World Health Organization to achieve by 2015. Therefore, Federal Ministry of Health and Regional and Zonal Health Office have to strengthen the interventions on minimizing anti-TB treatment default rate through well-organized documentation, follow-up on TB patients, and awareness-creation programs.