[3D printing in plastic surgery, an accessible tool: Technical note around a case of otopoiesis assisted by 3D model]. / L'impression 3D en chirurgie plastique, un outil accessible : note technique autour d'un cas d'otopoïèse assistée par modèle 3D.

3D printing has been used in the medical field since the beginning of the 21st century. Over the years, it has been democratized and has become an accessible tool at almost no cost, provided that a 3D printer is available. The surgeon can thus easily integrate it into his practice and techniques in the operating room, provided that he learns to use 3D image processing software. In order to illustrate the whole process, from the genesis and processing of the 3D image to its application in the operating room, we describe the case of a patient with a left auricle amputation, whose reconstruction was guided by a 3D model printed from his right ear.

[Secondary surgery of the external ear]. / Chirurgie secondaire du pavillon de l'oreille.

Secondary surgeries of the external ear can be divided into two categories: secondary otoplasties and secondary ear reconstructions. The most frequent causes of secondary otoplasties are a recurrence, an over-corrected ear, an off-center ear, a prominent lobule, and finally chronic ear pain. Recurrence of the prominence can be treated by a new posterior stitch otoplasty, an Earfold clip, or a frame stitch. The over-corrected ear can be projected either by costal cartilage grafts or by hyaluronic acids. Patients who are unsatisfied of the aesthetic result of their prominent ear correction usually complain about an off-centered ear, because the ideal ear axis is parallel to the cheek. A prominent lobule can be corrected with a posterior stitch and a VY flap. Chronic ear pain can be significantly reduced by a protocol of physiotherapy with positive sensory feedback. In ear reconstruction, it is important preserve the retroauricular skin and the superficial temporal fascia, which are the workhorses of ear reconstruction. Secondary ear reconstructions are usually very complex procedures, which should be performed by specialists.