How we approach the use of sirolimus and new agents: Medical therapy to treat vascular anomalies.

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are a heterogeneous group of primarily congenital tumors and malformations. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) has developed a standard classification of these disorders, creating a uniform approach to their diagnosis. Recent discoveries evaluating the genetic causes of VAs have revealed that they are due to mutations in cancer pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK/MEK pathways. These discoveries have led to improved phenotype-genotype correlation and have expanded medical therapy for this group of unique disorders.

[Updates in hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer in 2021]. / Actualités 2021 sur le cancer du sein localement avancé ou métastatique RH+/HER2−.

Overall, 2021 was marked by the confirmation of the major interest of cell cycle inhibitors for hormone receptor (HR) positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative advanced breast cancers with very high overall survival data exceeding five years for hormone-sensitive disease. Studies have also confirmed the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic class in the elderly population. New cell cycle inhibitors are under development (SHR6390). New combinations are also being evaluated, notably palbociclib with SAR439859 (a new selective estrogen receptor degrader: SERD). Targeting of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway by taselisib, in hormone-resistant disease with a Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) mutation, modestly improves progression-free survival but with a non-negligible toxicity of the treatment.