RESUMO
Ischemic stroke is a serious neurological condition that requires urgent attention. As a time-dependent disease, acute stroke management must be coordinated and effective to provide the best treatment as early as possible. The treatment of the acute phase of ischemic stroke includes general measures to ensure patient hemodynamic stability, the use of reperfusion therapies (intravenous thrombolytics and mechanical thrombectomy), improving cerebral protection by monitoring the homeostasis of certain variables as blood pressure, glycemia, temperature, or oxygenation, as well as preventing cerebral and systemic complications. Also, it is necessary an early planning of comprehensive rehabilitation. To prevent early recurrences, control of vascular risk factors and antithrombotic treatment is recommended. The management of patients with acute ischemic stroke aims to reverse initial symptoms, to prevent further brain damage, improve functional outcomes and avoid ischemic recurrences.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , Terapia Trombolítica/efeitos adversos , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Surgery of the ascending aorta and its arc with extracorporeal circulation require an arterial cannulation that assures and adequate systemic circulation and reduces the risk of neurological complications. A peripheral cannulation such as the femoral artery, a central extra-thoracic approach such as axillary, subclavian or carotid arteries or a central intra-thoracic approach such as aorta and innominate arteries, are valid alternatives. Innominate artery cannulation can be carried out without the need of a second incision. It is an easily accessible and large bore vessel. It allows an anterograde brain and visceral flow. In cases of aortic arch surgery, the clamping of the artery in its origin, allows a selective anterograde brain perfusion. The surgical technique for innominate artery cannulation is herein described.
La cirugía de la aorta ascendente y cayado con circulación extra corpórea requiere de una canulación arterial que permita asegurar una perfusión sistémica adecuada y disminuir las complicaciones neurológicas. El sitio ideal de canulación es aún un tema de discusión entre los cirujanos. Entre las alternativas de abordaje están la canulación periférica (arteria femoral), la canulación central extratorácica (arterias axilar, subclavia o carótidas) y la canulación central intratorácica (aorta, arteria innominada). La canulación de la arteria innominada es una técnica que se puede realizar sin necesidad de una segunda incisión, es un vaso de fácil abordaje y habitualmente de gran calibre. Permite entregar un flujo cerebral y visceral anterógrado y, en caso de cirugía sobre el cayado, el pinzamiento de la arteria a nivel de su origen permite entregar una perfusión cerebral selectiva anterógrada. Se describen la técnica quirúrgica y los reparos operatorios que nos parecen importantes en su realización.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Tronco Braquiocefálico , Cateterismo/métodos , Circulação Extracorpórea/métodos , Encefalopatias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Perfusão/métodosRESUMO
La resolución de la patología del arco aórtico constituye un desafío quirúrgico. En el presente reporte se describen 3 casos, detallando las estrategias utilizadas en nuestro servicio para reemplazar el arco cuando se debe asociar a reemplazo de aorta ascendente por esternotomía o cuando se requiere reemplazo simultáneo de aorta descendente por toracotomía.
A resoluçâo da patologia do arco aórtico constitui um desafio cirúrgico. No presente relato descrevem-se 3 casos, detalhando as estratégias utilizadas em nosso serviço para substituir o arco quando e deve associar a substituiçâo da aorta ascendente por esternotomía ou quando é necessária uma substituiçâo da aorta descendente por toracotomía.
The resolution of aortic arch disease is a surgical challenge. This report describes 3 cases indicating the strategies used in our department to replace the arch combining the replacement of the ascending aorta by sternotomy or when it is necessary to simultaneously replace the descending aorta by thoracotomy.