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1.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants ; 28(10): 1799-1811, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36484029

RESUMO

Anthocyanins are natural pigments and play significant roles in multiple growth, development, and stress response processes in plants. The vegetables with high anthocyanin content have better colours, higher antioxidant activity than green vegetables and are potent antioxidants with health benefits. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in purple and green leaves of Raphanus sativus (radish) is poorly understood and needs further investigation. In the present study, the pigment content in a green leaf cultivar "RA9" and a purple-leaf cultivar "MU17" was characterized and revealed that the MU17 had significantly increased accumulation of anthocyanins and reduced content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compared with that in RA9. Meanwhile, these two cultivars were subjected to a combination of metabolomic and transcriptome studies. A total of 52 massively content-changed metabolites and 3463 differentially expressed genes were discovered in MU17 compared with RA9. In addition, the content of significantly increased flavonoids (such as pelargonidin and cyanidin) was identified in MU17 compared to RA9 using an integrated analysis of metabolic and transcriptome data. Moreover, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results also confirmed the differences in the expression of genes related to pathways of flavonoids and anthocyanin metabolism in MU17 leaves. The present findings provide valuable information for anthocyanin metabolism and further genetic manipulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish leaves. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01245-w.

2.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci ; 32(3): 413-420, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30145871

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of dry radish leaf and root on the quality of pork patties during refrigeration storage. METHODS: The patties were divided into the following three groups: the control containing 0% dry radish leaf root powder, RL1 containing 0.5% dry radish leaf root powder, and RL2 and RL3 containing 1% and 2% dry radish leaf root powder, respectively. Proximate composition, pH, cooking loss, microbial analysis, lipid oxidation analysis, color, texture profile analysis and sensory test were performed. RESULTS: Moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents in RL2 and RL3 were significantly higher than those in other groups (p<0.05), whereas crude fat contents in RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). Lightness was significantly lower in RL2 and RL3 than in CON (p<0.05). Cooking loss for RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those for the other groups (p<0.05). The pH, thiobarbituric acid levels, and total plate counts of RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those of CON at days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). Hardness values of RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those of CON, whereas chewiness values were higher than those of CON (p<0.05). In addition, the juiciness of RL2 were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of the other groups. CONCLUSION: Dried radish leaves and roots improved the proximate composition and quality characteristics of pork patties, providing a basis to produce high-quality patties with extended expiration dates. Thus, dried radish leaves and roots are effective ingredients for health or functional foods.

3.
EFSA J ; 21(12): e8421, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38130323

RESUMO

In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Syngenta Crop Protection AG submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance mandipropamid in radish leaves (classified under the subgroup of kales), based on an intended indoor use on radishes. The residue data in radish leaves submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive an MRL proposal for this commodity. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of mandipropamid on the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of mandipropamid according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented.

4.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 195(7): 4347-4367, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36689157

RESUMO

The economic viability of algal biodiesel can be improved by enhancing the microalgal lipid accumulation and using agricultural waste as a cheap and sustainable source of catalysts. In the current study, the effect of various nitrogen concentrations on the growth and lipid of Chlorella homosphaera were investigated. Furthermore, two-step catalytic conversion was applied to convert the oil of C. homosphaera with high free fatty acids (FFA) to biodiesel using waste radish leaves as a source of a heterogeneous base catalyst. The result revealed that the maximum lipid productivity of 25.0 mg L-1 day-1 and lipid content of 30.83% were obtained under nitrogen-depleted and limited nitrogen conditions, respectively. The FFA was reduced from 18.79 to 0.76%, and the acid value was decreased from 37.4 to 1.52 mg KOH g-1 using a 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio (MTOR), 1.5 wt.% H2SO4, at 60 °C for 150 min. Under the optimized conditions, i.e., MTOR of 10:1, 3 wt.% of catalyst ratio for 120 min at 60 °C, the highest oil conversion of 96.61% was obtained. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were in the range of the standard specification norms for biodiesel. Hence, the proposed two-step catalytic conversion using calcined radish leaves as a heterogeneous catalyst has thus exhibited good potential for biodiesel production using algal oil with high FFA.


Assuntos
Chlorella , Raphanus , Biocombustíveis , Esterificação , Óleos de Plantas/química , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/química , Catálise , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR
5.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 209(Pt A): 923-934, 2022 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35447261

RESUMO

Determining the structure of REPI, an immunostimulatory polysaccharide fraction from radish leaves, is an important health objective. Herein, we show that REP-I contains nine different monosaccharides, including GalA (22.2%), Gal (32.6%), Ara (27.5%), and Rha (10.2%) as main sugars. REP-I was also reacted with ß-glucosyl Yariv reagent (29.8%), suggesting the presence of the arabino-ß-3,6-galactan. Furthermore, methylated-product analysis revealed that REP-I contains 13 different glycosyl linkages, including 4-linked GalpA (21.0%), 2,4-linked Rhap (7.0%), 4-linked Galp (5.8%), 5-linked Araf (10.1%), and 3,6-linked Galp (7.9%), which are characteristic of RG-I. Microstructural information was obtained by sequential degradation using four linkage-specific glycosylases and ß-elimination, with fragments analyzed on the basis of sugar composition, methylation, and MS/MS spectra. The results show that the immunostimulatory activity of REP-I is possibly due to the structure of RG-I, which is composed of a main chain with repeating [→2)-Rhap-(1 â†’ 4)-GalpA-(1→] linkage units and three side-chains: a branched α(1 â†’ 5)arabinan, a ß(1 â†’ 4)galactan, and arabino-ß-3,6-galactan, which are branched at the C(O)4 position of each Rha residue in the REP-I main chain.


Assuntos
Raphanus , Sequência de Carboidratos , Galactanos/análise , Pectinas/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Ramnogalacturonanos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
6.
J Med Food ; 21(8): 769-776, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30110203

RESUMO

In this study, we investigated a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that was isolated from radish leaf (Raphanus sativus L.) extracts. Through sequential fractionation of radish leaf extract, the active constituent was identified as cis-13-docosenamide (erucamide). To validate the potency, erucamide derived from radish leaves was supplemented in diets and then fed to trimethyltin (TMT)-exposed mice. Specifically, mice had free access to a control diet or diets containing different concentrations of erucamide for 3 weeks, followed by an injection of TMT (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Our results showed that pretreatment of mice with erucamide (20 and 40 mg/kg body weight per day) significantly attenuated the TMT-induced learning and memory deficits that were assessed by Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. These findings suggest that radish leaves, and possibly its isolated erucamide, may have preventive effects against memory deficits related to Alzheimer's disease by modulation of cholinergic functions.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Ácidos Erúcicos/farmacologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Raphanus , Animais , Inibidores da Colinesterase/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Erúcicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Erúcicos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Fitoterapia , Folhas de Planta , Compostos de Trimetilestanho
7.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 103: 406-414, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29674276

RESUMO

Natural antioxidants play a critical role in the promotion of good health for its prevention of oxidative stress. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of radish leaves extract on the oxidative damage in human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. F2, a fraction of radish leaves extracts, which was fractionated by different polarity solvents and AB-8 macroporous resins column shows the best free radical scavenging ability, the highest total polyphenol contents (TPC), and the most potent protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in MRC-5 cells. The results indicated that pretreatment with F2 before the exposure of cells to H2O2 led to a significant increase in cell viability and internal antioxidant enzyme activities, and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, F2 attenuated the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and restored the loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) caused by H2O2. In addition, pretreatment of F2 down-regulated the pro-apoptosis protein (Bax) and up-regulated the anti-apoptosis protein (Bcl-2) suggested its preliminary mechanism of protective effect. In summary, F2 from radish leaves might be used as a source of antioxidant for protecting the oxidative damage of lung.


Assuntos
Citoproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raphanus , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Citoproteção/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feto , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Humanos , Pulmão , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta
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