[Research Progress on Application of Sports Beverage to Post-exercise Fluid Restoration].

A good hydration status is important to the exercise performance and cognitive function of exercisers.The effective restoration of fluid balance after exercise is helpful to prevent dehydration,maintain body fluid balance,accelerate fatigue recovery,and enhance exercise performance.As the most effective sports nutrition supplement,sports beverage has different ingredients and formulas,and also has various effects.To provide clues for the development of sports beverage,this article reviews the types,components,effects,and mechanisms of sports beverage currently used in post-exercise fluid restoration.

Development and characterization of a novel flavored functional fermented whey-based sports beverage fortified with Spirulina platensis.

Spirulina platensis, a microalga known for its exceptional nutritional value, especially its bioactive compounds and protein content, holds promise for incorporation into functional food products. Ricotta cheese whey is a byproduct of the production of ricotta cheese that is difficult to use in industries due to its low pH and less favorable processing qualities. This research aimed to create a unique fermented ricotta cheese whey-based beverage supplemented with various Spirulina powder concentrations (0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 0.75 % w/w) cooperated with a mixture of lemon and peppermint juice 10 % and fermented by probiotic (ABT) culture. The physicochemical, rheological, bioactive compounds, microbiological, and sensory properties were evaluated over a storage period of 21 days at cold storage. Spirulina-fermented whey-based beverages with a mixture of lemon and peppermint juice increased the concentration of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and total phenolic compounds in the final product. The count of probiotic bacteria in all fermented beverage samples exceeded 7 log CFU/mL throughout storage, indicating that the fermented beverage kept its probiotic properties. The addition of 0.5 % Spirulina significantly improved the final product's structural qualities and sensory acceptance.

Effects of carbohydrate and protein supplement strategies on endurance capacity and muscle damage of endurance runners: A double blind, controlled crossover trial.

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of carbohydrate only or carbohydrate plus protein supplementation on endurance capacity and muscle damage. Methods: Ten recreationally active male runners (VO2max: 53.61 ± 3.86 ml/kg·min) completed run-to-exhaustion test three times with different intakes of intervention drinks. There was a 7-day wash-out period between tests. Each test started with 60 minutes of running at 70% VO2max (phase 1), followed by an endurance capacity test: time-to-exhaustion running at 80% VO2max (phase 2). Participants randomly ingested either 1) 0.4 g/kg BM carbohydrate before phase 1 and before phase 2 (CHO+CHO), 2) 0.4 g/kg BM protein before phase 1 and 0.4 g/kg BM carbohydrate before phase 2 (PRO+CHO), or 3) 0.4 g/kg BM carbohydrate before phase 1 and 0.4 g/kg BM protein before phase 2 (CHO+PRO). All subjects ingested carbohydrate (CHO) 1.2 g/kg BM during phase 1, and blood samples were obtained before, immediately, and 24 h after exercise for measurements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MB). Results: There was no significant difference in time to exhaustion between the three supplement strategies (CHO+CHO: 432 ± 225 s; PRO+CHO: 463 ± 227 s; CHO+PRO: 461 ± 248 s). However, ALT and AST were significantly lower in PRO+CHO than in CHO+CHO 24 h after exercise (ALT: 16.80 ± 6.31 vs. 24.39 ± 2.54 U/L; AST: 24.06 ± 4.77 vs. 31.51 ± 7.53 U/L, p < 0.05). MB was significantly lower in PRO+CHO and CHO+PRO than in CHO+CHO 24 h after exercise (40.7 ± 15.2; 38.1 ± 14.3; 64.3 ± 28.9 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). CK increased less in PRO+CHO compared to CHO+CHO 24 h after exercise (404.22 ± 75.31 VS. 642.33 ± 68.57 U/L, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Carbohydrate and protein supplement strategies can reduce muscle damage caused by endurance exercise, but they do not improve endurance exercise capacity.