Very long-lasting spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine: A report of two cases.

Spinal anesthesia usually lasts up to two hours, but an infusion of IV dexmedetomidine can prolong it to three to four hours. We report two cases where single spinal anesthesia with IV dexmedetomidine was maintained for more than six hours during tibia fracture surgery. The spinal anesthesia was maintained for 350 and 390 minutes without another medication, and the sensory level confirmed after the surgery was T10 and L1. Dexmedetomidine can very-prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia beyond what has been reported. However, longer infusion times can also result in longer recovery times.

Improving Team Members' Attention During the OR Briefing or Time Out.

Effective coordination among health care professionals is crucial to achieving optimal outcomes. In the OR, even minor errors can have catastrophic consequences. To mitigate the risk of error, health care professionals have adopted a briefing culture like that used in the aviation industry. Briefings are essential to ensure that everyone involved in a procedure knows the plan and potential risks and is prepared to perform their duties safely and effectively. The fundamental human sense involved in briefings is auditory perception; although important, hearing alone does not equate to focused attention. To enhance the efficacy of briefings, engaging the use of a second sense by adding a visual checklist may increase attentiveness and the chances of early error detection and prevention. Using a projection device may enhance all team members' engagement and participation during the briefing or time-out process and can be an effective tool for improving communication and reducing errors.

The effect of surgical time on perioperative complications in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases. A propensity score analysis.

BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be lengthy and complication-ridden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical time on perioperative complications in this procedure when controlling for confounding variables with propensity score analysis. METHODS: This was an IRB-approved review of electronic health records from 2010 to 2019 at a single tertiary care children's hospital. Patients undergoing PSIF were grouped into "short" (< 6 h) or "long" (≥ 6 h) surgical time groups. Outcome measures were estimated blood loss (EBL), cell saver transfusions, packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions, length of stay (LOS), intraoperative monitoring (IOM) alerts, hematocrit, ICU transfer, neurologic loss, surgical site infection, and 90-day readmissions. We controlled for age, sex, BMI, curve severity, number of segments fused, and surgeon factors. RESULTS: After propensity score matching there were 113 patients in each group. The short surgical time group had lower EBL (median 715, IQR 550-900 vs median 875, IQR 650-1100 cc; p < 0.001), received less cell saver blood (median 120, IQR 60-168 vs median 160, IQR 97-225 cc; p = 0.001), received less intraoperative pRBCs (median 0, IQR 0-0 vs median 0, IQR 0-320, p = 0.002), had shorter average LOS (4.8 ± 1.7 vs 5.4 ± 2.5 days; p = 0.039), and fewer IOM alerts (4.3% vs 18%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with shorter surgical times had less blood loss, received less transfused blood, had a shorter LOS, and fewer IOM alerts compared to patients with longer surgical times. Surgical times < 6 h may have safety and efficacy advantages over longer times. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Comparative Analysis of Surgical Durations and Fees Across Eight Types of Glaucoma Surgery Performed by a Single Surgeon.

The duration of several types of glaucoma surgery and reimbursement amounts per minute of surgery remain unknown. This study compared the surgical duration of glaucoma procedures (ab interno trabeculotomy, PreserFlo, ab externo trabeculotomy, bleb revision, EXPRESS, trabeculectomy, Ahmed, and the Baerveldt implant) and their reimbursement amounts in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed 30 consecutive surgeries of each type of glaucoma surgery. The reimbursement amount per surgical hour was calculated by subtracting the implant cost from the total medical fees. Amounts were converted to dollars based on an exchange rate of 1 USD = 133 JPY. The average surgical time was as follows: ab interno trabeculotomy, 7.8 ± 2.1; PreserFlo, 13.5 ± 4.0; ab externo trabeculotomy, 15.2 ± 4.1; bleb revision, 15.6 ± 2.3; EXPRESS, 16.9 ± 2.7; trabeculectomy, 18.5 ± 3.1; Ahmed, 35.8 ± 8.2; and Baerveldt, 39.2 ± 6.2. The reimbursement amounts after implant deduction were as follows: ab interno trabeculotomy, $1,089; PreserFlo, $1,538; ab externo trabeculotomy, $1,430; bleb revision, $259; EXPRESS, $1,600; trabeculectomy, $1,774; Ahmed, $1,600; and Baerveldt, $1,765. Reimbursement amounts per minute varied, with the highest and lowest for ab interno trabeculotomy and bleb revision at $140 per minute and $17 per minute, respectively. Reimbursement amounts per minute of surgery for eight types of glaucoma surgery vary by up to eightfold.

Cavity Shave Margins in Breast Conservative Surgery a Strategy to Reduce Positive Margins and Surgical Time.

Background: Resection of additional tissue circumferentially around the cavity left by lumpectomy (cavity shave) was suggested to reduce rates of positive margins and re-excision. Methods: A single center retrospective study which analyzed margins status, re-excision, and surgical time in patients who underwent breast conserving surgery and cavity shave or intraoperative evaluation of resection margins. Results: Between 2021 and 2023, 594 patients were enrolled in the study. In patients subjected to cavity shave, a significant reduction in positive, focally positive, or closer margins was reported 8.9% vs. 18.5% (p = 0.003). No difference was reported in terms of surgical re-excision (p < 0.846) (5% vs. 5.5%). Surgical time was lower in patients subjected to cavity shave (<0.001). The multivariate analysis intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph node OR 1.816 and cavity shave OR 2.909 were predictive factors for a shorter surgical time. Excluding patients subjected to intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph node and patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, patients that underwent the cavity shave presented a reduced surgical time (67.9 + 3.8 min vs. 81.6 + 2.8 min) (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Cavity shaving after lumpectomy reduced the rate of positive margins and it was associated with a significant reduction in surgical time compared to intraoperative evaluation of resection margins.

Transoral robotic surgery for pediatric upper airway pathology: An institutional update.

OBJECTIVE: Provide an update on our institution's experience with utilizing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in pediatric airway surgery and compare these results to surgery by traditional methods. METHODS: Pediatric patients who underwent TORS for treatment of upper airway pathology between 2010 and 2021 at our institution were retrospectively identified and compared to patients with the same or similar pathology who underwent a traditional (open or endoscopic) surgical approach over the same time period. Outcomes of interest included patient demographics, operative times, adverse events, hospital length of stay (LOS), and modified barium swallow (MBSS) results. RESULTS: Forty children (19M, 21F) underwent 46 TORS procedures. Mean age was 6.4 years (range: 6 days-17 years). Most commonly treated pathology included: laryngeal clefts (LC) (n = 18), lymphatic malformations (n = 9), and base of tongue masses (n = 7). Surgical time was decreased in traditional type I LC repairs (mean: 111 vs 149 min, P = 0.04) and lymphatic malformation excisions (59 vs 120 min, p = 0.005). Hospital LOS was increased in TORS type I LC repairs (2.6 vs 1.2 days, P = 0.04). Adverse event rate was similar between TORS and traditional cohorts (17 % vs 16 % cases, P = 0.9). Postoperative MBSS results were improved for TORS type I LC repairs at 6 months (70 % vs 33 %, P = 0.09) and 12 months (82 % vs 43 %, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric TORS is practical and safe and has comparable outcomes to traditional surgery. Robotic-assisted LC repair displayed improved postoperative swallow results versus traditional approaches and may be particularly useful in recurrent cases.

Preoperative CT Scan is not Associated with Shorter Surgical Time or Improved Patient Outcomes for Trimalleolar Ankle Fractures.

Background: Posterior malleolar involvement can drastically affect patient outcomes. Literature has supported the use of preoperative Computed Tomography (CT) to assess posterior malleolar fracture morphology. The purpose of this study is to determine whether preoperative CT is associated with significant improvement in surgical time, postoperative complications, reoperation rates in trimalleolar ankle fractures. Surgeons were also asked to complete survey regarding use of CT scans to gauge utility preoperatively. Methods: Adult patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures who underwent operative fixation between 2018-2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes included surgical time, postoperative complications, and reoperations. Secondary outcome was presence of posterior malleolar fixation. 15 surgeons who performed ankle ORIF were surveyed to gain information regarding why or why not preoperative CT scan was obtained. Results: 288 patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures were included, 94 had preoperative CT scans (32.6%). No significant differences found in patient age, gender, BMI, smoking status between the groups that did and did not have preoperative CT scan. No significant differences were observed in AO/OTA classification between groups. Average surgical time was significantly higher in group that received a preoperative CT (114 without CT vs. 145 with CT, p<0.05). Complications (10.3% no CT vs 7.4% with CT, p=0.55) and reoperations (6.7% without CT vs. 7.4% with CT, p=0.16) not significantly different between groups. No significant difference was observed in rate of posterior malleolus fixation between groups (43.8% without CT vs 39.4% with CT; p=0.52). Of surveyed surgeons, 87% reported they don't routinely obtain preoperative CT scan for trimalleolar ankle fractures. Most common reasons for preoperative scans were deciding on approach/positioning, assessing for impaction, determining the size of the posterior malleolus. Conclusion: Although preoperative CT scans are obtained in one third of patients with operative trimalleolar ankle fractures, we did not find an improvement in surgical time, complications, and reoperation. Level of Evidence: III.

Adhesive surface electrodes versus needle-based neuromonitoring in lumbar spinal surgery.

Background: The relative safety and more widespread utility of an adhesive surface electrode-based neuromonitoring (ABM) system may reduce the time and cost of traditional needle-based neuromonitoring (NBM). Methods: This retrospective cohort review included one- and two-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedures (2019-2023). The primary variables studied included were time (in minutes) from patient entry into the operating room (OR) to incision, time from patient entry into the OR to closure, and time from incision to closure. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the ABM (31 patients) and NBM (51 patients) modalities. Results: We found no significant differences in the time from patient entry into the OR to incision (ABM: 71.8, NBM: 70.3, P = 0.70), time from patient entry into the OR to closure (ABM: 284.2, NBM: 301.7, P = 0.27), or time from incision to closure (ABM: 212.4, NBM: 231.4, P = 0.17) between the two groups. Further, no patients from either group required reoperation for mal-positioned instrumentation, and none sustained a new postoperative neurological deficit. The ABM approach did, however, allow for a reduction in neurophysiologist-workforce and neuromonitoring costs. Conclusion: The introduction of the ABM system did not lower surgical time but did demonstrate similar efficacy and clinical outcomes, with reduced clinical invasiveness, neurophysiologist-associated workforce, and overall neuromonitoring cost compared to NBM.

(Preoperative instillation of epinephrine and lidocaine may reduce the surgical time of endoscopic treatment of GTPS.). / La instilación preoperatoria de epinefrina y lidocaína puede reducir el tiempo quirúrgico del tratamiento endoscópico de SDTM.

INTRODUCTION: Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is a multifactorial clinical condition affecting the lateral area of the hip. Although conservative treatment shows good results, some patients may still require surgical bursectomy, which can be performed either openly or endoscopically. One of the main technical difficulties of the endoscopic procedure is intraoperative bleeding, which can hinder the medical team's vision and increase the operation time for endoscopic treatment of GTPS. HYPOTHESIS: An instillation of vasoconstrictors and local anesthetics before endoscopy will cause less intraoperative bleeding, which will translate into shorter surgical time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort was retrospectively divided based on the use or absence of a preoperative instillation of physiological saline solution with epinephrine and lidocaine. Surgical time was measured in each procedure and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: 139 hips from 139 patients were included in the analysis. 102 patients were included in the instillation group versus 37 in the control group. The surgical time was significantly shorter in the instillation group than in the control group, with an average (standard deviation) of 52.01 (14.71) and 72.30 (11.70) minutes, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The instillation of a physiological saline solution with epinephrine and lidocaine prior to the surgical treatment of GTPS is effective in reducing surgical times, likely due to a reduction in intraoperative bleeding. Future research should focus on more direct outcomes such as intraoperative blood loss and between different instillation protocols.

Experiencia en 24 pacientes con técnica de traqueostomía con incisión vertical por una limitación de la visibilidad secundaria a equipo de protección ocular en el área de cuidados intensivos respiratorios COVID / Experience in 24 patients with vertical incision tracheostomy technique for a lowing visibility for protection security equipment in COVID intensive care respiratory / Experiência em 24 pacientes com tecnica de traqueostomia por incisão vertical devido à visibilidade limitada secundária a equipamentos de proteção ocular na área de terapia intensiva respiratória COVID

Resumen: El uso de equipo de protección personal, en especial protección ocular, limita la visión al momento de llevar a cabo procedimientos quirúrgicos en área COVID. Estas limitaciones nos obligan a hacer modificaciones en procedimientos habituales, en esta ocasión se realizó una modificación a la incisión habitual del procedimiento de traqueostomía abierta. Se hizo una modificación descrita en bibliografías previas en la orientación de la incisión, cambiando la orientación habitual de la incisión horizontal a una incisión vertical, conservando el resto de la técnica y disección de planos habituales así como colocación de cánula. La modificación de la técnica tiene como objetivo disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones ocasionadas por la poca visión por parte del equipo de protección personal. Dentro de estas complicaciones se incluyen disminuir el riesgo de lesión a grandes vasos que por anatomía se encuentran en sitio anatómico a procedimiento, mejorar las condiciones de visión al ser un único plano de disección muscular y aponeurótico, disminuir sangrado transoperatorio al incidir en línea media, con ello reducir el riesgo de complicaciones y mejorar las condiciones de visión del operador.

Abstract: The use of personal protective equipment, especially eye protection, limits vision when performing surgical procedures in the COVID area, these limitations force us to make modifications to usual procedures, on this occasion a modification is made to the usual incision of the procedure open tracheostomy. A modification described in previous bibliographies was made, modifying the orientation of the incision, changing the usual orientation of the horizontal incision to a vertical incision, preserving the rest of the technique and dissection of the usual planes as well as placement of the cannula. The modification of the technique aims to reduce the risk of complications caused by poor vision due to personal protective equipment, within these complications to reduce the risk of injury to large vessels that by anatomy are in the anatomical site of the procedure, improve the vision conditions as it is a single muscle and aponeurotic dissection plane, reduce transoperative bleeding by incising in the midline, thereby reducing the risk of complications, improving the operator's vision conditions and reducing the risk of infection of personal health.

Resumo: O uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, principalmente proteção ocular, limita a visão ao realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos na área COVID. Essas limitações nos obrigam a fazer modificações nos procedimentos usuais, nesta ocasião foi feita uma modificação na incisão usual do procedimento de traqueostomia aberta. Realizou-se uma modificação descrita em bibliografias anteriores modificando a orientação da incisão, mudando a orientação usual da incisão horizontal para uma incisão vertical, mantendo o resto da técnica e dissecção dos planos habituais, bem como a colocação da cânula. A modificação da técnica visa diminuir o risco de complicações causadas pela má visão por equipamentos de proteção individual, dentro dessas complicações diminuir o risco de lesão de grandes vasos que pela anatomia estão no local anatômico do procedimento, melhorar as condições de visão ao ser um único plano de dissecção muscular e aponeurótica, reduzindo o sangramento intraoperatório por incisão na linha média, diminuindo assim o risco de complicações, melhorando as condições de visão do operador.

Factores asociados a la pérdida sanguínea en cirugía ortognática / Factors associated with blood loss in orthognathic surgery

RESUMEN La cirugía ortognática (CO) es un procedimiento quirúrgico que genera pérdida sanguínea intraoperatoria (PSI), motivo por el cual el cirujano bucal y maxilofacial (CBMF) permanentemente está generando nuevas técnicas para controlarla. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la PSI en CO. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo transversal y analítico. Se revisaron 60 historias clínicas de pacientes operados de CO que cumplieron los criterios de selección. La variable dependiente fue PSI y las covariables: tipo de CO, operador (Cirujano bucal y Maxilofacial o Residente del programa en CBMF), instrumentos de corte, tiempo operatorio (TO), tiempo de protrombina (TP), tiempo de tromboplastina (TTP), recuento de plaquetas, edad y sexo. Se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas ANOVA, t de Student, Rho de Spearman y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la PSI con el TO y la relación con el operador (p<0,005) y (p<0,001). Además, existe correlación directa entre PSI y TO (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El operador y el TO son variables asociadas directamente a la PSI en las CO.

ABSTRACT Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure that generates intraoperative blood loss, which is why the oral and maxillofacial surgeon is constantly generating new techniques and technologies for the reduction of intraoperative blood loss. Objective: To determine the factors associated with intraoperative blood loss in orthognathic surgery. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. Sixty medical records of patients operated of orthognathic surgery were reviewed that met the selection criteria. The dependent variable was intraoperative blood loss and the covariates: type of orthognathic surgery, operator: Maxillofacial surgeon or resident of the program in maxillofacial surgeon, cutting instruments, operative time, prothrombin time, thromboplastin time, platelet count, age and sex. The statistical tests ANOVA, Student's t, Spearman's Rho and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results: There is a significant difference in Intraoperative blood loss and operative time in relation to the operator who performed the surgery (p<0.005) and (p<0.001) there is also a direct correlation between intraoperative blood loss and operative time (p<0.05). Conclusions: The operator and the TO are variables directly associated with the PSI in the orthognathic surgery.

Evaluation of barbed suture for celiorrhaphy and subcutaneous closure in bitches with pyometra submitted to ovariohysterectomy

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the use of barbed sutures over the surgical time, the leukogram, the tissue thickness in which the sutures were employed (ultrasonography), the costs, and the possible complications in bitches with pyometra submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OH). Methods Convectional 2.0 polyglyconate suture was used in the control group (CG n = 10) and 2.0 barbed polyglyconate suture in the barbed group (BG n = 10) to perform celiorrhaphy (simple continuous pattern) and subcutaneous closure (continuous intradermal pattern). Data were assessed using paired (leukogram between 24 and 48 h within the same group) and unpaired (leukogram, surgical time, tissue thickness, and costs) Student's t-test. The Fisher exact test was used to assess the occurrence of seroma between groups (p < 0.05). Results are shown as mean ± standard error of mean. Results The time spent to perform the celiorrhaphy (195.30 ± 17.37 s vs. 204 ± 16.00 s), subcutaneous closure (174.0 ± 15.86 s vs. 198.0 ± 15.62 s), and the total surgical time (24.30 ± 1.44 min vs. 23.00 ± 1.30 min) did not differ between BG and CG, respectively (p > 0.05). Leukogram at 48 h post-surgery did not differ between groups (p = 0.20). No differences were observed in the subcutaneous and the abdominal wall thickness (cm) assessed by ultrasonography at 48 h in BG (0.31 ± 0.04, 0.80 ± 0.05) and CG (0.34 ± 0.03, 0.72 ± 0.06), respectively. Similarly, 15 days post-surgery the same structures did not differ between BG (0.26 ± 0.02, 0.74 ± 0.08) and CG (0.26 ± 0.03, 0.64 ± 0.05) (p > 0.05). In one bitch from each group, a mild seroma was observed on one side of the surgical wound 48 h after surgery (p = 1.00). The procedures in which barbed sutures were used had an average additional cost of R$ 200.00 ± 11.66 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Barbed suture has proven to be efficient and safe for abdominal and subcutaneous closure. However, considering its current high cost in addition thatthe surgical time of bitches with pyometra undergone OH was not reduced, no advantages were observed with theuse of barbed sutures for this type of surgery.

Caracterización de los pacientes con hernia inguinal operados por la técnica de Lichtenstein / Characterization of Patients with Inguinal Hernia Operated on Using the Lichtenstein Technique

RESUMEN Introducción: En la provincia de Mayabeque se emplea la técnica de Lichtenstein en la reparación de la hernia inguinal, con una recidiva inferior al 3 por ciento. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con diagnóstico de hernia inguinal operados por la técnica de hernioplastia de Lichtenstein. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo en pacientes operados de hernia inguinal en el Hospital "Leopoldito Martínez" de enero-2013 a diciembre-2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 218 y una muestra probabilística sistemática de 128 casos. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas. Las variables cuantitativas se resumieron mediante media aritmética y desviación estándar y las variables cualitativas mediante los por cientos. La comparación de proporciones se realizó a través del chi-cuadrado y la dócima de Duncan, considerándose un nivel de significación para p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (94,54 por ciento), la edad entre 41 - 60 años (42,96 por ciento), tipo de hernia III A (60,15 por ciento) y evolución media de la misma 42,3 meses; el tiempo quirúrgico fue de 1-2 horas (65,62 por ciento) con media de 1 h, 26 minutos. Prevalecieron las complicaciones dolor agudo (13,28 por ciento) e infección del sitio quirúrgico (3,12 por ciento) y estadía hospitalaria < 24 horas (79,68 por ciento) con una recidiva de 2,34 por ciento. Conclusiones: La técnica de Lichtenstein es efectiva en la reparación de la hernia inguinal en la provincia de Mayabeque. La media del tiempo quirúrgico se estima en 1 hora y 26 minutos como máximo y la estadía hospitalaria a expensas de las complicaciones de 24-72 horas. El por ciento de recidivas es alto y debe mejorar depurando la técnica(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Mayabeque Province, the Lichtenstein technique is used to repair inguinal hernia, with a recurrence below 3 percent. Objective: To characterize patients with a diagnosis of inguinal hernia operated on by the Lichtenstein hernioplasty technique. Methods: A longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out in patients operated on for inguinal hernia at Leopoldito Martínez Hospital, from January-2013 to December-2017. The universe consisted of 218, with a systematic probabilistic sample of 128 cases. The data were obtained from medical records. Quantitative variables were summarized by arithmetic mean and standard deviation, while qualitative variables were summarized by percentages. The comparison of proportions was carried out through the chi-square and Duncan's test, considering a level of significance of P< 0.05. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex predominated (94.54 percent), the age between 41 and 60 years (42.96 percent), and the hernia type III A (60.15 percent), with mean evolution of 42.3 month. Surgical time was 1-2 hours (65.62 percent), with a mean of one hour and 26 minutes. There was predominance of acute pain complications (13.28 percent), surgical-site infection (3.12 percent) and hospital stay below 24 hours (79.68 percent), with a recurrence of 2.34 percent. Conclusions: The Lichtenstein technique is effective for inguinal hernia repair in the Mayabeque Province. Mean surgical time is estimated to be a maximum of one hour and 26 minutes, while hospital stay, at the expense of complications, was 24-72 hours. The percentage of recurrences is high and should improve by refining the technique(AU)

Experiencia del equipo quirúrgico y grado de dificultad de la intervención. ¿Variables significativas en la incidencia de complicaciones durante la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica? / Experience of the surgical team and level of difficulty of the intervention. Significant variables in the incidence of complications during laparoscopic gynecological surgery?

Resumen OBJETIVO: Primario: observar si el grado de dificultad de la intervención y la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico influyen en la incidencia de complicaciones y consecuencias adversas de la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica. Secundario: valorar cuál de las dos variables influye de forma más negativa y, además, estudiar los mecanismos que pueden implementarse en la práctica diaria, clínica y formativa para reducir las consecuencias quirúrgicas adversas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo efectuado en el Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena de Sevilla entre enero de 2015 y febrero de 2016. Se incluyeron todas las cirugías laparoscópicas indicadas por diagnóstico de patología benigna. La muestra se dividió en 3 grupos en función de la distribución de los cirujanos y su experiencia quirúrgica. Las intervenciones se categorizaron conforme a la dificultad en tres grados (el 3 correspondió al de mayor dificultad). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 195 cirugías laparoscópicas. La experiencia del equipo quirúrgico fue un factor determinante en los desenlaces heterogéneos, por lo que el grado de dificultad de la intervención tuvo una relación más estrecha con las consecuencias quirúrgicas adversas. Por lo que se refiere al grado de dificultad previo a la cirugía, solo fueron estadísticamente significativos el tiempo quirúrgico y la pérdida hemática, que fue mayor en las intervenciones grado 3. La estancia hospitalaria media, las reintervenciones, reingreso, conversión a laparotomía o complicaciones también fueron mayores en el grupo con grado 3 de dificultad y menor en el 1, pero sin significación estadística. CONCLUSIÓN: Con base en lo reportado se desprende que el grado de dificultad de la intervención tiene más influencia en las complicaciones quirúrgicas que la experiencia del cirujano y el ayudante.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Primary: to observe whether the degree of difficulty of the intervention and the experience of the surgical team influence the incidence of complications and adverse consequences of laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Secondary: to assess which of the two variables influences more negatively and, in addition, to study the mechanisms that can be implemented in daily, clinical and educational practice to reduce the adverse surgical consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study carried out in the Virgen Macarena University Hospital of Seville, between January 2015 and February 2016. Including all laparoscopic surgeries performed for benign pathology in that period. The sample has been divided into 3 groups according to the distribution of the surgeons, taking into account their surgical experience. On the other hand, the interventions have been categorized according to the difficulty in three levels (with 3 being the most difficult). RESULTS: 195 laparoscopic surgeries have been collected. The experience of the surgical team has been a factor that has shown heterogeneous results, so the level of difficulty of the intervention seems more related to the surgical adverse effects. Regarding the level of difficulty prior to surgery, only surgical time and blood loss were statistically significant, which was greater in level 3 interventions. Variables such as average hospital stay, reoperations, readmission, conversion to laparotomy or complications were also higher in the group of level 3 of difficulty and lower in group 1, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The results raise the theory of which the level of difficulty of the intervention influences of more direct form in the surgical complications that the surgical experience of the surgeon and the assistant.

Curva de aprendizaje en histerectomía laparoscópica. ¿Cuántas intervenciones se necesitan para dominar la técnica con estándares de seguridad? / Learning curve of laparoscopic hysterectomy. How many interventions are required to consider the technique dominated with safety standards?

Resumen OBJETIVO: Demostrar si se cumple lo publicado en referencia a las curvas de aprendizaje en histerectomía laparoscópica, para un mismo equipo quirúrgico, en variables como el porcentaje de complicaciones, conversiones a laparotomía, tiempo quirúrgico, pérdida de hemoglobina, días de hospitalización, etcétera. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, observacional de cohortes, prospectivo y de intervención efectuado de julio de 2014 a octubre de 2017 en el Departamento de Ginecología del Hospital General Santa María del Puerto, Cádiz, España. Criterio de inclusión: pacientes con histerectomía total o supracervical laparoscópica. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 45 procedimientos divididos en 3 cohortes de 15 pacientes cada una de acuerdo con el orden temporal de realización. Así, el grupo 1 fue el de las primeras 15 histerectomías efectuadas, el grupo 2 de la 16 a la 30, y el grupo 3 de la 31 a la 45; es decir, las últimas 15 llevadas a cabo. El porcentaje de complicaciones y conversión a laparotomía fue de 13.3% en el grupo 1, de 6.7% en el grupo 2 y de 0% en el 3 (p = 0.343). El tiempo quirúrgico medio en el grupo 1 fue de 164 minutos, en el 2 de 101 minutos y en el 3 de 90 minutos (p = 0.001). Entre los diferentes grupos se registraron mejoras progresivas estadísticamente significativas en la pérdida de hemoglobina o la estancia hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: Con base en nuestros resultados la curva de aprendizaje es de 45 intervenciones, suficientes para practicar con estándares de seguridad este tipo de cirugías.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To observe the learning curve in a surgical team of laparoscopic hysterectomy. Determine the number of surgeries needed to achieve a surgical time 90 minutes average, a percentage of total complications less than 10% and a conversion to laparotomy rate to less than 5%. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this we have analyzed data collected prospectively, in 45 patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy or laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy, carried out by the same surgical team, and divided into 3 cohorts of 15 patients by temporal order of preparation; made July 2014 to October 2017, in the Department of Gynecology of the Hospital General Santa Maria del Puerto. RESULTS: We analized 45 procedures divided into 3 cohorts of 15 patients each according to the temporal order of performance. Thus, group 1 was that of the first 15 hysterectomies performed, group 2 from 16 to 30, and group 3 from 31 to 45; that is, the last 15 carried out. The complications and conversion rate to laparotomy was 13.3% in group 1; 6.7% in group 2, and 0% in group 3 (p = 0.343). The mean surgical time in group 1 was 164 minutes, in 2 of 101 minutes and in 3 of 90 minutes (p = 0.001). Among the different groups there were statistically significant progressive improvements in the loss of hemoglobin or hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a learning curve of 45 interventions is sufficient to deal with this type of surgery with safety standards.

Acretismo placentario con abordaje predictivo y preventivo de hemorragia obstétrica / Placental accreta with predictive and preventive approach to obstetric hemorrhage

Resumen OBJETIVO Exponer el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico indicado en el Hospital Universitario de Saltillo a pacientes con acretismo placentario. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y analítico efectuado en pacientes tratadas con enfoque predictivo y preventivo de hemorragia obstétrica atendidas entre los años 2015-2017. Se incluyeron todas las pacientes operadas con la técnica descrita. Se analizan las variables maternas y fetales posquirúrgicas que aportan información para evaluar los resultados obstétricos mediante medias y porcentajes. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 10 pacientes con media de edad de 31 años, 70% con antecedente de cesárea y 50% de legrado. El sangrado transquirúrgico tuvo una media de 1067 cc, con un tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 3.6 h, la media de transfusión de concentrados eritrocitarios fue de 2.3, el Apgar de los recién nacidos se reportó en ≥ 7, no se requirió reinternvención y no se encontraron casos de muerte materna. CONCLUSIONES Si bien el tamaño de la muestra es pequeño continuaremos recabando datos de lo sucedido con otras pacientes. Es indispensable estudiar más casos para tener evidencias de nuestra propuesta de tratamiento con pruebas aún más sólidas. También hace falta un seguimiento prolongado a las pacientes para conocer si hay o no complicaciones tardías.

Abstract OBJECTIVE Expose the medical and surgical treatment indicated in the University Hospital of Saltillo to patients with placental accreta. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, patients treated with a predictive and preventive approach of obstetric hemorrhage were studied in Hospital Universitario de Saltillo during 2015-2017. RESULTS 10 patients were included, with a mean age of 31 years, 70% had a history of cesarean section and 50% curettage. Transurgical bleeding averaged 1067 cc, an average surgical time of 3.6 hrs, average of transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates was 2.3, Apgar of newborns was reported ≥7, no surgical reoperation was required, no cases were found of maternal death. CONCLUSIONS Although the size of the sample is small, we will continue to collect data on what happened with other patients. It is essential to study more cases to have evidence of our treatment proposal with even more solid evidence. There is also a need for prolonged follow-up of patients to determine whether there are late complications or not.

Procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos para pacientes con síndrome febril luego de histerectomía total abdominal / Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of febrile syndrome in patients after total abdominal hysterectomy

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir las pruebas paraclínicas y los medicamentos indicados para revertir la fiebre en las pacientes que la tuvieron en las siguientes 48 horas posteriores a la histerectomía total abdominal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, descrip-tivo, abierto, no controlado consistente en la revisión de los expedientes de pacientes con histerectomía total abdominal. Se incluyeron pacientes programadas en la consulta externa sólo para histerectomía total abdominal con fiebre en las primeras 48 horas posintervención. De acuerdo con la distribución de cada variable se utilizaron estadís-tica paramétrica y no paramétrica, prueba de Wilcoxon y diferencia de proporciones. RESULTADOS: De 181 histerectomías practicadas, 34 pacientes tuvieron fiebre en las primeras 48 horas del posquirúrgico (19%). El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 116.7 ± 29.4 minutos y el sangrado de 498.5 ± 221.4 mL. Los leucocitos se incrementaron en 30% luego de la detección de fiebre con respecto a los valores prequirúrgicos; la hemoglobina disminuyó en 14%. El examen general de orina se reportó alterado en 29%. El primer pico febril alcanzó 38.6 ± 0.5 °C a las 32.8 ± 8.3 horas poscirugía con persistencia de 1.5 ± 0.9 días. El 44% de las pacientes recibió un antibiótico luego de la evidencia de fiebre de causa infecciosa; los más indicados fueron: nitrofurantoína y ciprofloxacina. CONCLUSIONES: Ante la evidencia del primer pico febril es importante efectuar dos pruebas de laboratorio: biometría hemática y examen general de orina y con base en los reportes decidir si es necesaria la prescripción o no de antibiótico.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the paraclinical tests and the medications indicated to revert the fever in the patients who had it in the following 48 hours after the total abdominal hysterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, open, uncontrolled study consisting of the review of the records of patients with total abdominal hysterectomy. Patients scheduled in the outpatient clinic were included only for total abdominal hysterectomy with fever in the first 48 hours post-intervention. According to the distribution of each variable, parametric and non-parametric statistics, Wilcoxon test and proportional differences were used. RESULTS: Of 181 hysterectomies performed, 34 patients had fever in the first 48 hours after surgery (19%). The surgical time was 116.7 ± 29.4 minutes and the bleeding were 498.5 ± 221.4 mL. The leukocytes were increased by 30% after the detection of fever with respect to the presurgical values; hemoglobin decreased by 14%. The general urine test was reported altered in 29%. The first febrile peak reached 38.6 ± 0.5 °C at 32.8 ± 8.3 hours after surgery with a persistence of 1.5 ± 0.9 days. 44% of patients received an antibiotic after evidence of infectious cause fever; the most indicated were: nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Given the evidence of the first febrile peak, it is important to perform two laboratory tests: blood count and urinalysis, and based on the reports, decide whether the prescription of antibiotics is necessary.

Comparação entre as abordagens lateral direita e mediana ventral em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingo-histerectomia / Comparison between the right lateral and ventral median approach in a bitch undergoing ovariosalpinghysterectomy

A fim de comparar as abordagens abdominais, pela linha mediana ventral e lateral direita em cadelas pré-púberes e adultas submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia, utilizaram-se 28 cadelas hígidas, distribuídas em dois grupos experimentais de igual número: grupo abordagem mediana ventral (AMV) e grupo abordagem lateral direita (ALD), com sete animais adultos e sete animais pré-púberes em cada grupo. O procedimento cirúrgico foi dividido em nove manobras cirúrgicas distintas, e o tempo para conclusão de cada uma delas, suas facilidades e dificuldades, assim como o tempo cirúrgico total, foram determinados. O tempo médio desde o início da incisão da pele até a entrada na cavidade peritoneal foi menor nas cadelas adultas (P≤0,001) e pré-púberes (P≤0,001) do grupo AMV, mas o tempo médio para identificação uterina foi menor nas cadelas pré-púberes (P≤0,001) do grupo ALD. O tempo cirúrgico total foi menor utilizando-se a abordagem lateral direita (grupo ALD) nas cadelas adultas (P≤0,001) e pré-púberes (P≤0,001). Seu uso não se relacionou com complicações cirúrgicas e facilitou a identificação uterina, possibilitando redução no tempo cirúrgico total. Assim, a abordagem lateral direita demonstrou ser uma alternativa segura em cadelas adultas e pré-púberes submetidas à OSH eletiva.

In order to compare the abdominal approaches, through the ventral midline and right lateral in pre-pubertal adult female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectory we used 28 otherwise healthy dogs, divided into two experimental groups of equal number: Ventral Median Approach Group (VMA) and Right Side Approach Group (RSA), with seven adult animals and seven pre-pubertal animals in each group. The surgical procedure was divided into nine different surgical maneuvers, and the time required for completion of each of them, their strengths and difficulties, as well as the total surgical time were determined. The time from the start of the skin incision to the entrance into the peritoneal cavity was lower in adult female dogs (P≤0.001) and pre-pubertal (P≤0.001) in the VAM group, but the time for uterine identification was lower in pre-pubertal female dogs (P≤ 0.001) in the RSA group. The total surgical time was shorter using the right lateral approach (RSA group) in adult (P≤ 0.001) and pre-pubertal (P≤0.001) female dogs. Thus, the right-side approach has proved to be a safe alternative in adult and pre-pubertal dogs undergoing elective OSH. Its use was not associated with surgical complications, and facilitated uterine identification, allowing a reduction in the total surgical time.

Moldes individualizados para alineación de la artroplastía primaria de rodilla / Individualized molds for alignment of primary knee arthroplasty

Introducción: Los sistemas de bloque de corte específicos (BCE) se han presentado como una interesante medida para obtener una correcta alineación en la artroplastía de rodilla, aunque se desconoce cuál de todos los métodos existentes para realizar la planificación es el adecuado. Material y métodos: Se ha diseñado un estudio prospectivo comparando dos sistemas de BCE con planificaciones diferentes (Signature con TAC + teleradiografia; Visionaire con RMN) con el sistema convencional de alineación. Se analizaron parámetros radiográficos, funcionales preoperatorios y postoperatorios, estancia hospitalaria, necesidad de transfusión, tiempo quirúrgico y complicaciones asociadas. Resultados: Un total de 10 pacientes fueron intervenidos por cada grupo. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos sistemas de alineamiento específicos y el sistema convencional (p > 0.05), aunque se objetivó una mayor precisión con estos sistemas, siendo discretamente superior en el sistema Signature. También se observó un menor tiempo quirúrgico en los pacientes intervenidos con los BCE, ligeramente inferior en los intervenidos con el sistema Visionaire (p > 0.05). Conclusiones: Los nuevos sistemas BCE pueden ser útiles para mejorar la alineación en la artroplastía de rodilla así como disminuir el tiempo quirúrgico. A la espera de series mayores que corroboren estos datos, los autores recomiendan estos sistemas en aquellos casos en los que los sistemas convencionales no sean adecuados.

Introduction: Patient-specific cutting blocks (PSCB) have been proposed as an interesting option to achieve appropriate alignment in knee arthroplasty. However, there is no information as to which of the available planning methods is the right one. Material and methods: A prospective study was designed to compare two PSCB systems using different planning methods (Signature with CAT scan + teleradiography; Visionaire with MRI) with the standard alignment method. Radiographic and functional pre- and postoperative parameters were analyzed, together with hospital stay, blood transfusion needs, operative time and associated complications. Results: A total of 10 patients per group were operated on. No statistically significant differences were observed between both of the patient-specific alignment systems and the standard system (p > 0.05). However, greater precision was achieved with the former systems and the Signature system was slightly more accurate. Operative time was shorter in patients in whom PSCBs were used, and it was still slightly shorter in those in whom the Visionaire system was used (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The new PSCB systems may be useful to improve alignment in knee arthroplasty and reduce the operative time. While larger case series confirming these data become available, the authors recommend using these systems in cases in which the standard systems do not work properly.

Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y los resultados perioperatorios y posoperatorios en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica total: Medellín (Colombia) 2002-2008 / The association between body mass index and perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy: Medellin, Colombia 2002-2008

Objetivos: evaluar la posible asociación entre el mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y los resultados peri y posoperatorios en pacientes a las que se les realizó histerectomía laparoscópica total (HLT). Metodología: cohorte histórica de pacientes a quienes se les practicó HLT en un período de 5 años en un centro de referencia para endoscopia ginecológica. Fueron incluidas todas las pacientes con HLT y con la información completa. Las pacientes fueron divididas en tres grupos según su masa corporal: IMC menor de 24,9 kg/m2, normal (n = 339); IMC entre 25-29,9 kg/m2, sobrepeso (n = 243) e IMC mayor de 30 kg/m2, obesidad (n = 94). Se compararon el tiempo quirúrgico, las complicaciones, la pérdida sanguínea, la necesidad de transfusión, la tasa de laparoconversión y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Los tres grupos se contrastaron por medio de la prueba ANOVA. Resultados: 676 pacientes cumplieron los requisitos para el estudio. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a la pérdida sanguínea, el tiempo quirúrgico, la estancia hospitalaria, la tasa de complicaciones o de laparoconversión. Conclusión: no se encontró asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y malos resultados peri y posoperatorios.

Objectives: evaluating the possible association between body mass index (BMI) and peri-and post-operative results in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Methodology: a historical cohort of patients was taken over a 5-year period; they had undergone TLH in a referral centre for gynaecological laparoscopy. All patients who had undergone TLH and about whom complete information was available were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to body mass as follows: BMI below 24.9 kg/m2: “normal” (n = 339), BMI 25 -29.9 kg/m2: “overweight” (n = 243) and BMI greater than 30 kg/m2: “obese” (n = 94). Surgical time, complications, blood loss, transfusion requirement, laparoconversion rate and length of hospital stay were compared. ANOVA was used for comparing the three groups. Results: 676 patients met the study requirements. No significant differences regarding blood loss, operating time, hospital stay, complication rate or laparoconversion were found. Conclusion: no association was found between BMI and poor results during peri-and postoperative periods.