Pharmacokinetics of single dose oral Terbinafine in common shelducks (Tadorna tadorna).

Fungal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in avian species; thus, antifungals are the treatment of choice. Despite widely used in clinical practice, terbinafine pharmacokinetic studies are scarce in literature and only cover some avian families, with marked differences between them. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic behaviour of terbinafine after a single oral administration of 60 mg/kg in 7 healthy adult common shelducks (Tadorna tadorna) by measuring plasma concentrations through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at times 0, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr postadministration. Noncompartmental analyses of the data showed a Cmax (geometric mean) of 5.43 µg/ml, tmax (median) 1.0 hr and AUC0-∞ 29.70 mg h/L. Elimination half-life was 6.33 hr and MRT 6.61 hr. Plasma concentrations remained above previously described MIC for terbinafine in some fungal species for at least 6 to 8 hr. A single oral administration of 60 mg/kg terbinafine did not produce adverse effects and could be a good treatment choice for fungal diseases in anatids.

Lead exposure in common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna): Tracking the success of the Pb shot ban for hunting in Spanish wetlands.

Levels of lead (Pb) were analyzed in tissues of 25 Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) from La Albufera Natural Park (NP) in Valencia (Eastern Spain), which were found dead due to a botulism outbreak. The objective was to assess Pb exposure in waterfowl, fourteen years after the implementation of the Real Decreto 581/2001, which banned the use of Pb ammunition for hunting activities in internationally relevant wetlands. For this purpose, this study measured the actual ingestion of lead pellets in Common shelduck from La Albufera de Valencia and provide data on Pb residue concentrations in different tissues of this species breeding in this NP. The Pb distribution pattern in tissues was bone > kidney > liver > brain > muscle, with Pb concentrations of 778.96 ±â€¯998.64, 122.40 ±â€¯89.18, 92.08 ±â€¯57.65, 18.90 ±â€¯16.30 and 15.13 ±â€¯11.85 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. This work presents, as far as we are aware, the first published data on Pb concentrations in Common shelduck. The Pb levels detected were lower than those reported in other studies on Anatid species from Spanish wetlands, which may be explained by this ban. Moreover, lead concentrations found were below those levels for which any observable effect has been described for acute or chronic lead exposure.

The complete mitochondrial genome of common Shelduck Shengjin Lake Tadorna tadorna.

The complete mtDNA of Shengjin Lake Tadorna tadorna 16622 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and one D-loop. Mitochondrial genes of the Shengjin Lake Tadorna tadorna was arranged in the same order and orientation as those of reported Tadorna tadorna. All the start codon of the protein-coding genes is ATG, TAA is the most frequent stop codon. The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes are located between the tRNALeu and tRNAPhe genes and separated by the tRNAVal gene. The control region, located between the tRNAGlu and tRNAPhe genes and is rich in A and T. Phylogenetic trees show Shengjin Lake Tadorna tadorna has close relative with Cairina moschata.