[The MOOC, a democratization of knowledge]. / Les Mooc, une démocratisation des savoirs.

How can the use of information and communication technologies for education improve learning and enrich knowledge? In what way and how can training systems such as the massive open online course contribute to the acquisition of new knowledge and the construction of professional skills? Within what limits? These questions are now being addressed to trainers and all healthcare professionals.

[Information and communication technology and health of the elderly]. / Technologies de l'information et de la communication et santé des seniors.

New technologies offer many advantages, especially in terms of animation in elderly care homes. Consoles and digital tablets used without any medical implication were the subject of a literature review on their impact on the health of the elderly..

[Respiratory telerehabilitation in cases of COPD]. / Mise au point sur la téléréadaptation respiratoire dans la BPCO.

Telerehabilitation brings together a set of rehabilitation practices applied remotely by means of information and communication technologies. Even though it has been taking on increasing importance in many health fields over 10 years, telerehabilitation had yet to find its place in pulmonary rehabilitation before 2020, when the pandemic situation impelled numerous teams to put it to work. Pilot studies on respiratory diseases, primarily COPD, along with recent data from randomized or non-randomized studies, have enhanced our understanding of "remote" practice. In this review of the literature, we will show that pulmonary telerehabilitation is feasible, safe and likely to yield short-term (and possibly longer term) effects generally similar to those achieved in the pulmonary rehabilitation programs of specialized centers, especially as regards some indicators of exercise tolerance, dyspnea or patient quality of life. However, the number of studies and patients included in these programs remains too limited in terms of modalities, duration, long-term effects, or adaptations in case of exacerbation to be the subject of recommendations. The potential of respiratory telerehabilitation justifies continuing clinical trials and experiments, which need to be coordinated with the interventions characterizing a conventional program.

Rendimiento académico y tecnología: evolución del debate en las últimas décadas / Rendimento acadêmico e tecnologia: evolução do debate nas últimas décadas / Academic achievement and technology: evolution of the debate in the last decades / Performance academique et technologie: l'evolution du debat au cours des dernieres decennies

Resumen La investigación educativa ha analizado posibles vínculos entre el uso de la tecnología y el rendimiento escolar desde la introducción de los ordenadores en las aulas. Este estudio presenta una revisión de la literatura, focalizando la manera en la que el uso y la introducción de la tecnología en las aulas han sido percibidos por la investigación educativa. A través de una discusión que se inicia en los años 70 y que llega hasta hoy, se examina la evolución de las inquietudes y enfoques de cada momento histórico, valorando la producción científica y los resultados más relevantes en la literatura. Finalmente, se examina el impacto de la tecnología educativa en la motivación e implicación del alumnado, para discutir el potencial de las herramientas digitales más allá del rendimiento académico.

Resumo A investigação educativa tem analisado possíveis ligações entre o uso da tecnologia e o rendimento escolar a partir da introdução dos computadores nas salas de aula. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma revisão da literatura, focando a forma em que o uso e a introdução da tecnologia nas salas de aula têm sido percebidos pela investigação educativa. Por meio de uma discussão iniciada nos anos 70 e que chega até os dias de hoje, examina-se a evolução das inquietações e abordagens de cada momento histórico, avaliando a produção científica e os resultados mais relevantes na literatura. Por fim, examina-se o impacto da tecnologia educativa na motivação e envolvimento dos alunos, a fim de discutir o potencial das ferramentas digitais para além do rendimento acadêmico.

Abstract Since the introduction of computers in schools, educational research has tried to analyze potential links between the use of technology and academic achievement. This study provides a review of the literature, focusing on how the use and implementation of technology have been perceived from the perspective of educational research. Through a discussion that spans from the 1970's to the present, we examine the main concerns and approaches in each historical period, thus providing an analysis of the scientific output and the most relevant results in the literature. Finally, the impact of educational technology on aspects such as student motivation and engagement is examined to discuss the potential of digital resources beyond academic achievement.

Résumé Dès le début de l'utilisation des ordinateurs dans les salles de cours, la recherche en éducation analyse les liens possibles entre l'usage de la technologie et la performance scolaire. Cette étude présente une révision de la littérature, en se concentrant sur la perception de la recherche en éducation de l'usage et de l'introduction de la technologie dans les salles de cours. Par moyen d'une discussion entamée dans les années 70 et qui subsiste jusqu'à présent on examine l'évolution des inquiétations et les approches de chaque moment historique, évaluant la production scientifique et les résultats plus importants dans la littérature. Finalement, on examine l'impact de la technologie éducative dans la motivation et engagement des élèves, dans le but de discuter le potentiel des outils numériques au-delà de la performance académique.

A autorregulação percebida como preditora da utilização de recursos no moodle / Perceived self-regulation as a predictor of resource use in moodle / Lautorégulation perçue como prédictrice de lutilisation de ressources moodle / Autorregulación percibida como predictor del uso de recursos en moodle

Resumo Autorregulação da aprendizagem implica refletir sobre a utilização de recursos educativos para gerir o que, quando, como, com quem e por que aprender. Este artigo pretendeu investigar a relação entre a perceção dos alunos sobre o planeamento, execução e autoavaliação da aprendizagem e a seleção de recursos e atividades do Moodle. Responderam ao Inventário de Recursos e Atividades em Ambientes Moodle e ao Inventário de Aprendizagem Autorregulada em Ambientes Moodle 438 alunos (7º ao 9º ano). Uma análise de regressão mostrou que a perceção dos alunos sobre o planeamento, execução e autoavaliação da aprendizagem prediz a seleção de recursos e atividades de disponibilização de informação e de realização de trabalho, mas não de colaboração/interação em todas as fases de regulação do trabalho.

Abstract Self-regulated learning involves reflecting on the use of educational resources to manage what, when, how, with whom, and why to learn. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between students' perceptions regarding the planning, execution and self-evaluation of learning and the selection of Moodle resources and activities. A total of 438 middle school students (grades 7-9) responded to the Inventory of Resources and Activities in Moodle Environments and to the Inventory of Self-regulated Learning in Moodle Environments. A regression analysis showed that the students' perception about the planning, execution and self-evaluation of learning predicted the selection of resources and activities pertaining to information availability and work accomplishment, but not to collaboration/interaction in all phases of work regulation.

Résumé L'autorégulation de l'apprentissage suppose une réflexion sur l'utilisation des ressources éducatives pour gérer quoi, quand, comment, avec qui et pourquoi apprendre. Cet article a pour objet le rapport entre la perception des élèves à propos de la planification, l'exécution et l'autoévaluation de l'apprentissage et la sélection de ressources et activités Moodle. Un total de 438 collégiens ont répondu à l'Inventaire de Ressources et Activités Moodle et à l'Inventaire de l'Apprentissage Autorégulé en Environnements Moodle. Une analyse de régression a montré que la perception des élèves concernant la planification, l'exécution et l'autoévaluation de l'apprentissage prédit la sélection de ressources et activités relatives à la disponibilité de l'information et à la réalisation du travail, mais non la collaboration/interaction dans toutes les phases de la régulation du travail.

Resumen La autorregulación implica reflexionar sobre la utilización de recursos educativos para hacer la gestión de qué, cuándo y cómo, con quién y por qué aprender. Este artículo pretendió investigar la relación entre la percepción de los alumnos sobre el planeamiento, la ejecución y la autoevaluación del aprendizaje, y la selección de recursos y de actividades del Moodle. Respondieron, al Inventario de Recursos y Actividades en Ambientes Moodle y al Inventario de Aprendizaje Autorregulado en Ambientes Moodle, 438 alumnos (7º al 9º años).Un análisis de regresión mostró que la percepción de los alumnos sobre el planeamiento, la ejecución y la autoevaluación del aprendizaje predice la selección de recursos y de actividades de poner a disposición informaciones y de realización del trabajo, pero no de colaboración/interacción en todas las fases de regulación del trabajo.

Tecnologias de informação e integração regional: desafios institucionais para a cooperação Sul-Americana na área de segurança / Information technologies and regional integration: institutional challenges for South American cooperation in the security area / Technologies de l'information et integration régionale: enjeux institutionnels pour la coopération Sud-Américaine dans le secteur de la sécurité

The present article analyzes the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the integration of the South American region, based on a study of regional security issues and cooperation between states. The study thus seeks to examine the scope of ICTs in building mutual trust between states and harmonization between maintenance of the domestic order and regional stability in a scenario marked by suspicion and political and institutional limitations. The argument is that the use of information technologies can contribute to the deepening of political processes, although in practice there is a lack of a coordinated strategy for South American countries to apply such technologies. The development of ICTs by UNASUL and the South American Defense Council thus emerges as an attempt to promote adequate alignment among initiatives for integration of South American countries and greater exchange of information to promote security and stability in the region.

Dans cet article, on examine le rôle des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) dans le processus d'intégration de la région sud-américaine, à partir de l'étude des problèmes de sécurité régionale et des processus de coopération entre États. On cherche ainsi à voir la portée des TIC dans la construction d'une confiance mutuelle entre les États et dans la syntonie entre le maintien de l'ordre domestique et la stabilité régionale dans un décor marqué par la méfiance et par des restrictions politiques et institutionnelles. On montre que l'usage des TIC peut contribuer à renforcer les processus politiques de la région, bien que, pratiquement, il n'existe pas de stratégie coordonnée pour l'application de ces technologies par les pays d'Amérique du Sud. Le développement des TIC promu par l' UNASUL et par le Conseil de Défense Sud-Américain (CDS) semble donc un effort de promouvoir une adéquation entre les initiatives d'intégration observées entre les pays sud-américains et de plus grands échanges d'information en vue de la sécurité et de la stabilité pour la région.