RESUMO
Cancer cachexia affects most patients with advanced forms of cancers. It is mainly characterized by weight loss, due to muscle and adipose mass depletion. As cachexia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, identifying the underlying mechanisms leading to cachexia is essential in order to design novel therapeutic strategies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major intracellular signalling intermediary that participates in cell growth by upregulating anabolic processes such as protein and lipid synthesis. Accordingly, emerging evidence suggests that mTOR and mTOR inhibitors influence cancer cachexia. Here, we review the role of mTOR in cellular processes involved in cancer cachexia and highlight the studies supporting the contribution of mTOR in cancer cachexia.
Assuntos
Caquexia/etiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Animais , Caquexia/metabolismo , Caquexia/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
In recent years, the concept of nutrition in patients with tumour diseases has been changing very significantly. The article discusses the pathogenesis of tumour cachexia and sarcopenia, which have been intensively studied, particularly in the last ten years. The possibilities and modern approaches in nutritional support in oncology are reviewed with a special emphasis on the group of elderly patients. Also, a detailed list of the most frequently used pharmaconutrients in oncology is presented. The recommendations for nutritional care of elderly oncological patients are given and discussed.