Adrenal cysts of lymphatic origin: A clinical and pathological study of six cases and systematic literature review.

Adrenal cysts are rare, benign, and usually asymptomatic, being detected as an incidental finding on imaging methods. Adrenal Cysts of Lymphatic Origin (ACLO) and Adrenal Lymphangiomas (AL) are types of endothelial cyst and are the most prevalent subtype in this series. This study aims to present a single institutional experience of these rare cysts and compare their features with those found in the review of existing literature on ACLO and AL. Overall, thirteen cases of adrenal cysts were diagnosed and surgically excised during the study period, onto which we performed immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies (CD31, CD34, Pan Cytokeratin AE-1/AE-3, Factor VII, D2-40, and ERG). Four cases of ACLO and two AL were found. The lesions predominantly affected right adrenal, and the majority of patients were middle-age females, of Caucasian ethnicity, and asymptomatic. In our literature review, we found 108 cases of ACLO/AL from 57 articles with similar sex and age distribution. The diagnosis and subclassification of adrenal cysts are challenging, and there is a significant overlapping between the definition of ACLO and AL.

A case of adrenal lymphangioma successfully treated with laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy.

Introduction: Adrenal lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of lymphatic origin, usually incidentally detected from various imaging studies taken for an unrelated purpose. We present a case of a right adrenal lymphangioma treated successfully with surgical intervention. Case presentation: A 36-year-old previously healthy woman was referred to our urology department for a right adrenal mass, discovered during a routine health checkup. The tumor had no endocrinological activity, and the patient opted for surgical resection following a concern for malignancy. A laparoscopic right partial adrenalectomy was performed, and on histological examination, the tumor was diagnosed as right adrenal lymphangioma. Conclusion: Adrenal lymphangiomas lack disease specific radiological characteristics that allow for a definitive diagnosis from imaging alone. To rule out tumors of potentially malignant nature, surgical intervention should be considered.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of adrenal lymphangioma treated by laparoscopy via a retroperitoneal approach: experience and analysis of 7 cases.

To describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of adrenal lymphangioma (AL) and share our experiences of the treatment of AL with retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. All patients pathologically diagnosed with AL were examined. The clinical and pathological characteristics, process of diagnosis, and preparation and treatment of all patients, especially patients treated with laparoscopic surgery, were summarized and retrospectively analyzed. From January 2008 to May 2014, 8 patients underwent adrenalectomies and were diagnosed with AL in our hospital. The median age was 45.5 years. All of these patients experienced a smooth adrenalectomy: 7 performed by laparoscopy via a retroperitoneal approach and 1 performed by open surgery. Five were female and the other 3 were male. These patients had unilateral adrenal lesions. Four were located on the right which to be same as the contralateral. In addition, 1 specimen was assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which revealed positive results for CD31, CD34, Factor VIII-related antigen and D2-40, and negative results for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. During a brief follow up, all patients exhibited favorable results without discomfort. AL is a benign lesion with mild bio-behavior and patients are generally asymptomatic. The use of computerized tomography (CT) combined with enhanced CT has a superior advantage in diagnosis. Laparoscopic adrenalectomies that are performed via a retroperitoneal approach would be a very safe and efficient choice for AL treatment. D2-40 can be considered as a specific IHC marker in the pathological diagnosis of AL. However, pheochromocytoma and adrenal tuberculosis should be ruled out before and during the operation.