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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 26(6): 1311-1314, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32441622

RESUMO

We detected Leishmania infantum infection in 45% of tigers and 5.3% of sand flies tested at a zoo in southern Italy in 2019. These infections in tigers and the abundance of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies represent a potential risk to other animals and humans living in or visiting the zoo.


Assuntos
Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose Visceral , Leishmaniose , Psychodidae , Tigres , Animais , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária
2.
Parasit Vectors ; 10(1): 368, 2017 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28764772

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: An unusual increase of human leishmaniasis cases due to Leishmania infantum is occurring in an urban area of southwestern Madrid, Spain, since 2010. Entomological surveys have shown that Phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. Direct xenodiagnosis in hares (Lepus granatensis) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in the focus area proved that they can transmit parasites to colonized P. perniciosus. Isolates were characterized as L. infantum. The aim of the present work was to conduct a comprehensive study of sand flies in the outbreak area, with special emphasis on P. perniciosus. METHODS: Entomological surveys were done from June to October 2012-2014 in 4 stations located close to the affected area. Twenty sticky traps (ST) and two CDC light traps (LT) were monthly placed during two consecutive days in every station. LT were replaced every morning. Sand fly infection rates were determined by dissecting females collected with LT. Molecular procedures applied to study blood meal preferences and to detect L. infantum were performed for a better understanding of the epidemiology of the outbreak. RESULTS: A total of 45,127 specimens belonging to 4 sand fly species were collected: P. perniciosus (75.34%), Sergentomyia minuta (24.65%), Phlebotomus sergenti (0.005%) and Phlebotomus papatasi (0.005%). No Phlebotomus ariasi were captured. From 3203 P. perniciosus female dissected, 117 were infected with flagellates (3.7%). Furthermore, 13.31% and 7.78% of blood-fed and unfed female sand flies, respectively, were found infected with L. infantum by PCR. The highest rates of infected P. perniciosus were detected at the end of the transmission periods. Regarding to blood meal preferences, hares and rabbits were preferred, although human, cat and dog blood were also found. CONCLUSIONS: This entomological study highlights the exceptional nature of the Leishmania outbreak occurring in southwestern Madrid, Spain. It is confirmed that P. perniciosus is the only vector in the affected area, with high densities and infection rates. Rabbits and hares were the main blood meal sources of this species. These results reinforce the need for an extensive and permanent surveillance in this region, and others of similar characteristics, in order to control the vector and regulate the populations of wild reservoirs.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Phlebotomus/parasitologia , Animais , Sangue , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Lebres/parasitologia , Humanos , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/transmissão , Coelhos/parasitologia , Estações do Ano , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Xenodiagnóstico
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(4): 481-487, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-678284

RESUMO

The Algarve Region (AR) in southern Portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum since the 1980s. In the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of Leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. Four sandfly species were captured: Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus ariasi, Phlebotomus sergenti and Sergentomyia minuta. In one P. perniciosus female, L. infantum DNA was detected. Blood meal tests showed that this species had no host preferences and was an opportunistic feeder. An overall canine leishmaniasis (CanL) seroprevalence of 16.06% was found; the seroprevalence was 3.88% in dogs housed in kennels and 40.63% in dogs that attended veterinary clinics. The simultaneous occurrence of dogs and P. perniciosus infected with L. infantum in the AR indicates that the region continues to be an endemic area for CanL. Our results reinforce the need for the systematic spatial distribution of phlebotomine populations and their Leishmania infection rates and the need to simultaneously perform pathogen monitoring in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts to investigate the transmission, distribution and spreading of Leishmania infection.


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Feminino , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/transmissão , Portugal/epidemiologia , Psychodidae/classificação , Psychodidae/parasitologia
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