Social anhedonia, communication, and marital satisfaction in newlywed couples.

OBJECTIVE: Social anhedonia is associated with disinterest in social interactions and poor relationship functioning, yet little is known about the specific mechanisms underlying associations between social anhedonia and romantic relationship behaviors and satisfaction. We examined the links between social anhedonia, perceptions of conflict communication patterns, and marital satisfaction. METHOD: The current research examined the role of social anhedonia on marital quality and functioning longitudinally across a year in a sample of 100 newlywed couples using an actor-partner interdependence framework. RESULTS: Social anhedonia was negatively associated with own and partner's marital satisfaction. It was also negatively associated with constructive communication and positively associated with destructive communication. Furthermore, cross-sectional mediation analyses showed that communication patterns mediated the social anhedonia-satisfaction link. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings suggest that social anhedonia is likely to lead to lower marital satisfaction, partly through its effect on communication between partners.

A Qualitative Study in Family Units on Organ Donation: Attitude, Influencing Factors and Communication Patterns.

This study aimed to analyze the attitude, influencing factors and communication patterns of organ donation in Chinses families. We conducted in-depth interviews with 97 participants from 26 families in China from August 2018 to October 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed by the researchers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data and Nvivo 12 was used to catalog coded data. Thirty-eight participants indicated that they would like to be a donor while the majority were unlikely to donate. Among those who were willing to donate, some disagreed with family members to donate organs. Themes found included attitude, the timing of thinking, taboo and fear, traditional beliefs, ethics and family communication patterns. Lack of knowledge, fear, taboo, some traditional beliefs and mistrust may discourage donation. Altruism and policy which is good for the family seem to encourage donation. We also constructed three family communication patterns to provide a deeper understanding of the family in China. This is the first qualitative study that analyzed attitude, influencing factors and communication patterns based on family units in China mainland. Our findings showed that family comes first in Chinese. We suggest that family-based consent and incentives are more suitable for the Chinese social context.

Meta-synthesis of family communication patterns during post-stroke vascular aphasia: Evidence to guide practice.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have predominantly focused on the needs of persons with aphasia (PWA), after a stroke diagnosis. However, aphasia is found to cause communication challenges in persons with stroke and their family caregivers as a unit. Evidence is inconclusive about the communication patterns of both persons with aphasia and their family caregivers after a stroke. Studies have not been synthesized on facilitators and barriers of communication patterns between PWA and family caregivers after a stroke. AIMS: A meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence was conducted to explore family communication patterns after post-stroke vascular aphasia. METHODS: An electronic literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsyINFO, and Scopus was performed from January to March 2021. The methods of qualitative meta-synthesis were underpinned by Sandelowski and Barosso's guidelines. Data analysis was facilitated by Braun and Clarke thematic analysis, using NVivo 11 software. RESULTS: A total of twenty studies were included for meta-synthesis. Three themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) changes in family communication patterns (subthemes: adapting to the changes in PWA after a stroke, striving toward communication recovery); (2) facilitators of family communication patterns (subthemes: supportive communication techniques, hope of recovery, time to re-adjust, and community engagement [recreational activities]); and (3) barriers of communication (subthemes: emotional turmoil and daunting tasks of rehabilitation). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Although persons with aphasia and family caregivers are striving to achieve normalcy in communication, they are often challenged by communication deficits and protective family behaviors. Therefore, to establish effective communication, it is of paramount importance for nursing professionals to educate PWAs and their caregivers on facilitators and barriers of family communication patterns. Technology-based family communication facilitation and support groups for PWA and their family caregivers are recommended to promote family communication. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021235519).

Parents' Anticipated Discussions About Death With Young Children.

Guided by family communication patterns theory and terror management theory this mixed-methods investigation explored how parents (N = 112) of young children (ages 3-6) described the way they would discuss death when it comes up in conversations. Responses were coded inductively, resulting in four themes: explanations that death is inevitable, explanations that death is in the distance, the use of religion to frame discussions of death, and finally, discussing afterlife connections to deceased family members. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether parents' conformity or conversation orientations were associated with the frequency with which parents discussed death with their child and the content of parent vignette responses. Quantitative analysis revealed parents' conversation orientations were associated with the frequency with which they discussed death with their child and conformity orientations were associated with parents' use of religion and discussing afterlife connections to deceased family members in their responses.

What Can Twitter Tell Us about Skin Cancer Communication and Prevention on Social Media?

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer places a substantial burden on the health system in Australia. The modernisation of skin cancer prevention interventions by using social media may enhance their contemporary reach and relevance, especially among the youth. This study aimed to analyse Twitter posts in Australia to establish a baseline of skin cancer and sun-related communication trends. METHODS: Tweets posted over the summer of 2018/2019 relating to relevant keywords and hashtags such as "slipslopslap" and "sunscreen" were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The number of tweets, related communication patterns, and possible factors for sudden changes in tweet volume were studied. RESULTS: Results showed that Australians are using Twitter to communicate about their sun-related and skin cancer experiences and to share advice and information on this matter. Overall, Australians use Twitter more frequently to talk about sunscreen (number of tweets between December 2018 and February 2019 = 5,842) and/or skin cancer (n = 3,936), but not so often to communicate about other sun-protective behaviours (n = 1,972) or skin cancer prevention campaigns (n = 108). The number of tweets is greatly affected by the increase in temperature. Celebrities, non-health-related organisations with a high number of followers, and individuals sharing their own skin cancer experiences achieve a substantial number of likes and retweets and thus influence on Twitter regarding skin cancer-related communication. CONCLUSIONS: The results allow deeper understanding of important determinants for effective social media use for health promotion and public health messaging in the future. Linking tweets with temperature, sharing by celebrities or non-health-related organisations and individuals with a high following can all contribute to greater spread of skin cancer and sun-related messages.

Outpatient communication patterns in a cancer hospital in China: A qualitative study of doctor-patient encounters.

OBJECTIVE: The paper characterizes outpatient communication in a major cancer hospital in southern China with regard to the structure, style and focus of doctor-patient communication. METHOD: Fifty-one encounters between doctors and patients were recorded in the outpatient department of the cancer hospital and analysed inductively to identify patterns of doctor-patient outpatient communication. RESULTS: Outpatient communication in the cancer hospital is characterized by structuralized conversation, doctor domination of the conversation and a focus on technology during communication. These characteristics suggest an extreme inequality of power between Chinese doctors and patients at the individual level. They are also shaped by the institutional environment of Chinese hospitals. DISCUSSION: Measures should be taken at both the interpersonal and institutional level to improve doctor-patient communication. At the micro-interpersonal level, public education and professional skills training are needed to improve communication and promote mutual understanding between patients and doctors. At the macro-institutional level, changes are needed in terms of transforming the structural factors that shape doctor-patient communication. CONCLUSIONS: Structuralized conversation, doctor domination of the conversation and a focus on technology during outpatient encounters present challenges to effective doctor-patient communication. These patterns are shaped by the institutional environment of Chinese hospitals and suggest the extreme power imbalance between Chinese doctors and patients.

Are changes in children's communication patterns predictive of treatment outcomes for children with anxiety?

Anxiety is the most prevalent childhood psychopathology. Cognitive behavioural therapy is considered the most effective treatment, but outcomes remain variable. This study investigated children's communication patterns in child-therapist conversations and whether changes in these patterns, from rigid to more flexible, were associated with better treatment outcomes. Fifty-three children (31% boys), with a mean age in years of M = 9.68 (SD = 1.85), completed a 12-week cognitive behavioural therapy program. Maternal as well as children's reports of children's anxiety were assessed pretreatment and posttreatment. Additionally, 15-min segments of two therapy sessions were audiotaped and children's conversational turns were coded for properties of response and initiative. The structure of children's communication patterns was further quantified using recurrence quantification analysis. As expected children entering treatment were characterised by rigid and inhibited conversational behaviour. Children who became less repetitive and deterministic over time had better maternal-rated treatment outcomes. These findings did not generalize to child reports. Last, the hypothesis that the positive relation between the breaking of rigid communication patterns and treatment outcome would be mediated by increases in proactive conversational behaviours of the child was only partly supported. These study findings contribute to the emergent literature on processes of change in childhood anxiety treatment by providing initial support for the hypothesis that breaking rigid (communication) patterns may be a prerequisite of clinical change.

Older Adults and Their Families: An Interactional Intervention That Brings Forth Love and Softens Suffering.

When assisting older adults and their families, the most useful family nursing conceptual skill is embracing the belief that "illness is a family affair." This illness belief summons a systemic or interactional focus specifically on relationship communication patterns. Uncovering maladaptive and distressing familial interactions, a family nurse can intervene and offer ideas for more loving and caring interactional patterns. Three brief and one detailed clinical case example, illustrating how to conceptualize interactional patterns and how to intervene, are offered. This article also presents the author's firsthand caregiving experience with its accompanying joys and pitfalls. Despite her decades of clinical practice and professional assistance to numerous elderly families, the caregiving and interactions with her father held no guarantee of being filled with consistent care and love. Although not easily applicable to one's own family, focusing on the interrelationships with the elderly and their families, the embedded interactional patterns become the crucial ingredient to facilitate more satisfying and loving relationships.

Individual versus collective cognition in social insects.

The concerted responses of eusocial insects to environmental stimuli are often referred to as collective cognition at the level of the colony. To achieve collective cognition, a group can draw on two different sources: individual cognition and the connectivity between individuals. Computation in neural networks, for example, is attributed more to sophisticated communication schemes than to the complexity of individual neurons. The case of social insects, however, can be expected to differ. This is because individual insects are cognitively capable units that are often able to process information that is directly relevant at the level of the colony. Furthermore, involved communication patterns seem difficult to implement in a group of insects as they lack a clear network structure. This review discusses links between the cognition of an individual insect and that of the colony. We provide examples for collective cognition whose sources span the full spectrum between amplification of individual insect cognition and emergent group-level processes.

It Takes Two: Sexual Communication Patterns and the Sexual and Relational Adjustment of Couples Coping With Provoked Vestibulodynia.

INTRODUCTION: Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a prevalent vulvovaginal pain condition that is associated with sexual and relational consequences for women and their partners. Greater perceived quality of sexual communication has been associated with women's lower pain during intercourse and with couples' better sexual and relational well-being. Whether couples' collaborative (eg, expressing feelings or problem solving) and negative (eg, withdrawing or criticizing) sexual communication patterns (SCPs) are differentially associated with couples' adjustment to PVD is unknown. AIM: To examine associations between collaborative and negative SCPs and women's pain and the sexual and relationship adjustment of women with PVD and their partners. METHODS: Women diagnosed with PVD (N = 87) and their partners completed the Sexual Communication Patterns Questionnaire and measurements of pain (women only), sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, and relationship satisfaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Numerical rating scale of pain during intercourse, (ii) Female Sexual Function Index and International Index of Erectile Function, (iii) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, (iv) Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, and (v) Couple Satisfaction Index. RESULTS: When women reported greater collaborative SCP, they also reported higher sexual and relationship satisfaction. When women reported greater negative SCP, they reported less relationship satisfaction and had partners who reported greater sexual distress. When partners reported greater collaborative SCP, they also reported higher relationship satisfaction and had female partners who were less sexually distressed. When partners reported higher negative SCP, they also reported less relationship satisfaction. There were no associations between SCP and women's or partners' sexual functioning or women's pain. CONCLUSION: Collaborative SCP may benefit couples' sexual and relational well-being, whereas negative SCP may impede sexual and relational adjustment to PVD. Findings provide preliminary support for the need to assess and target collaborative and negative SCPs in psychological interventions for couples affected by PVD. Rancourt KM, Flynn M, Bergeron S, Rosen NO. It Takes Two: Sexual Communication Patterns and the Sexual and Relational Adjustment of Couples Coping With Provoked Vestibulodynia. J Sex Med 2017;14:434-443.

Caregiver Expressed Emotion and Psychiatric Symptoms in African-Americans with Schizophrenia: An Attempt to Understand the Paradoxical Relationship.

Expressed emotion (EE) is a family environmental construct that assesses how much criticism, hostility, and/or emotional over-involvement a family member expresses about a patient (Hooley, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2007, 3, 329). Having high levels of EE within the family environment has generally been associated with poorer patient outcomes for schizophrenia and a range of other disorders. Paradoxically, for African-American patients, high-EE may be associated with a better symptom course (Rosenfarb, Bellack, & Aziz, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2006, 115, 112). However, this finding is in need of additional support and, if confirmed, clarification. In line with previous research, using a sample of 30 patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers, we hypothesized that having a caregiver classified as low-EE would be associated with greater patient symptom severity. We also aimed to better understand why this pattern may exist by examining the content of interviews taken from the Five-Minute Speech Sample. Results supported study hypotheses. In line with Rosenfarb et al. (2006), having a low-EE caregiver was associated with greater symptom severity in African-American patients. A content analysis uncovered some interesting patterns that may help elucidate this finding. Results of this study suggest that attempts to lower high-EE in African Americans may, in fact, be counterproductive.

[A study of the 'effective' psychotherapist image and expectations about psychotherapy among the employees of hazardous occupations (policemen)]. / Issledovanie obraza 'éffektivnogo' psikhoterapevta i ozhidanii ot psikhoterapii u lits opasnykh professii (na primere politseiskikh).

BACKGRAUND: The objective of the present study was to estimate the expectations about psychotherapy in terms of social and medical rehabilitation among the employees of hazardous occupations suffering from the consequences of a psychological trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 subjects employed by various departments of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) were recruited to participate in the study. Their age varied from 19 to 35 (mean 25.8±3.6) years. The mean age of the 56 men and the 44 women was 25.8±3.7 years and 25.9±3.5 years respectively. The methods of research included a questionnaire study for the elucidation of psychotherapeutic expectations and psychotherapeutic experience, the diagnostic test for the assessment of the interpersonal relationships, and the NEO five-factor personality inventory (NEO-FFI). RESULTS: The results of the questionnaire studies designed to obtain the profile of expectations about psychotherapy among the entire sample suggested the positive attitude of the responders toward the therapeutic interventions with no significant preferences given to their specific type providing that they proved efficient. However, the averaged estimates for the subscales that implied self-exploration (e.g. inward orientation and catharsis) for the general sample proved somewhat lower than those for such subscales as outward orientation including advice, defensiveness, support, the development and practicing of concrete specific skills and techniques needed to facilitate dealing with particular problems and symptoms. Generally speaking, the participants of the present study positively evaluated the effectiveness of psychological aid designed to resolve the problems associated with psychic traumatization based on the relevant personal experience dictating the necessity to avoid factors and situations either reminiscent of those that had resulted in the psychotraumatic event or symbolizing it. Moreover, the patients exhibiting the signs of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) suffere a number of abnormal changes in the cognitive and emotional spheres in the combination with enhanced physiological responsiveness. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study give evidence of the importance of taking into consideration the expectations of the patients suffering from the consequences of a psychological trauma as regards the results of psychotherapy as well as the mode of their personal interactions with the attending physicians which in its turn depend on the specific dynamics features of the disease and its overall clinical picture. In order to maintain a 'working alliance' between the patient of the given group and the psychotherapist, the latter should follow a certain pattern of interpersonal relationships with the patient which can be described by octants 2, 4-7 of the Interpersonal Relationship Diagnostics questionnaire. Also, the results obtained in the study can be used for the elaboration and implementation of the comprehensive psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative programs within the framework of health resort-based treatment programs for the employees of hazardous occupations who experience problems arising from the consequences of psychic trauma.

Patient communication pattern scale: psychometric characteristics.

BACKGROUND: In western societies, a shared decision-making model for doctor-patient relationships calling for open and collaborative communication is recommended. Research focuses mainly on the doctor's communication patterns, while research on patient communication patterns is rare. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for evaluating patient's communication patterns - the Patient Communication Pattern Scale (PCPS). METHODS: Interviews based on structured questionnaires were conducted with 251 cancer patients. In addition to the 14-item PCPS, the questionnaire included questions regarding education, religiosity and desirability of control in general and over one's own health in particular, for validating the scale. RESULTS: The PCPS was found to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating patients' communication patterns. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the PCPS designed structure of five facets: (1) Information, (2) Clarification, (3) Initiation, (4) Preferences and (5) Emotions. CONCLUSION: The PCPS is a reliable scale for evaluating patient communication patterns. The use of this scale can assist in promoting related research and in developing interventions for enhancing open and collaborative doctor-patient communication.

Utilizing communication strategies to enhance reflective learning in Ethiopian EFL classrooms.

Various studies have extensively examined classroom communication patterns in active language learning classrooms at higher education levels. However, research in the Ethiopian context is limited. While these studies contribute significantly to the field, they neglect to explore classroom communication patterns in reflective classroom practices. This study aimed to evaluate the communication patterns used by English as foreign language instructors in facilitating reflective learning within the Communicative English Language Skill Course at Hawassa University. Guided by constructivist theory, the research adopted a descriptive qualitative case study design within the interpretative paradigm. Ten certified Higher Diploma Program instructors teaching the course were purposefully selected for data collection through classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. Both datasets were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. The findings revealed three communication patterns: instructorto-student, student-to-student, and student-to-instructor. The instructor-to-student pattern was the most commonly observed across all classes, characterized by instructors posing questions and students engaging in individual and collective reflection. However, the student-to-student pattern was rarely observed, particularly during group activities, and students often struggled to express their views due to time constraints. Additionally, there was limited communication between students and instructors, even when students had the opportunity to ask questions or give feedback. Despite instructors' efforts to establish rapport with students, reflective learning was not adequately facilitated through student-to-student and student-to-instructor communications. In conclusion, communication patterns in fostering reflective learning faced limitations, primarily due to insufficient opportunities for student reflection and inadequate time allocation for the reflection process, impacting its effectiveness.

Generating detailed intercellular communication patterns in psoriasis at the single-cell level using social networking, pattern recognition, and manifold learning methods to optimize treatment strategies.

Psoriasis, a complex and recurrent chronic inflammatory skin disease involving various inflammatory cell types, requires effective cell communication to maintain the homeostatic balance of inflammation. However, patterns of communication at the single-cell level have not been systematically investigated. In this study, we employed social network analysis tools, pattern recognition, and manifold learning to compare molecular communication features between psoriasis cells and normal skin cells. Utilizing a process that facilitates the discovery of cell type-specific regulons, we analyzed internal regulatory networks among different cells in psoriasis. Advanced techniques for the quantitative detection of non-targeted proteins in pathological tissue sections were employed to demonstrate protein expression. Our findings revealed a synergistic interplay among the communication signals of immune cells in psoriasis. B-cells were activated, while Langerhans cells shifted into the primary signaling output mode to fulfill antigen presentation, mediating T-cell immunity. In contrast to normal skin cells, psoriasis cells shut down numerous signaling pathways, influencing the balance of skin cell renewal and differentiation. Additionally, we identified a significant number of active cell type-specific regulons of resident immune cells around the hair follicle. This study unveiled the molecular communication features of the hair follicle cell-psoriasis axis, showcasing its potential for therapeutic targeting at the single-cell level. By elucidating the pattern of immune cell communication in psoriasis and identifying new molecular features of the hair follicle cell-psoriasis axis, our findings present innovative strategies for drug targeting to enhance psoriasis treatment.

Relationship between stigma and infertility-related stress among couples undergoing AID: The mediating role of communication patterns.

Infertility can be stressful for infertile couples. This study aims to examine the intra-dyadic associations between stigma, communication patterns, and infertility-related stress in couples undergoing artificial insemination by donor semen (AID). This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021. Two hundred and three couples undergoing AID were recruited from a reproductive centre in China. All of the couples completed a two-item stigma questionnaire, Communication Pattern Questionnaire, and Fertility Problem Inventory. The actor-partner interdependence mediation analysis was performed using AMOS 23.0. The analysis demonstrated significant actor-actor effects for couples undergoing AID. More specifically, higher levels of stigma among wives and husbands were associated with more negative communication patterns, thereby increasing their own infertility-related stress. Simultaneously, there was a significant partner-actor effect among infertile wives, demonstrating that the husband's stigma can affect his wife's infertility-related stress by influencing her communication patterns. Couples undergoing AID experience increased infertility-related stress when they have high levels of stigma and negative communication patterns, and husbands' stigma is correlated to wives' communication patterns. Therefore, dyadic interventions aiming to improving stigma and enhancing positive communication may be conducive to reducing infertility-related stress.

Entropy for team communication pattern recognition.

This work aims to demonstrate entropy as a method that can be used to analyze team coordination using naturalistic team communication content. Much of team coordination happens through communication; understanding team communication is vital to better formulate and train teams for successful performance outcomes. Several decades of team communication research have led to various methods for analyzing team communication patterns. Many existing methods for team communication analysis have not been tested with naturalistic communication or only consider the frequency or flow of communication. Sliding-window entropy is used to analyze team coordination dynamics with team communication as a proxy. The resulting time series are evaluated using nonlinear dynamical systems analysis and clustering. Various team coordination patterns are identified using communication entropy at the team level. Entropy can be used to identify team communication patterns and their relation to team performance. While team coordination happens at the team level, a posteriori analysis indicates members' individual characteristics affect the overall team coordination patterns. In teams where the contribution is unequal, some members disproportionately affect the overall team coordination, which may undermine the team impact and affect team performance.

Communication Patterns of Muslim Communities' After Involvement in the Pela Gandong Ritual in Moluccas Immanuel Church, Indonesia.

In this article, the authors discuss the contribution of the target article (Sulaeman et al., Contemporary Islam, 16(2), 225-257, 2022) and further studies on the communication patterns of Muslim communities after involvement in the pela gandong ritual. The target article qualitatively explores identity transformation, employing the theories of ritual processes and civic pluralism. The authors found differences in the meaning and treatment of communication acceptance after involvement with the surrounding environment. After involvement, the authors are interested in conducting a study of the communication patterns of the Muslim community and with other involved and uninvolved individuals, such as family, friends in the village and outside the village, and fellow members of the pela gandong ritual. Detailed exploration is needed to clarify the after-effects of involvement. The authors found that communication patterns related to forms of communication through verbal and nonverbal communication were classified into six categories: (1) spiritual communication, (2) family communication, (3) community communication, (4) cross-religious communication, (5) religious organization communication, and (6) government communication. The authors argue that the Muslim community faces psychological disorders of intrapersonal and interpersonal communication after involvement. This study contributes to the acceptance of different religious contexts, and there is no difference in the social context daily with the application of religious values and local traditions. Strengthening acceptance of treatment is very important for overcoming disharmony that reflects human values such as self-identity. This contribution is very important in the digital era to influence cross-religion by building kinship bonds of social identity.

The Relationship of Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction and Family Communication Patterns, with Behavioral Problems in Secondary School Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Self-Regulation.

Background: New technologies offer endless possibilities for students and schools, but as the use of smartphones increases, psychological and behavioral problems may also increase. Objective: To investigate the relationship of mobile-based social network addiction and family communication patterns on the one hand, and behavioral problems in students on the other, with a focus on the mediating role of emotional self-regulation. Design: This study used a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design. The participants were 384 students (female/male: 226/168; mean age: 16 ± 1.98) in secondary high schools in Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. The students were selected using convenience sampling. The data were collected online using the Revised Family Communication Pattern Scale (1994), Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (2016), Child Behavior Checklist - Adolescent Version (2001), and the Affective Style Questionnaire (2010). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS-25 and AMOS-24 statistical software. Results: The study showed that emotional self-regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between mobile-based social network addiction and internalized and externalized behavioral problems (P ≤ .05). The indirect effect of conversation orientation on internalized and externalized behavioral problems mediated by emotional self-regulation was not significant, but the indirect effect of conformity orientation on internalized and externalized behavioral problems with the mediation of emotional self-regulation was significant (P ≤ .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is suggested that school officials and parents should develop emotional self-regulation and communication skills in students and parenting skills in their parents to prevent and reduce potential harm such as internet addiction and behavioral problems in students.

The association between the romantic relationships of parents and offspring depressive symptoms: Mediating effects of offspring communication patterns and romantic relationships.

This study investigated a conceptual model by testing how parental romantic relationships influenced the depressive symptoms of grown-up children and whether the constructive communication patterns of grown-up children and romantic relationships played mediation effects within it. A total of 421 Chinese participants were enrolled in the study. The level of depressive symptoms, romantic relationship satisfaction and closeness, couple communication patterns, and parental romantic relationships were measured via self-report questionnaires. According to the results, the structural equation modeling analysis verified that the severity of participants' depressive symptoms was negatively associated with the parental romantic relationship and that the association was mediated by participants' constructive communication patterns and their own romantic relationships. Furthermore, compared with nondepressed participants, depressed participants were less satisfied with their parental romantic relationships, exhibited fewer constructive communication patterns, and were more distant and unsatisfied with current romantic relationships.