[Effects of front-of-package nutritional labeling of food and beverages: synopsis of systematic reviewsEfeitos da rotulagem nutricional frontal de alimentos e bebidas: sumário de estudos de revisão sistemática]. / Efectos del etiquetado nutricional frontal de alimentos y bebidas: sinopsis de revisiones sistemáticas.

OBJECTIVES: Synthesize available information on the effects of front-of-package nutritional labeling on choice, purchase, and consumption of food and beverages, and nutritional status of consumers, and identify factors that influence its effectiveness. METHODS: A synopsis of systematic reviews was carried out following PRISMA recommendations. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, LILACS, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, limited to studies published in Spanish or English with no restrictions on date of publication. Methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR 2. RESULTS: Seven systematic reviews were included. Front-of-package labeling facilitated healthy food choices and had a variable effect on consumption and purchase dimensions. No systematic review evaluated effects on nutritional status. Cost and flavor, eating habits, educational level, and dominant information processing systems in the consumer influenced labeling effectiveness. Most of the systematic reviews showed methodological limitations and critically low confidence levels. CONCLUSIONS: Front-of-package labeling had a positive effect on healthy food choices, with variable results on purchase and consumption dimensions. Local studies with adequate methodological quality are needed to identify the most effective labeling format in each country. Implementation of labeling as public health policy should be accompanied by strategies to improve access to healthy foods, promote physical activity, and provide nutrition education to consumers.

OBJETIVOS: Sumarizar os dados disponíveis referentes ao efeito da rotulagem nutricional frontal na escolha, compra e consumo de alimentos e bebidas e no estado nutricional dos consumidores e identificar os fatores que influenciam a efetividade desta medida. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um sumário de estudos de revisão sistemática segundo as recomendações PRISMA. Foi feita uma busca da literatura nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, LILACS, EBSCOhost e Scopus de estudos publicados em espanhol ou inglês, sem restrição de data de publicação. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada com o uso da ferramenta AMSTAR 2. RESULTADOS: Sete estudos de revisão sistemática foram selecionados. A rotulagem frontal facilitou a escolha de alimentos saudáveis e teve um efeito variável nas dimensões de consumo e compra. Nenhum estudo avaliou o efeito no estado nutricional. Custo e sabor, hábitos alimentares, nível educacional e sistemas dominantes de processamento de informação do consumidor tiveram influência na efetividade desta medida. Os estudos de revisão apresentaram, na sua maioria, limitações metodológicas e um grau de confiança criticamente baixo. CONCLUSÕES: A rotulagem nutricional frontal teve efeito positivo na escolha de alimentos saudáveis, com resultados variáveis nas dimensões de compra e consumo. É preciso realizar estudos locais com qualidade metodológica adequada para identificar o formato de rotulagem mais efetivo em cada país. A implementação desta medida como política de saúde pública deve ser acompanhada por estratégias para melhorar o acesso a alimentos saudáveis, promover a atividade física e proporcionar educação nutricional aos consumidores.

Assessment of patient interpersonal behavior: Development and validation of a rating scale.

OBJECTIVE: Patient in-session interpersonal behavior, as part of the therapeutic alliance, is an important aspect of the psychotherapy process and impacts treatment outcome. In the present study, the development and validation of a rating scale of patient in-session interpersonal behavior is described. METHOD: A 10-item rating scale, the Assessment Form of Patient Interpersonal Behavior (AFPIB), was developed using an inductive procedure. The AFPIB was then validated in a sample of patients with hypochondriasis (N = 30), by having two independent raters assess patients' interpersonal behaviors shown in videotaped psychotherapy sessions (N = 60). RESULTS: The AFPIB demonstrated good reliability and validity. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the AFPIB seems to be a promising rating scale for the assessment of patient interpersonal behavior shown in psychotherapy sessions.

Survey of horse transportation in Switzerland: practices and issues.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to describe equine transportation practices and transport-related behavioural and health problems in Switzerland and to identify possible associations between them. An online survey was disseminated to Swiss equine industry members and questioned respondents' details, transport practices (before, during, and after journeys), horse transport-related behavioural (TRPBs) and health problems (TRHPs) experienced in the previous 2 years. The survey generated 441 valid responses, analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models (outcomes: TRPBs, TRHPs, injuries, diarrhea). Respondents were mainly women (79,5 %), younger than 50 years (75 %), and amateurs (80 %). Most of the respondents transported one or two horses (88,7 %), for a short (< 2 hours) journey (75,5 %). Pre-transport practices were performed by 72,1 % of respondents and horses' fitness for travel was assessed in the majority of cases (66,5 %). During the journey, horses were tethered (92,6 %) and monitored (52,7 %). The majority of respondents (74,9 %) assessed also the horses' fitness after travel. TRPBs were reported by 13,4 % of respondents. TRPBs' likelihood increased when the respondents were women, performed pre-transport practices and training for transport, did not assess drinking behaviour and general health before journey, and the horses experienced also TRHPs. TRHPs were reported by 34 % of the respondents and were associated with younger respondents, use of trucks, doing pre-transport practices, wearing protections, not monitoring horses during transport and preexisting TRPBs. Among TRHPs the most frequent were injuries (72,1 %) and diarrhea (41 %). The likelihood of injuries increased with younger respondents, use of trucks, wearing protections, lack of monitoring during transport and TRPBs. While younger respondents, longer journeys, wearing protections, lack of monitoring during transport, measuring rectal temperature after journeys and TRPBs increased the odds of reporting diarrhea. Even though our findings must be interpreted with caution due to survey limitations, considering that the found associations do not always mean causation, they highlight the strengths and weaknesses of transport practices in Switzerland and report evidence to implement current regulations on the protection of horse welfare during transport.

INTRODUCTION: Cette étude a pour but de décrire les pratiques de transport de chevaux et les problèmes de comportement et de santé liés à ces transports en Suisse et d'identifier les associations possibles entre ces deux éléments. Une enquête en ligne a été diffusée auprès des membres de la filière équine suisse et a permis de recueillir les coordonnées des répondants, les pratiques de transport (avant, pendant et après les trajets), les problèmes de comportement (TRPB) et de santé liés (TRHP) au transport des chevaux rencontrés au cours des deux années précédentes. L'enquête a généré 441 réponses valides, analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et de modèles de régression logistique (résultats: TRPB, TRHP, blessures, diarrhée). Les répondants étaient principalement des femmes (79,5 %), âgées de moins de 50 ans (75 %) et amateurs (80 %). La plupart des personnes interrogées ont transporté un ou deux chevaux (88,7 %), pour un trajet court (< 2 heures) (75,5 %). Des mesures préalables au transport ont été prises par 72,1 % des répondants et l'aptitude des chevaux au voyage a été évaluée dans la majorité des cas (66,5 %). Pendant le voyage, les chevaux étaient attachés (92,6 %) et surveillés (52,7 %). La majorité des répondants (74,9 %) ont également évalué l'état des chevaux après le voyage. Des cas de TRPB ont été signalés par 13,4 % des répondants. La probabilité de TRPB augmente lorsque les personnes interrogées sont des femmes, qu'elles ont pris des mesures préalables au transport et ont entraîné le transport, qu'elles n'ont pas évalué le comportement d'abreuvement et l'état de santé général avant le voyage et que les chevaux ont souffert de TRHP. Les TRHP ont été signalées par 34 % des personnes interrogées et ont été associées à des personnes plus jeunes, à l'utilisation de camions, aux mesures préalables au transport, au port de protections, à l'absence de surveillance des chevaux pendant le transport et à des TRPB préexistantes. Parmi les TRHP, les plus fréquentes étaient les blessures (72,1 %) et la diarrhée (41 %). La probabilité de blessures augmente avec la jeunesse des répondants, l'utilisation de camions, le port de protections, l'absence de surveillance pendant le transport et la présence de TRPB. En revanche, les répondants plus jeunes, les trajets plus longs, le port de protections, l'absence de contrôle pendant le transport, la mesure de la température rectale après les trajets et les TRPB augmentent la probabilité de déclarer une diarrhée. Même si nos résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence en raison des limites de l'enquête, considérant que les associations trouvées ne signifient pas toujours une causalité, ils soulignent les forces et les faiblesses des pratiques de transport en Suisse et rapportent des preuves pour mettre en œuvre les réglementations actuelles sur la protection du bien-être des chevaux pendant le transport.

Agonistic behaviour of dairy goats and sheep during feeding - A pilot study on Swiss farms with mixed rations.

INTRODUCTION: Feeding mixed rations is a widely used practice for cattle to ensure the intake of a balanced diet and to reduce competition for food. It is unknown, whether mixed rations have the same advantages for small ruminants because they differ from cattle in their feeding and social behaviour. In this observational pilot study, an array of feeding and social behaviour of dairy goats and sheep fed ad libitum with mixed rations on Swiss farms was investigated. Twelve dairy goat and 12 dairy sheep farms feeding mixed rations were visited once during the winter feeding period. Data on the feeding management, feeding place design and the composition of the mixed rations were collected. The number of animals feeding simultaneously and the number and type of agonistic interactions during feeding were assessed by direct observations for 6 hours after the morning feed-distribution. The feeding management and the composition of the mixed rations were very heterogeneous among farms. The feed rations were mostly well balanced in relation to energy and protein and covered the requirements for the daily production of about 2,5 kg of milk. In terms of feeding simultaneously, sheep were more synchronous than goats. The mean number of agonistic interactions per feeding place within 6 hours were 3,8 in goats and 1,8 in sheep; thus, the probability to observe agonistic behaviour is higher in goats than in sheep. Goats and sheep also differed in the frequency of types of agonistic interactions. Overall, the occurrence of agonistic interactions between animals during feeding decreased with higher numbers of feeding places per animal and longer periods of time since the feed distribution. To conclude, when feeding mixed rations, agonistic interactions related to feeding are more frequent in goats but also occur in sheep to a considerable extent. They can be decreased by offering more feeding places.

INTRODUCTION: L'alimentation avec des rations mixtes est une pratique largement utilisée pour les bovins afin de garantir l'apport d'une alimentation équilibrée et de réduire la concurrence pour la nourriture. On ignore si les rations mixtes présentent les mêmes avantages pour les petits ruminants, car ils diffèrent des bovins en matière de comportement alimentaire et social. Dans cette étude observationnelle pilote, un éventail de comportements alimentaires et sociaux de chèvres et de moutons laitiers nourris ad libitum avec des rations mixtes dans des fermes suisses a été étudié. Douze exploitations de chèvres laitières et 12 exploitations de moutons laitiers, utilisant des rations mixtes, ont été visitées une fois pendant la période d'alimentation hivernale. Des données sur la gestion de l'alimentation, la conception du lieu d'alimentation et la composition des rations mixtes ont été recueillies. Le nombre d'animaux s'alimentant simultanément et le nombre et le type d'interactions agonistiques pendant l'alimentation ont été évalués par des observations directes pendant 6 heures après la distribution matinale des aliments. La gestion de l'alimentation et la composition des rations mélangées étaient très hétérogènes entre les exploitations. Les rations alimentaires étaient généralement bien équilibrées en termes d'énergie et de protéines et couvraient les besoins pour la production quotidienne d'environ 2,5 kg de lait. En termes d'alimentation simultanée, les moutons étaient plus synchrones que les chèvres. Le nombre moyen d'interactions agonistiques par place d'alimentation dans les 6 heures était de 3,8 chez les chèvres et de 1,8 chez les moutons ; la probabilité d'observer un comportement agonistique est en conséquence plus élevée chez les chèvres que chez les moutons. Les chèvres et les moutons diffèrent également dans la fréquence des types d'interactions agonistiques. Dans l'ensemble, l'occurrence des interactions agonistiques entre les animaux pendant l'alimentation a diminué avec un nombre plus élevé de places d'alimentation par animal et des périodes plus longues depuis la distribution des aliments. En conclusion, lors de la distribution de rations mixtes, les interactions agonistiques liées à l'alimentation sont plus fréquentes chez les chèvres mais se produisent également dans une large mesure chez les moutons. Elles peuvent être réduites en offrant davantage de places d'alimentation.

Effects of the anti-sucking device «SuckStop Müller¼ on calf behavior.

INTRODUCTION: When cross-sucking persists beyond calf-hood, it represents an important problem in dairy heifers and cows. It can cause teat injuries and severe mastitis and lead to significant economic losses. The «SuckStop Müller,¼ a novel anti-sucking device, is designed to give the calf a negative feedback when cross-sucking on a conspecific. The aim of this study was to assess whether wearing a SuckStop would result in behavioral changes other than cross-sucking and thus, impair welfare in the short- and longer-term. Sixteen group-housed calves were observed in groups of four on five days, before and after fitting the SuckStop: day -2, day -1, day 0, day 1, and day 9. Maintenance behaviors (e.g., feeding, drinking, lying) were recorded using instantaneous scan sampling. In addition, the frequency of contact behaviors (e.g., exploring the feeding fence, touching own body) was recorded by means of continuous focal animal observations. Contact behaviors were classified as «impaired¼ or «normal¼ depending on whether or not the calf flinched in response to the contact. Finally, the number of visits to the milk and concentrate feeders was extracted from the computer-controlled feeding system. Fitting a SuckStop resulted in a higher proportion of observations spent lying and less exploration behavior on day 0 and day 1 than on day -2, day -1, and day 9. On day 0 and day 1, 6,3 % of exploration behaviors were classified as impaired, compared to 0,4 % (day -2, day -1) before and 0,2 % (day 9) after fitting the SuckStop. On day 9, all calves had superficial ulcerations on the nasal septum. In four calves, these ulcerations were moderately severe, whereas all other calves had slight ulcerations. In summary, the calves habituated quickly to this novel anti-sucking device. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the long-term relevance of tissue alterations in the nasal septum for calf welfare as well as the effect of the SuckStop on cross-sucking behavior.

INTRODUCTION: Lorsque la succion croisée persiste au-delà de l'âge de veau, elle représente un problème important chez les génisses et les vaches laitières. Elle peut provoquer des blessures aux trayons et des mastites graves et entraîner ainsi des pertes économiques importantes. Le «SuckStop Müller¼, un nouveau dispositif anti-succion, est conçu pour donner au veau un feedback négatif lorsqu'il suce un congénère. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si le port d'un SuckStop pouvait entraîner des changements de comportement autres que la succion croisée et, par conséquent, nuire au bien-être à court et à long terme. Seize veaux logés en groupe ont été observés par groupes de quatre pendant cinq jours, avant et après la pose du SuckStop: jour ­2, jour ­1, jour 0, jour 1 et jour 9. Les comportements d'entretien (par exemple se nourrir, boire, se coucher) ont été enregistrés à l'aide d'un échantillonnage par balayage instantané. En outre, la fréquence des comportements de contact (par exemple, explorer le râtelier, toucher son propre corps) a été enregistrée au moyen d'observations continues de chaque animal. Les comportements de contact ont été classés comme «altérés¼ ou «normaux¼ selon que le veau a tressailli ou non en réponse au contact. Enfin, le nombre de visites aux distributeurs de lait et de concentré a été extrait du système d'alimentation contrôlé par ordinateur. L'installation d'un SuckStop a entraîné une proportion plus élevée d'observations de comportements couchés et moins de comportements d'exploration le jour 0 et le jour 1 que le jour ­2, le jour ­1 et le jour 9. Le jour 0 et le jour 1, 6,3 % des comportements d'exploration ont été classés comme déficients, contre 0,4 % (jour ­2, jour ­1) avant et 0,2 % (jour 9) après la pose du SuckStop. Au jour 9, tous les veaux présentaient des ulcérations superficielles sur la cloison nasale. Chez quatre veaux, ces ulcérations étaient modérément graves, tandis que tous les autres veaux présentaient de légères ulcérations. En résumé, les veaux se sont rapidement habitués à ce nouveau dispositif anti-suceur. Des études de suivi sont nécessaires pour évaluer la pertinence à long terme des altérations tissulaires de la cloison nasale pour le bien-être des veaux ainsi que l'effet du SuckStop sur le comportement de succion croisée.

[Outcome of a survey on antibiotic prescribing in veterinary medicine]. / Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zur ­Verschreibung von Antibiotika in der ­Veterinärmedizin.

INTRODUCTION: As part of the national strategy on antibiotic resistance (StAR), a therapy guide for the prudent prescription of antimicrobial agents in animals was developed. To facilitate its implementation in the veterinary practice, the therapy recommendations contained therein have been translated to the user-friendly decision support AntibioticScout.ch. In this context, we conducted a non-representative survey to assess the level of awareness as well as usage of this guide and the AntibioticScout.ch decision support. Based on case studies with typical diseases in dogs, cats and cattle, it was shown that the veterinarians participating in the survey strive to handle antibiotics responsibly and to prescribe them with restraint. Nevertheless, the survey points to possible improvements in the antibiotic therapy. In particular, the StAR guidelines or AntibioticScout.ch can be useful to the practicing veterinarians for taking into account all relevant decision criteria in the optimal selection of a suitable antimicrobial agent.

INTRODUCTION: Dans le cadre de la stratégie nationale de résistance aux antibiotiques (StAR), un guide thérapeutique pour la prescription prudente d'agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux a été élaboré. Pour faciliter son application dans la pratique vétérinaire, les recommandations thérapeutiques qu'il contient ont été transférées dans l'aide à la décision conviviale en-ligne AntibioticScout.ch. Dans ce contexte, nous avons mené une enquête non représentative pour évaluer le niveau de connaissance et l'utilisation de ce guide de l'aide à la decision AntibioticScout.ch. Sur la base d'études de cas portant sur des maladies typiques des chiens, des chats et des bovins, il a été démontré que les vétérinaires participant à l'enquête s'efforcent d' utiliser les antibiotiques de manière responsable et de les prescrire avec modération. Néanmoins, l'enquête met en évidence les améliorations possibles de la thérapie antibiotique. Le guide thérapeutique StAR ou AntibioticScout.ch peut être particulièrement utile à la profession vétérinaire pour prendre en compte tous les critères de décision pertinents dans la sélection optimale d'un agent antimicrobien approprié.

Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and its association with sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors among adolescents and young students, according to gender. METHODS: The sample consisted of students from the state public school network aged between 12 and 24 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (v. 20.0), using Poisson regression to evaluate the prevalence ratio (PR) of the independent variables in relation to the outcome. p<0.05 was established as the significance level. RESULTS: The final analysis consisted of 1275 adolescents, of whom 716 (56.2%) were girls and 559 (43.8%) were boys. The prevalence of current tobacco use was 6.6% among girls and 9.7% among boys. In females, consuming alcohol in the last 30 days (3.91 [1.54-9.94]) and being 14 years old or younger (0.50 [0.26-0.96]) influenced current tobacco use. In the male gender, tobacco use in the last 30 days was influenced by current alcohol consumption (2.92 [1.21-7.08]) and involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months (2.32 [1.32-4.09]). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of current tobacco use was low in both genders, the assessed population still presents a risk, since male involvement in physical fighting and current consumption of alcohol in both genders increased the probability of this population becoming regular tobacco users.

Adolescents' healthy lifestyle.

OBJECTIVE: Using a wide and representative sample of adolescents from 37 countries, this study aimed to analyze how age changes adolescents' healthy lifestyle. METHODS: The study included 148,839 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010 survey. A composite score of a healthy lifestyle was created using the combination of daily physical activity, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, <2h daily on screen-based behaviors, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco products. Healthy lifestyle measures were based on self-report. RESULTS: 4.7% of boys and 4.4% of girls aged 11 years, 3% of boys and 2% of girls aged 13 years, and 1.5% of boys and 0.8% of girls aged 15 scored perfectly on the healthy lifestyle score. As age increased, the prevalence of adolescents with a healthy lifestyle decreased. In 37 countries and regions, the prevalence of healthy behaviors decreased linearly between early adolescence and the age of 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: In general, adolescents do not have a healthy lifestyle. Results from this study highlight that there is still much work to be done in promoting healthy lifestyles and to raise awareness among adolescents of the potential risk to their health status.

Is physical activity associated with resting heart rate in boys and girls? A representative study controlled for confounders.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between different domains of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) in boys and girls. METHOD: The sample included 1011 adolescents, aged between 10 and 17 years. RHR was measured by a heart rate monitor and physical activity was assessed in total and in three different domains (school, occupational, and sports practice) by a questionnaire. Anthropometry was directly obtained for body mass index and central fat. Ethnicity, sedentary behavior, and smoking habits were self-reported and used to adjust the analysis, through hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS: Total physical activity was associated with low RHR in boys (ß=-0.52; 95% CI: -0.92, -0.12) and girls (ß=-0.67; 95% CI: -1.07, -0.28). Although sporting physical activities were associated with low RHR in both boys (ß=-0.58; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.11) and girls (ß=-0.87; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.39), occupational physical activity was related to low RHR only in boys (ß=-1.56; 95% CI: -2.99, -0.14). CONCLUSION: The practice of physical activity in the sport practice domain and total physical activity were related to low RHR in both sexes, while occupational physical activities were associated with RHR only in boys.

Regression II. Development through regression.

As shown in our previous paper ('Regression I. Experimental approaches to regression', JAP, 65, 2, 345-65), the common mechanism of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the proportion of low-differentiated (older) systems in actualized experience. Experimental data show that regression following disease (chronic tension headache) is followed by adaptation and an increase in system differentiation in that experience domain which contains systems responsible for that adaptation. The results of mathematical modelling support the idea that reversible dedifferentiation can be one of the mechanisms for increasing the effectiveness of adaptation through learning. Reversible dedifferentiation, which is phenomenologically described as regression, is a general mechanism for restructuring the organism-environment interactions in situations where behaviours that were effective in the past become ineffective. Reversible dedifferentiation has evolved as a component of adaptation when new behaviours are formed and large-scale modifications in the existing behaviours are required in the face of changes in the external and/or internal environment. Thus, the authors believe that this article provides evidence for Jung's view that regression is not only a 'return' to past forms of thinking, affects and behaviour, but that regressive processes provide a significant impetus for psychological growth and development.

Comme nous l'avons montré dans notre article précédent (« Régression I. Les approches expérimentales de la régression ¼), le mécanisme propre à la régression peut être décrit en tant que dé-différentiation réversible, ce que l'on peut comprendre comme une hausse relative de la proportion de systèmes peu différentiés (plus vieux) dans l'expérience actualisée. Les données expérimentales montrent que la régression suite à une maladie (mal de tête de tension chronique) est suivie par une adaptation et un accroissement dans la différentiation des systèmes dans le domaine d'expérience qui contient les systèmes responsables de cette adaptation. Les résultats de la modélisation mathématique soutiennent l'idée que la dé-différentiation réversible peut être l'un des mécanismes pour accroitre l'efficacité de l'adaptation par l'apprentissage. La dé-différentiation réversible, qui est décrite phénoménologiquement comme régression, est un mécanisme général pour restructurer les interactions organisme-environnement dans des situations où les comportements qui fonctionnaient par le passé sont devenus inefficaces. La dé-différentiation réversible a évolué comme un élément de l'adaptation quand de nouveaux comportements se développent et que des changements dans l'environnement extérieur ou intérieur requièrent des modifications à grande échelle dans les comportements existants. Ainsi, les auteurs pensent que cet article apporte un soutien à la perspective de Jung selon laquelle la régression n'est pas seulement un « retour ¼ à des formes anciennes de fonctionnement, d'affects et de comportement, mais que les processus régressifs fournissent un élan significatif pour la croissance et le développement psychologiques.

Como hemos mostrado en nuestros trabajos previos ('Regresión I. Abordajes experimentales hacia la regresión'), el mecanismo común de la regresión puede ser descripto como desdiferenciación reversible, el cual es comprendido como un relativo incremento en la proporción de sistemas de baja-diferenciación en la experiencia actual. Data experimental muestra que la regresión luego de una enfermedad (tensión de cabeza crónica) es seguida por la adaptación y por un incremento en la diferenciación de sistemas en aquel dominio de la experiencia, que contiene sistemas responsables para tal adaptación. Los resultados del modelo matemático sostienen la idea de que la desdiferenciación reversible puede ser uno de los mecanismos para incrementar la efectividad de la adaptación a través del aprendizaje. La desdiferenciación reversible, la cual fenomenológicamente se describe como regresión, es un mecanismo general para restructurar las interacciones entre el organismo y el medio ambiente, en situaciones en las que las conductas que eran efectivas en el pasado se vuelven ineficaces. La desdiferenciación reversible ha evolucionado como un componente de la adaptación cuando se forman nuevas conductas y se requieren modificaciones a gran escala en las conductas existentes frente a los cambios en el medio ambiente externo y/o interno. Así, los autores consideran que el artículo proporciona evidencia a la perspectiva de Jung sobre la regresión, no solamente como un 'retorno' a formas de pensar, sentir y actuar del pasado sino que los procesos regresivos proveen un estímulo significativo para el desarrollo y el crecimiento psicológico.

Regression I. Experimental approaches to regression.

The concept of regression is considered with an emphasis on the differences between the positions of Freud and Jung regarding its significance. The paper discusses the results of experimental analyses of individual experience dynamics (from gene expression changes and impulse neuronal activity in animals to prosocial behaviour in healthy humans at different ages, and humans in chronic pain) in those situations where regression occurs: stress, disease, learning, highly emotional states and alcohol intoxication. Common mechanisms of regression in all these situations are proposed. The mechanisms of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the representation of low-differentiated (older) systems in the actualized experience. In all of the cases of dedifferentiation mentioned above, the complexity of the systemic organization of behaviour significantly decreases.

Le concept de régression est étudié en mettant l'accent sur les différences entre les positions de Freud et celles de Jung concernant sa portée. L'article discute les résultats des analyses expérimentales de dynamiques de l'expérience individuelle (de changements dans l'expression des gènes et de l'activité des réflexes neuronaux chez les animaux aux comportements pro-sociaux chez des humains en bonne santé et à des âges de vie divers, et chez des humains en situation de souffrance chronique) dans ces situations où se produit la régression: le stress, la maladie, l'apprentissage, les états hautement émotionnels et l'intoxication par l'alcool. Les mécanismes communs de régression dans toutes ces situations sont présentés. Les mécanismes de régression peuvent être décrits en tant que dé-différentiation réversible, ce qui est interprété comme un accroissement relatif de la représentation de systèmes peu-différenciés (plus vieux) dans l'expérience actualisée. Dans tous les cas de dé-différentiation mentionnés plus haut, la complexité de l'organisation systémique du comportement décroit de manière significative.

Se considera el concepto de regresión, con énfasis en las diferencias entre Freud y Jung en lo que concierne a su significado. El trabajo desarrolla los resultados de análisis experimentales sobre dinámicas experienciales individuales (desde cambios en la expresión genética y actividad neuronal en animales a conductas prosociales en humanos saludables en diferentes edades, y humanos en dolor crónico) en aquellas situaciones donde la regresión ocurre: estrés, enfermedad, aprendizaje, estados altamente emocionales e intoxicación alcohólica. Se proponen mecanismos comunes de regresión en todas estas situaciones. Los mecanismos de regresión pueden describirse como de-diferenciación reversible, la cual es comprendida como un incremento relativo de la representación de sistemas de baja-diferenciación (antiguos) en la experiencia actualizada. En todos los casos de de-diferenciación mencionados anteriormente, la complejidad de la organización sistemática de conducta decrece significativamente.

Prevenção de comportamentos autodestrutivo na adolescência: influência das redes sociais / Prevention of self-destructive behaviors in adolescence: influence of social networks

A comunicação entre pais e seus filhos no período da adolescência é fundamental para propor uma estrutura psicológica, na qual pode-se permitir que o adolescente desenvolva uma autoestima forte e independente. Objetivo: identificar por meio de literatura o comportamento autodestrutivo em adolescentes que utilizam redes sociais e jogos digitais de modo demasiado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de cunho exploratório com intuito caracterizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica, realizada através do Google Acadêmico, Fio Cruz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando os uni termos: "COMPORTAMENTOS AUTODESTRUTIVOS NA ADOLESCENCIA", pesquisado apenas no idioma português," ordenado por "data" de 2002 até maio de 2023. Resultado: Mediante as bases pesquisadas forem elegíveis (22) artigos, (2) revistas e (1) livro após os critérios estabelecidos ficaram apenas 05 artigos. Conclusão: Cabe aos profissionais da saúde bem como a equipe de enfermagem, seja na atenção primaria ou dentro do ambiente hospitalar estarem preparados e capacitados para prestar uma assistência de qualidade, realizar o acolhimento e uma escuta terapêutica de forma mais positiva.(AU)

Communication between parents and their children during adolescence is fundamental to propose a psychological structure in which adolescents can develop a strong and independent self-esteem. Objective: to identify, through literature, self-destructive behavior in adolescents who use social networks and digital games too much. Method: This is an exploratory study with a purpose characterized by a bibliographical review, carried out through Google Scholar, Fio Cruz (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the uni terms: "SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS NA ADOLESCENCIA", searched only in Portuguese," sorted by "date" from 2002 to May 2023. Result: According to the searched databases, (22) articles, (2) magazines and (1) book were eligible after the established criteria. only 05 articles. Conclusion: It is up to health professionals, as well as the nursing team, whether in primary care or within the hospital environment, to be prepared and qualified to provide quality care, embracement and therapeutic listening in a more positive way.(AU)

La comunicación entre padres e hijos durante la adolescencia es fundamental para proponer una estructura psicológica en la que los adolescentes puedan desarrollar una autoestima fuerte e independiente. Objetivo: identificar, a través de la literatura, conductas autodestructivas en adolescentes que utilizan demasiado las redes sociales y los juegos digitales. Método: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio con finalidad caracterizada por una revisión bibliográfica, realizada a través de Google Scholar, Fio Cruz (Fundación Oswaldo Cruz), Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando los términos uni: "CONDUCTAS AUTODESTRUCTIVAS EN LA ADOLESCENCIA" , buscado solo en portugués", ordenados por "fecha" de 2002 a mayo de 2023. Resultado: De acuerdo con las bases de datos buscadas, (22) artículos, (2) revistas y (1) libro fueron elegibles después de los criterios establecidos. sólo 05 artículos. Conclusión: Corresponde a los profesionales de la salud, así como al equipo de enfermería, ya sea en la atención primaria o en el ámbito hospitalario, estar preparados y calificados para brindar un cuidado de calidad, acogida y escucha terapéutica de forma más positiva.(AU)

Maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and associated characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To identify associations between maternal restrictive feeding practices for child weight control and sociodemographic, behavioral, dietetic, and anthropometric characteristics. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with mothers of children aged 2-8 years. Maternal feeding practices were measured by the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, in private schools in Brazil. Bivariate and multivariate associations were performed, using nonparametric analyses to estimate odds ratios and significance levels. RESULTS: Maternal restrictive feeding practices for weight control were independently associated with the mother's perception of her child being a little overweight/overweight/obese (OR=4.61, p=0.001), greater concern about the child's overweight (OR=2.61, p<0.001), child's overweight/obesity/severe obesity (OR= 2.18, p<0.001), and the child's greater intake of ultra-processed foods (OR=1.40, p=0.026). CONCLUSION: In this study, the risk variables identified for the use of the maternal restrictive feeding practices to control the child's weight can be used to provide education and guidance interventions in health and education networks directed to groups with similar characteristics to those of the studied population.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao comportamento sexual de risco de adolescentes escolares brasileiros / Prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among Brazilian school adolescents

Resumo O artigo avaliou a prevalência e fatores associados ao comportamento sexual de risco (CSR) de adolescentes escolares do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2019, com amostra representativa de adolescentes escolares brasileiros do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Foram avaliadas características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, de saúde mental e de sociabilidade, orientações recebidas na escola e autoimagem corporal. Caracterizou-se o CSR como o não uso de preservativo na última relação sexual. Os dados foram analisados por modelo hierarquizado com regressão robusta de Poisson. A prevalência de CSR foi de 40,3%, com menor proporção na região Norte (37,4%). Houve maior prevalência do CSR entre adolescentes do sexo feminino, cuja primeira relação sexual ocorreu com 13 anos ou menos, que foram vítimas de violência sexual, que praticaram bullying e que usaram drogas ilícitas, cigarro e álcool. Aqueles que usaram preservativo na primeira relação sexual apresentaram menor prevalência de CSR. A alta prevalência de CSR entre adolescentes escolares no Brasil, aliada ao conhecimento dos fatores associados, deve propiciar o estabelecimento de estratégias para favorecer a melhoria na saúde sexual e reprodutiva desses jovens.

Abstract This article evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) among Brazilian school adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from the National Survey of School Health, 2019 edition, with a representative sample of 7th grade of elementary school to 3rd year of high school Brazilian school adolescents. This work evaluated sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, sociability characteristics, medical advice received at school, and body image. RSB was characterized as the non-use of a condom during sexual intercourse. The data were analyzed using hierarchical Poisson regression modeling. The prevalence of RSB was of 40.3%, with the lowest proportion appearing in the North region (37.4%). The highest prevalence of RSB was found among female adolescents, whose first sexual intercourse occurred at 13 years of age or under, who were victims of sexual violence, who practiced bullying, and who used illicit drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. Those who used a condom during their first sexual intercourse showed the lowest prevalence of RSB. The high prevalence of RSB among Brazilian school adolescents, together with the knowledge of the associated factors, serves to define strategies to favor improvements in the sexual and reproductive health of these young people.

A influência das mídias sociais nos relacionamentos sexuais dos jovens / The influence of social media on young people's sexual relationships

As redes sociais revolucionaram a maneira como os indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias se comunicam e interagem, tendo um impacto significativo nos relacionamentos sexuais. Essas plataformas oferecem acesso a informações sobre saúde sexual e facilitam a formação de vínculos amorosos e sexuais. Para os jovens que não se identificam como heterossexuais, as redes sociais desempenham um papel crucial no desenvolvimento da orientação sexual e na busca por aceitação. Embora as mídias sociais possam promover uma melhor compreensão da sexualidade e do sexo seguro, estão associadas a comportamentos de risco, como o sexting, e podem levar a consequências negativas, como abuso e insatisfação sexual. A agência sexual (habilidade para sentir prazer sexual, assertividade, comunicação, percepção de limites e empatia) é fundamental para navegar nas complexidades dos relacionamentos sexuais online. A privacidade é um desafio nesse contexto, com a vida pública e privada muitas vezes sendo confundida. Estabelecer limites claros com os parceiros sobre o que pode ser compartilhado online é essencial para evitar mal-entendidos e conflitos. Por outro lado, as redes sociais também podem ser uma ferramenta valiosa para educação em saúde sexual, capacitando os indivíduos a tomarem decisões informadas sobre seus relacionamentos e bem-estar sexuais. Profissionais de saúde e pesquisadores precisam estar cientes dessas influências para informar jovens, pais e educadores sobre o uso seguro e saudável dessa ferramenta para a sexualidade.

Food capture and escape behavior of Leposternon microcephalum Wagler, 1824 (Squamata: Amphisbaenia)

Abstract Amphisbaenians are fossorial reptiles that have a cylindrical and elongated body covered with scales arranged in rings, and are all apodal, except for the three species of the genus Bipes. The amphisbaenian diet consists of a variety of invertebrates and small vertebrates. As these animals live underground, many aspects of their natural history are difficult to study. Most feeding studies of amphisbaenians have focused on the composition of the diet and feeding ecology, and the data available on feeding behavior are based on precursory observations. The present study describes the food capture behavior of Leposternon microcephalum Wagler, 1824 in captivity. In this experiment we used non-live bait (moist cat food), which was placed near a burrow opening, on the surface of the substrate. Three animals were monitored visually and filmed using cellphone cameras deployed at fixed points, to capture images from the dorsal and lateral perspectives of the study subjects. Two principal types of behavior were observed: the capture of food and defense mechanisms. The strategies used to capture the food were similar to those observed in other fossorial species. Although the backward movement has already been observed and described, we were able to record this movement being used as an escape strategy. These findings enrich our knowledge on different aspects of the natural history of the amphisbaenians.

Resumo Anfisbênas são répteis fossoriais caracterizadas por apresentarem corpo cilíndrico e alongado coberto por escamas dispostas exclusivamente em anéis e todas são ápodas, com exceção das três espécies do gênero Bipes. Sua dieta consiste em uma variedade de invertebrados e pequenos vertebrados. Por viverem no subsolo, muitos aspectos de sua história natural são difíceis de observar. A maioria dos estudos sobre alimentação em anfisbenas concentra-se na dieta e na ecologia alimentar, enquanto as informações sobre o comportamento alimentar se baseiam em observações preliminares. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever o comportamento de captura de alimentos exibido por Leposternon microcephalum Wagler, 1824, fora da galeria, em cativeiro. Para o experimento foi utilizada uma isca não viva, ração úmida de gato, que foi oferecida e posicionada próxima a uma das aberturas da galeria, na superfície do solo. Um total de três animais foi analisadopor meio de observações visuais e registros de câmeras de telefones celulares posicionadas em um ponto fixo, captando imagens de suas vistas dorsal e lateral. Foram detectados dois tipos principais de comportamento: captura de recursos alimentares e mecanismo de defesa. As estratégias utilizadas para capturar o recurso alimentar foram semelhantes às observadas em outras espécies fossoriais. Embora o movimento de marcha-à-ré tenha sido observado e descrito, o registramos sendo usado como uma estratégia de fuga. Esses resultados contribuem para enriquecer o conhecimento sobre diferentes aspectos da história natural dos Amphisbaenia.

Eating attitudes and restrictive diets in an adult population / Atitudes alimentares e dietas restritivas na população adulta

Aims: to investigate if individuals, who have already been and/or are still on restrictive diets, present high scores for risk of disordered eating attitudes. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out online in the Research Electronic Data Capture platform using social media (Instagram and Whatsapp). The study sample consisted of 539 individuals aged over 18 years and the questionnaire was divided into three parts: sociodemographic data, questions about the practice of restrictive diets developed by the authors, and the Disordered Eating Attitudes Scale. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables and the Student's t or ANOVA tests were used to compare averages. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: the final mean in the Disordered Eating Attitudes Scale was 74.4 (SD=18.6). Individuals who had already been and/or are still on restrictive diets presented higher scores than those who had never been on this type of diet. Conclusions: eating attitudes of individuals who adhere to restrictive diets tend to be less healthy than those who have never been on this type of diet. Our findings demonstrate an increased focus on weight-related concerns following these dietary practices, as well as the challenges faced in maintaining a desired weight

Objetivos: verificar se indivíduos que já realizaram e/ou ainda realizam dietas restritivas apresentam altos escores para risco de atitudes alimentares desordenadas. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo com delineamento transversal, com coleta de dados online, através da plataforma Research Electronic Data Capture divulgado nas mídias sociais (Instagram e WhatsApp). A amostra foi composta por 539 indivíduos com idade acima de 18 anos e o questionário foi subdividido em três partes: uma seção para dados sociodemográficos, outra com questões sobre a realização da prática de dietas restritivas elaboradas pelas autoras, e a última contendo a Escala de Atitudes Alimentares Transtornadas, a qual tem a finalidade de mensurar as atitudes alimentares desordenadas, avaliando crenças, pensamentos, sentimentos, comportamentos e relação com a comida. Foi utilizado o Teste qui-quadrado para comparação entre variáveis categóricas e para comparação de duas médias foi utilizado o Teste t de Student ou Teste de ANOVA para comparação de médias. O nível de significância adotado foi 5%. Resultados: a média de pontuação final da Escala de Atitudes Alimentares Transtornadas foi de 74,4 (DP= 18,6). Com pontuações maiores para os indivíduos que já realizaram e/ou ainda realizam quando comparado com aqueles que nunca utilizaram essa prática. Conclusões: as atitudes alimentares dos praticantes de dietas restritivas são mais inadequadas do que aquelas dos indivíduos que nunca realizaram essa prática. Do mesmo modo, demonstram um aumento na preocupação com o peso após a realização dessas dietas e a dificuldade de manter a redução do mesmo

Projeto Toy Box: estimulando a atividade física ao brincar em família durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Toy Box Project: encouraging the physical activity when play with the family during the COVID-19 pandemic

Apesar da alta incidência do comportamento sedentário na infância, brincadeira popular em família pode estimular o estilo de vida saudável. Objetivou-se analisar o impacto da disponibilização de uma caixa com brinquedos populares no nível de atividade física (NAF) de crianças. 33 crianças de 7 a 11 anos, foram divididas em: grupo controle, sem intervenção, (GC, n = 12, ♂ = 4, ♀ = 8) e grupo experimental (GE, n= 21, ♂ = 6, ♀ = 14), que recebeu uma caixa com brinquedos populares para interagir com a família por 1 mês. O NAF foi mensurado pelo do Questionário do Dia Típico de Atividade Física ­ DAFA. A ANOVA para medidas repetidas de dois fatores não revelou diferença significativa entre os momentos (p = 0,382), e nem na interação grupos*momentos (p = 0,666). Contudo, notou--se que o GE teve um aumento maior no NAF após a intervenção (Δ = 2,45 ± 10,55) comparado ao GC (Δ = 0,83 ± 9,40). Além de uma frequência maior de crianças do GE se tornando mais ativas (pré: 25%; pós: 40%) comparado ao GC (pré e pós: 67%). Concluiu-se que apesar da intervenção com brinquedos populares não ter resultado em diferença estatisticamente significativa no NAF das crianças analisadas, as diferenças clínicas demonstram que o Projeto Toy Box tem potencialidade para resultados promissores no NAF, sugerindo continuidade do estudo.

Despite the increased sedentary behavior in childhood, a playful strategy in the family, with traditional play, can encourage a healthy lifestyle. This study verified the impact of a box with traditional toys on children's physical activity level (PAL). Thirty-three children between 7 and 11 years old were divided into following groups: control group (CG, n = 12, ♂ = 4, ♀ = 8) without intervention, and experimental group (EG, n = 21, ♂ = 6, ♀ = 14) that received a box with traditional toys to use with family for a month. The PAL was evaluated thru a questionnaire (DAFA). The Repeated measures ANOVA did not showed significance between moments (p = 0.382), and nether for groups*moments interaction (p = 0.666). However, the EG improved PAL after intervention (Δ = 2.45 ± 10.55) compared to CG (Δ = 0.83 ± 9.40). Beyond that, in GE children became more physically active (pre: 25%; post: 40%) than CG (pre and post: 67%). In con-clusion, the traditional toys intervention did not result in a statistically significant PAL improvement in evaluated children, however, the clinical differences showed that the Toy Box project has the potential for promising results in PAL, suggesting the research extension.

Falas maternas sobre alimentação infantil / Maternal discourses on child feeding / Recuerdos maternos de la alimentación de sus hijos

Introdução: A alimentação aparece em todas as explicações sobre os processos e ações humanas, o que confirma o fato de não ser uma conduta natural, mas efeito da interação entre indivíduos, inaugurada na relação mãe-bebê. Objetivo: Identificar apagamentos, lapsos e resistência nas memórias de mães de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos primogênitos, sobre o processo de alimentação de seus filhos. Método: descritivo, exploratório realizado com mães de crianças, adolescentes e adultos com desenvolvimento típico que responderam a um questionário sobre a alimentação. Resultados: As perguntas relativas à amamentação e ao desmame foram respondidas de forma assertiva, mostrando que estes são fatos simbólicos, que marcam a lembrança materna. Conclusão: As lembranças maternas sobre as cenas alimentares com seus filhos mostram os movimentos de união e separação entre o par interacional. É possível apontar que apenas para as perguntas relativas à amamentação e ao desmame as respostas são totalmente assertivas, indiciando que são fatos simbólicos que marcam a memória materna. (AU)

Introduction: Feeding appears in all explanations about human processes and actions, which confirms the fact that it is not a natural behavior, but an effect of the interaction between individuals, initiated in the mother-baby relationship. Objective: To identify erasures, lapses and resistance in the memories of mothers of first-born children, adolescents and young adults, about the process of feeding their children. Method: descriptive, exploratory carried out with mothers of children, adolescents and adults with typical development who responded to a questionnaire about nutrition. Results: Questions regarding breastfeeding and weaning were answered assertively, showing that these are symbolic facts, which mark maternal memories. Conclusion: Maternal memories of eating scenes with their children show the movements of union and separation between the interactional pair. It is possible to point out that only for the questions related to breastfeeding and weaning the answers are completely assertive, indicating that they are symbolic facts that mark maternal memory. (AU)

Introducción: La alimentación aparece en todas las explicaciones sobre los procesos y acciones humanas, lo que confirma que no es un comportamiento natural, sino un efecto de la interacción entre individuos, iniciada en la relación madre-bebé. Objetivo: Identificar borramientos, lapsos y resistencias en los recuerdos de madres de primogénitos, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, sobre el proceso de alimentación de sus hijos. Método: descriptivo, exploratorio realizado con madres de niños, adolescentes y adultos con desarrollo típico que respondieron un cuestionario sobre nutrición. Resultados: Las preguntas sobre lactancia materna y destete fueron respondidas de manera asertiva, demostrando que se trata de hechos simbólicos, que marcan los recuerdos maternos. Conclusión: Los recuerdos maternos de escenas de comida con sus hijos muestran los movimientos de unión y separación entre la pareja interaccional. Es posible señalar que sólo para las preguntas relacionadas con la lactancia materna y el destete las respuestas son completamente asertivas, indicando que son hechos simbólicos que marcan la memoria materna. (AU)

Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study / Associação entre comportamento sedentário, dieta e estado nutricional em adolescentes: resultados do estudo LONCAAFS

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentários, dieta e excesso de peso em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde do Adolescente - Estudo LONCAAFS. Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos) de escolas públicas de João Pessoa, Brasil. Para avaliar os efeitos combinados do tempo excessivo no comportamento sedentário e no consumo de dois grupos de alimentos: Conveniência e Prudente sobre o excesso de peso, foram realizadas análises de regressão logística múltipla, ajustadas para energia, nível de atividade física, sexo e idade. O tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário aumentou em 37% a chance de os adolescentes apresentarem excesso de peso (OR = 1,37; IC95%: 1,04-1,80). Essa chance aumentou para 43% quando os adolescentes apresentaram, simultaneamente, comportamento sedentário excessivo e alto consumo do grupo de alimentos de conveniência (OR = 1,43; IC95%: 1,05-1,94), e aumentou para 39% naqueles com excesso de comportamento sedentário e baixo consumo de alimentos do Prudente (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,84). O comportamento sedentário excessivo está associado ao excesso de peso e a chance aumenta com o consumo de alimentos convenientes.