The American and Canadian wartime godmothers of Belgian soldiers. Joseph de Dorlodot's Correspondence and Documentation Office (1915-1919).

Lieutenant Joseph de Dorlodot (1871-1941), a Belgian aristocrat and philanthropist, was the Director of the Belgian Correspondence and Documentation Office in Folkestone, England. This article uses the 'Joseph de Dorlodot' archive collection (Archives Générales du Royaume de Belgique, Bruxelles) to investigate the emotional support provided by the Correspondence Office during the First World War. Throughout the conflict, its mission was to facilitate the sending of mail between Belgians, to provide them with legal advice and to offer humanitarian assistance to those who were in material and emotional distress. This was particularly the case of soldiers at the front. In the spring of 1916, the Office set up a mail system between Belgian soldiers and wartime godmothers - 'marraines' - from Canada and the USA. Lieutenant de Dorlodot imposed a precise moral and political framework for correspondence, where an intimate space was created in order to strengthen patriotic sentiment on the one hand, and control masculinities and femininities on the other. Through their letter exchanges with soldiers, godmothers participated in the war effort by bringing emotional reinforcement to the front line, from their homes, through a type of caring work often ignored or at least disconnected from any notion of work in the history of the Great War.

Lack of correspondence between the reactive proactive questionnaire and the impulsive premeditated aggression scale among forensic psychiatric outpatients.

The most studied bimodal classifications of aggressive behavior are the impulsive/premeditated distinction measured with the Impulsive Premeditated Aggression Scale and the reactive/proactive distinction measured with the Reactive Proactive Questionnaire. The terms of these classifications are often used interchangeably, assuming that reactive aggression is equivalent to impulsive aggression and that proactive aggressive behavior is the same as premeditated aggression. The correspondence or discrepancy between both aggression classifications/questionnaires, however, is understudied. Therefore, the current study investigated the correspondence between the RPQ and IPAS in a sample of 161 forensic psychiatric outpatients (FPOs) with severe aggressive behavior. Correlation analysis revealed a limited correspondence between the RPQ and IPAS. Cluster analyses derived three clusters from the RPQ as well as the IPAS: these clusters did not match in 60.3% of the cases. Furthermore, the notion that the RPQ measures trait aggression whereas the IPAS assesses state aggression could not be verified. The present study indicates that aggression subtypes as measured by use of the RPQ and IPAS correspond only partially and should not be used interchangeably. Furthermore, it was suggested that RPQ focuses more on actual aggressive behavior and the IPAS more on emotions and their regulation. Future research is needed to elucidate the applicability of both questionnaires in further detail.

Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Questionnaire: factorial validity, reliability and correspondence in assessing status and change in asthma control.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the factor structures and reliabilities of the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-7; ACQ-6) and the correspondence between them in assessing both level and change in asthma control. METHODS: Lung function and questionnaire data for ACT and ACQ were assessed in 113 asthma patients at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of inpatient rehabilitation. Confirmatory factor analyses, composite reliability coefficients, Pearson correlations, Cohen's Kappa and positive/negative agreements were computed. RESULTS: Unidimensional factor structure was confirmed for ACT. For ACQ configural invariance (i.e. same factor structure) over time could not be established. Furthermore, in ACQ-7, FEV1 showed no relation to the latent factor. Reliability estimates were 0.86-0.88 (ACT), 0.88-0.92(ACQ-6) and 0.81-0.86 (ACQ-7). Pearson correlations between ACT and ACQ were between 0.75 and 0.90 and tended to be higher at T2. If the aim is to identify patients with either not well-controlled asthma or change in asthma control, concordance was at least moderate (Kappa = 0.52-0.72). Correspondence tended to be lower in identifying patients with well-controlled asthma (Kappa = 0.30-0.79). In some circumstances, ACQ-6 showed higher agreement with ACT than did ACQ-7. CONCLUSIONS: ACT is a unidimensional measure, but factor structure of ACQ remains unclear. Correspondence between ACT and ACQ depends on the aim of the assessment. Including FEV1 in the assessment of asthma control level even lowers reliability of ACQ and concordance with ACT. Our results support GINA (2014) in conceptualizing FEV1 as a risk factor for poor asthma outcome instead of an indicator of level of asthma control.

Vanishing acts: the crisis of our loss of kinship with the more-than-human world.

In this paper I am arguing for the recognition of the implicit structural and emotional links between the development of mind and psyche and the more-than-human world. I suggest that it is because of this interpenetration that the uncanny experience of displacement anxiety and its effects on our capacities to think and make links is an under-appreciated aspect of our constant 'forgetting' of the building syndrome of our Earth's symptomatology. I make use of my own theory of the 'organizing gestalt' and the thinking of Maturana, Ingold and Colman to offer a framework for the consideration of the uncanny links between what we know about vanishing biodiversity, broken ecosystems and the breaking down of previously integrated Earth systems and the breaking down of our ways of thinking about our relationships with the more-than-human-world. I suggest that, taken together, such a framework feels remarkably akin to Australian indigenous ways of being in the world. Finally, I ask the question, what might it mean to think ecologically in our psychoanalytic work?

Dans cet article l'auteur défend la reconnaissance des liens implicites structurels et émotionnels entre le développement de la pensée et de la psyché et le monde au-delà de l'humain. Elle suggère que c'est du fait de cette interpénétration que l'expérience étrange et inquiétante liée à l'angoisse de déplacement - et de ses effets sur notre capacité à penser et faire des liens - est un aspect sous-estimé de notre 'oubli' constant du syndrome croissant de la symptomatologie de notre Terre. L'auteur s'appuie sur sa propre théorie de la 'gestalt organisatrice' ainsi que sur la pensée de Maturana, Colman et Ingold pour offrir un cadre pour la prise en compte des liens troublants entre ce que nous savons de la biodiversité déclinante, des écosystèmes endommagés, de la faillite de systèmes qui étaient auparavant intégrés, et de l'échec de nos manières de concevoir nos relations avec le monde au-delà de l'humain. L'auteur suggère que, pris dans sa globalité, un tel cadre serait remarquablement proche des manières Aborigènes d'être dans le monde. Finalement l'auteur pose la question : qu'est-ce que cela pourrait vouloir dire de penser écologiquement dans notre travail psychanalytique?

En el presente trabajo la autora argumenta acerca del reconocimiento del vínculo implícito, estructural y emocional entre el desarrollo psíquico mental y el mundo más que humano. Ella sugiere que es debido a esta interpenetración que la experiencia de ansiedad por desplazamiento, y sus efectos en nuestra capacidad para pensar y hacer conexiones, es un aspecto subestimado de nuestro constante 'olvido' del síndrome de construcción de la sintomatología de nuestra Tierra. La autora hace uso de su propia teoría de la 'gestalt organizadora' así como del pensamiento de Maturana, Colman e Ingold para ofrecer un marco de referencia para considerar los lazos misteriosos entre lo que sabemos acerca de la desaparición de la biodiversidad, los ecosistemas fracturados y la ruptura de sistemas terrestres previamente integrados, y de nuestros modos de pensar sobre las relaciones con el mundo más que humano. Ella sugiere que, en conjunto, dicho marco de referencia es notablemente similar a los modos de estar en el mundo de los indígenas Australianos. Finalmente, la autora pregunta ¿que podría significar pensar ecológicamente en nuestro trabajo psicoanalítico?

A Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Patterns of CBD Use in Hemp and Marijuana Users.

Background: With the passing of the 2018 Agriculture Improvement Act that legalized hemp-derived products, i.e., cannabidiol (CBD), the use of CBD has increased exponentially. To date, the few studies that have characterized individuals who use CBD suggest that co-use of CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-dominant cannabis, i.e., marijuana, is highly prevalent. It is, therefore, important to investigate the relationship between CBD use and marijuana use to understand the antecedents and consequences of co-use of these two cannabis products. Methods: We conducted an online survey using structured questionnaires to determine differences in CBD users with (CBD+MJ) and without co-morbid marijuana use. Group comparisons were carried out using chi-square tests and ANOVA. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) with bootstrap ratio testing was performed to examine the relationship between the categorical data. Results: We received 182 survey responses from current CBD users. CBD+MJ had more types of CBD administration (F = 17.07, p < 0.001) and longer lifetime duration of CBD use (χ2 = 12.85, p < 0.05). Results from the MCA yielded two statistically significant dimensions that accounted for 77% of the total variance. Dimension 1 (representing 57% of the variance) associated CBD+MJ with indication of CBD use for medical ailments, use of CBD for more than once a day for longer than 2 years, applying CBD topically or consuming it via vaping or edibles, being female, and, having lower educational attainment. Dimension 2 (representing 20% of the variance) separated the groups primarily on smoking-related behaviors where CBD+MJ was associated with smoking CBD and nicotine. Conclusions: Identifying the factors that influence use of CBD and marijuana can inform future studies on the risks and benefits associated with each substance as well as the impacts of policies related to cannabis-based products.

Negative effects of the sea lice therapeutant emamectin benzoate at low concentrations on benthic communities around Scottish fish farms.

Emamectin benzoate is used as an in-feed treatment for the control of sea lice parasites in all of the main farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) facilities worldwide (Norway, Chile, Scotland and Canada). Investigations into its effect on non-target benthic fauna resulting from its excretion from farmed fish and uneaten feed have been limited. This paper presents the findings from a study that intended to assess the impact of emamectin benzoate on benthic fauna using a new low detection method for emamectin benzoate. Eight fish farms in the Shetland Isles, Scotland were surveyed, with sediment sampled along transects radiating from the farms analysed for benthic ecology, sediment chemistry and sediment veterinary medicine residues (analysed for emamectin benzoate and teflubenzuron). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Generalised Linear Mixed Modelling (GLMM) were used to assess which environmental parameters observed during the survey had the biggest effect on benthic community composition and abundance, and more specifically crustacean abundance and richness. Emamectin benzoate was found in 97% of samples, demonstrating widespread dispersion in the sediments sampled. The CCA showed that species composition was predominantly ordinated along a gradient of particle size, with a secondary axis dominated by a change in emamectin benzoate and organic carbon enrichment. Peaks in abundance of crustacean species were predicted to be organised along a gradient of emamectin benzoate concentration. The GLMM corroborated this by showing that emamectin benzoate had the strongest negative effect on total crustacean abundance and species richness, though there was some degree of collinearity with organic carbon, that had a smaller effect. Overall, this study shows that, following its use as an in-feed treatment for sea lice, emamectin benzoate residues are more widely distributed in the benthic environment than previously thought, and have a statistically significant effect on benthic ecology at the concentrations observed in this study.

Apresentando Victor Tausk / Introducing Victor Tausk / Présentation de Victor Tausk

Este artigo busca situar Victor Tausk, clássico autor da psicanálise, dentro do movimento psicanalítico a partir de análises históricas, por meio do entrelaçamento de textos. Tausk, advogado, também atuou com jornalismo e literatura, escrevendo poemas, contos e peças de teatro; conhece Freud a partir de uma crise de depressão que atravessa. A partir daí, a psicanálise passa a fazer parte de sua vida pessoal e profissional. No entanto, seu suicídio fez com que seu nome fosse parar nos limbos da história da psicanálise, como se jamais tivesse existido. Reconstruímos a biografia de Tausk, retirando-o desse lugar em que se encontrava e abordamos outros elementos necessários para constituir o mapa das posições de Tausk na história da psicanálise. Em posse desses elementos, apresentamos uma visão clara do que foram os dez anos de presença de Tausk no movimento psicanalítico de Viena. Esperamos que este artigo traga ao leitor atento um vislumbre da vida e da obra deste grande psicanalista e lhe acenda a curiosidade para buscar lê-lo.

This paper aims to situate Victor Tausk, classic author of psychoanalysis, within the psychoanalytic movement from historical analysis, through the interweaving of texts. Tausk, a lawyer, also worked with journalism and literature, writing poems, short stories, and plays; he meets Freud when he falls ill with a depression crisis. From then on, psychoanalysis became part of his personal and professional life. However, his suicide sent his name into limbo in the history of psychoanalysis, as if it had never existed. We reconstructed his biography, bring him from this place where he was and approached other elements necessary to constitute the map of his positions in the history of psychoanalysis. With these elements in hand, we present a clear idea of what were the ten years of his presence in the Vienna psychoanalytic movement. We hope that this article will bring the attentive reader a glimpse of this great psychoanalyst's life and work and spark his curiosity to seek to read him.

Cet article cherche à situer Victor Tausk, auteur classique de la psychanalyse, dans le mouvement psychanalytique à partir de l'analyse historique, à partir d'une lecture croisée des textes qui se réfèrent à lui. Tausk, formé en droit, ayant exercé dans cette profession, ayant également travaillé comme journaliste, écrivit des poèmes, des nouvelles et des pièces de théâtre. Il rencontre Freud lors d'une crise de dépression qu'il traverse. Dès lors, la psychanalyse fait partie de sa vie personnelle et professionnelle. Cependant, son suicide jette son nom dans les limbes de la psychanalyse, comme s'il n'avait jamais existé. Nous avons reconstruit la biographie de Tausk, en le retirant de ce lieu où il se trouvait et avons abordé d'autres éléments nécessaires pour constituer la charte des positions de Tausk dans l'histoire de la psychanalyse. Nous espérons que cet article apporte au lecteur attentif un aperçu de la vie et de l'œuvre de ce grand psychanalyste et suscitera sa curiosité pour chercher à le lire.

The challenges of editorship: a reflection on editing the Jung-Neumann correspondence.

The complete correspondence between C.G. Jung and Erich Neumann was published in 2015. This article attempts to provide insight into the practical task, as well as the theoretical background, of the editing process. The advantages and possibilities of an unabridged edition with an extensive historical contextualization are demonstrated, and compared to the approach of the editors of the Jung Letters and their selection therein of Jung's letters to Neumann. The practical points under consideration include the establishment of the letter corpus, the ascertainment of dates and the chronological arrangement of the letter exchange, as well as the deciphering of handwritten letters. Theoretical aspects under discussion involve the question of the merits of a critical contextualisation and the position of the editor vis-à-vis the research object. The example of the selecting and editing of Jung's letters to Neumann by Aniela Jaffé and Gerhard Adler reveals how drastically the close ties of those editors with Jung, Neumann, and members of the Zurich analytical circles compromised their editorial work at times. The advantage for an editor being able to work from an historical distance is appreciated.

Standing in the gap: ref lections on translating the Jung-Neumann correspondence.

This paper considers the experience of translating the correspondence between C.G. Jung and Erich Neumann as part of the Philemon series. The translator explores the similarities between analytical work and the task of translation by means of the concepts of the dialectical third and the interactional field. The history and politics of the translation of analytic writing and their consequences for the lingua franca of analysis are discussed. Key themes within the correspondence are outlined, including Jung and Neumann's pre-war exploration of Judaism and the unconscious, the post-war difficulties around the publication of Neumann's Depth Psychology and a New Ethic set against the early years of the C.G. Jung Institute in Zurich, and the development of the correspondents' relationship over time.