Managing venous thrombosis in a pediatric patient with short bowel and congenital nephrotic syndromes: a case report emphasizing rivaroxaban level monitoring.

Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) typically exhibit a predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response at a fixed dose, not necessitating monitoring under standard conditions. Yet, in specific clinical scenarios that can impair it, like Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome (CNS) or Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) due to absorption issues, anti-thrombin III (AT-III) deficiency and non-selective proteinuria, adjusting the dosage to achieve appropriate plasma concentrations could prove beneficial. We report a 3-month-old female with catheter-related jugular thrombosis affected by CNS concomitant to SBS and failure of both treatments with heparin and warfarin, that was switched to dose-adjusted pediatric rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban was adjusted to reach peak levels between 189 and 419 ng/ml and the lower trough levels between 6 and 87 ng/ml. Increasing doses were needed due to SBS related malabsorption but a complete permeabilization of the vein was achieved without bleeding complications. The use of anti-Xa adjusted rivaroxaban could be an alternative to improve anticoagulation and secondary thromboprophylaxis in pediatric patients SBS and an option to children with CNS.

Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: The FAERC Study.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its presence is associated with a higher risk of stroke and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The FAERC study performed a retrospective multicentre analysis of historical cohorts in which data were collected from arrhythmia diagnosis onwards. RESULTS: We analysed a Spanish cohort of 4749 patients with CKD (mean eGFR 33.9 mL/min) followed up in the nephrology clinic, observing a 12.2% prevalence of non-valvular AF. In total, 98.6% of these patients were receiving anticoagulant treatment, mainly with coumarins (79.7%). Using direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) was associated with fewer cerebrovascular events than using acenocoumarol, but in contrast with other studies, we could not corroborate the association of risk of bleeding, coronary events, or death with a type of anticoagulant prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation is highly prevalent in renal patients. Direct-acting anticoagulants seem to be associated with fewer ischemic-embolic complications, with no differences in bleeding, coronary events, or mortality rates.

[Progress of anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation]. / Avances en el tratamiento anticoagulante de la fibrilación auricular.

Atrial fibrillation is currently a very prevalent disease and it represents one of the most common causes of disabling stroke. Antithrombotic therapies have reduced the incidence of this complication although they pose many limitations and difficulties. As a result, a large number of high risk patients do not receive an appropriate treatment. In recent years, four new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) with relevant advantages in comparison to vitaminK antagonists have been released. Four large phaseiii clinical trials have demonstrated that NOAC are at least as safe and efficacious as warfarin in stroke prevention in non-valve atrial fibrillation patients with moderate-high thrombotic risk, being their main advantage the reduction in intracranial hemorrhage. The arrival of these drugs has caused great expectations in the management of these patients but also new doubts. Lacking data in some subgroups of frail patients, the absence of specific antidotes available and specially their high cost represent nowadays the main limitations for their generalization.