Effects of Trauma Cue Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Affect and Cannabis Craving in Cannabis Users With Trauma Histories: Use of Expressive Writing as an Online Cue-Reactivity Paradigm: Effets de l'exposition aux signaux traumatiques et du SSPT sur l'affect et le besoin de cannabis chez les consommateurs de cannabis ayant des antécédents de traumatismes : utilisation de l'écriture expressive comme paradigme de réactivité en ligne.

OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) commonly co-occur. Conditioned associations between psychological trauma cues, distress, cannabis use, and desired relief outcomes may contribute to the comorbidity. These conditioned associations can be studied experimentally by manipulating trauma cue exposure in a cue-reactivity paradigm (CRP) and examining effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in participants with and without PTSD. However, traditional CRPs take place in-lab limiting recruitment/power. We aimed to examine the effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on affective and craving outcomes using a stand-alone online expressive writing CRP. METHODS: Participants (n = 202; 43.6% male; Mage = 42.94 years, SD = 14.71) with psychological trauma histories and past-month cannabis use completed a measure of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist-5 for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and were randomized to complete either a trauma or neutral expressive writing task. Then they completed validated measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form [PANAS-SF]) and cannabis craving (Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form [MCQ-SF]). RESULTS: Linear mixed models tested the hypothesized main and interactive effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on negative and positive affect (PANAS-SF) and cannabis craving dimensions (MCQ-SF). The hypothesized main effects of trauma versus neutral expressive writing were found for negative affect and the expectancy dimension of cannabis craving and of PTSD group for negative affect and all cannabis craving dimensions; no interactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Expressive writing appears a useful online CRP. Interventions focused on reducing negative affect and expectancy craving to trauma cues may prevent/treat CUD among cannabis users with PTSD. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY TITLE: The Use of an Online Expressive Writing as a Trauma Cue Exposure: Effects on Craving and Emotions.

People who have gone through trauma sometimes experience both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a tendency to use cannabis excessively (cannabis use disorder or CUD). Researchers believe that there's a connection between traumatic memories, emotional distress, cannabis use, and the relief people feel afterward. These associations can be studied experimentally by using a cue-reactivity paradigm (CRP) to examine effects on craving and affective outcomes in those with and without PTSD. This study included 202 participants who had a history of trauma and reported regular cannabis use. They were randomly assigned to write about a traumatic or neutral personal experience. After, they filled out questionnaires about their PTSD symptoms, emotions (both positive and negative), and cravings for cannabis during the task. We expected that the type of writing task (those assigned to the trauma vs. neutral condition) and PTSD status would be associated with increased cannabis craving, negative emotions, and reduced positive emotions. We found that writing about trauma increased negative feelings and positive expectations about using cannabis for relief, especially for those with PTSD. People with PTSD also seemed to have more ongoing negative feelings and cravings for cannabis. The authors suggest that traditional in-lab experiments might be necessary to fully understand how trauma reminders can influence cravings and emotions in individuals with PTSD-CUD.

[Terrorist acting out, narcissism and psychopathology of identifications]. / Passage à l'acte terroriste, narcissisme et psychopathologie des identifications.

The impact of wounds and narcissistic conflicts can favour a murderous acting out. From a psychoanalytical point of view, narcissistic positions tinged with cynicism and envy in particular are identified, on a background of a pathology of ideals and the melancholisation of the social link. This article looks back at the attack in Paris in January 2015 through statements taken from social discourse.

Food cravings during the first week of concussion.

The brain utilizes glucose as its main source of energy. Traumatic brain injuries may alter the brain's ability to shuttle glucose effectively; therefore, the symptoms experienced may be a signal of the dysregulation. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the presence of any specific food cravings during the first week post-concussion and if the consumption of such a food decreased the symptoms of concussion. The link to the survey was posted on 4 Canadian organization websites from November 2020 to February 2021. Any individual over 18 years old who had suffered one of more concussions in the past 12 months was included. 73 females and 24 males, the majority aged 18-40 years, completed the survey. Participants with combined carbohydrate and sweet cravings reported significantly more symptoms of increased emotions (p=0.04), irritability (p=0.03), sadness (p=0.04), nervousness (p=0.03), and sleep disturbances (p=0.05) than those without these cravings. Consumption of the craved food did not change the concussion symptoms.

Le cerveau utilise le glucose comme principale source d'énergie. Les lésions cérébrales traumatiques peuvent altérer la capacité du cerveau à transporter le glucose de manière efficace; par conséquent, les symptômes ressentis peuvent être un signal de ce dérèglement. L'objectif de cette étude transversale était d'enquêter sur la présence de toute envie irrésistible de manger un aliment particulier pendant la première semaine suivant la commotion cérébrale et de déterminer si la consommation d'un tel aliment diminuait les symptômes de la commotion. Le lien vers l'enquête a été publié sur les sites Web de 4 organisations canadiennes de novembre 2020 à février 2021. Toute personne de plus de 18 ans ayant subi une ou plusieurs commotions cérébrales au cours des 12 derniers mois était incluse. 73 femmes et 24 hommes, âgés en majorité de 18 à 40 ans, ont répondu à l'enquête. Les participants ayant des envies combinées de glucides et de sucreries ont signalé considérablement plus de symptômes d'augmentation des émotions (p=0,04), d'irritabilité (p=0,03), de tristesse (p=0,04), de nervosité (p=0,03) et de troubles du sommeil (p=0,05) que ceux n'ayant pas ces envies. La consommation de l'aliment objet de l'envie n'a pas modifié les symptômes de la commotion cérébrale.

Resentment - cultural and individual complex.

Resentment is a complex that results from the inability to react to an injustice. The feeling of failure turns into resentment, which incubates until it reaches hatred, indignation and revenge. The unknown parts of the personality, our intolerant side, are relegated to the Shadow. We make a great image of ourselves. It is the Ego Complex. The resentful person feels mistreated by society. He or she has experienced exclusion and physical and mental abuse. When we are resentful, we bring in the god Hephaestus, excluded by both parents. The archetype is manifested by revenge. This complex is characterized by a tetralogy: Ego Complex, Intolerance, Sectarianism, Emotions of revenge and envy.

Le ressentiment est un complexe qui résulte de l'incapacité à réagir à une injustice. Le sentiment d'échec se transforme en ressentiment, qui incube jusqu'à atteindre la haine, l'indignation, et la revanche. Les parties inconnues de la personnalité - notre côté intolérant - sont reléguées dans l'Ombre. Nous construisons une image très valorisée de nous-même. C'est le complexe du Moi. La personne pleine de ressentiment se sent maltraitée par la société. Elle a fait l'expérience de l'exclusion et de l'abus au niveau physique et mental. Quand nous sommes dans le ressentiment, nous introduisons le dieu Héphaestos, exclu par ses deux parents. L'archétype est manifesté par la revanche. Ce complexe est caractérisé par une tétralogie: Complexe du Moi, Intolérance, Sectarisme, Emotions de revanche et d'envie.

El resentimiento es un complejo que resulta de la incapacidad para reaccionar a una injusticia. El sentimiento de fracaso se vuelve rencor, el cual se incuba hasta llegar al odio, indignación y venganza. Las partes desconocidas de la personalidad, nuestro lado intolerante, son relegadas a la Sombra. Elaboramos una imagen grandiosa de nosotros mismos. Es el Complejo del Ego. El resentido se siente maltratado por la sociedad. Ha sufrido exclusión y maltratos físicos y psíquicos. Cuando estamos resentidos, traemos al dios Hefesto, excluido por ambos padres. El arquetipo se manifiesta por la venganza. Este Complejo se caracteriza por una tetralogía: Complejo del Ego. Intolerancia. Sectarismo, Emociones de venganza y envidia.

O ressentimento é um complexo que resulta da incapacidade de reagir a uma injustiça. O sentimento de fracasso se transforma em ressentimento, que incuba até atingir ódio, indignação e vingança. As partes desconhecidas da personalidade, nosso lado intolerante, são relegadas à Sombra. Fazemos uma ótima imagem de nós mesmos. É o Complexo Ego. A pessoa ressentida se sente maltratada pela sociedade. Ele sofreu exclusão e abuso físico e mental. Quando estamos ressentidos, trazemos o deus Hefesto, excluído por ambos os pais. O arquétipo se manifesta por vingança. Este complexo é caracterizado por uma tetralogia: Complexo do Ego, Intolerância, Sectarismo, Emoções de vingança e inveja.

Inveja e gratidão: flutuações da criatividade e esperança no mundo psíquico / Envie et gratitude: fluctuations de la créativité et de l'espoir dans le monde psychique / Envy and gratitude: Fluctuations of creativity and hope in the psychic world / Envidia y gratitud: fluctuaciones de creatividad y esperanza en el mundo psíquico

Este artigo pretende discutir o texto seminal de Melanie Klein, Inveja e gratidão (1957), no intuito de articulá-lo com os fenômenos da esperança, desesperança, criatividade e destrutividade. Na leitura realizada, observamos que a inveja é um solo fértil para o crescimento da desesperança e destrutividade. Enquanto a capacidade de ter gratidão pode levar o indivíduo a ser esperançoso e ter uma vida criativa, o contrário seria possível? Ser invejoso e ao mesmo tempo ter criatividade e esperança? Com base no dualismo pulsional freudiano, do qual Klein não abriu mão na construção da sua metapsicologia, respondemos que sim, primordialmente a partir da introjeção do objeto bom, que possibilita a elaboração da inveja, elemento que enfatizaremos a partir da figura do analista no processo clínico. Para elucidarmos cada um desses elementos, iremos utilizar o conto "A legião estrangeira" de Clarice Lispector (1999) como fio condutor ao longo de todo o texto.

Resumos This article aims to discuss Melanie Klein's seminal text, "Envy and gratitude" (1957), in order to articulate it with the phenomena of hope, hopelessness, creativity, and destructiveness. In ours readings, we observed that envy is a fertile soil for the growth of hopelessness and destructiveness. While the ability to have gratitude can lead an individual to be hopeful and have a creative life. Would the opposite be possible? To be envious and at the same time creative and hopeful? Based on Freudian Dualism drive, which Klein did not give up in the construction of her metapsychology, we answer yes, primarily from the introjection of the good object, which allows the elaboration of envy, an element that we will emphasize from the figure of the analyst in the clinical process. To elucidate each of these elements, we will use the short story "The foreign legion" by Clarice Lispector (1999) as a guiding thread throughout the text.

Cet article discute le texte fondateur de Melanie Klein, "Envie et gratitude" 27 (1957), afin de l'articuler avec les phénomènes de l'espoir, du désespoir, de la créativité et de la destructivité. Au cours de notre lecture, nous avons observé que l'envie est un terreau fertile pour la croissance du désespoir et de la destructivité. En revanche, la capacité à être reconnaisant peut conduire les individus à être plein d'espoir et à mener une vie créative. Le contraire serait-il possible? Être envieux et en même temps créatif et plein d'espoir? Sur la base du dualisme pulsionnel freudien, que Klein n'a pas abandonné dans la construction de sa métapsychologie, nous répondons par l'affirmative, notamment par l'introjection du bon objet qui permet d'élaborer l'envie, élément que nous soulignerons à travers la figure de l'analyste dans le processus clinique. Afin d'élucider chacun de ces éléments, nous utiliserons la nouvelle "La Légion étrangère" (1999) de Clarice Lispector comme fil conducteur tout au long du texte.

Este artículo pretende discutir el texto fundamental de Melanie Klein, "Envidia y gratitud" (1957), para articularlo con los fenómenos de esperanza, desesperanza, creatividad y destructividad. En la lectura realizada se observa que la envidia es un campo fértil para el crecimiento de la desesperanza y la destructividad. Mientras que la capacidad de expresar gratitud puede llevar al individuo a tener esperanza y tener una vida creativa. ¿Sería posible lo contrario? ¿Ser envidioso y al mismo tiempo tener creatividad y esperanza? Partiendo del dualismo pulsional freudiano, al que Klein no abandonó en la construcción de su metapsicología, este texto responde que es posible esto, principalmente desde la introyección del objeto bueno, que posibilita la elaboración de la envidia, elemento que se enfatizará a partir de la figura del analista en el proceso clínico. Para dilucidar cada uno de estos elementos se utiliza el cuento "La legión extranjera", de Clarice Lispector (1999), como hilo conductor a lo largo del texto.

Luna, uma personalidade flagelada: relato e comentários sobre um caso clínico / Luna, a stricken personality: report and comments on a clinical case / Luna, una personalidad flagelada: informe y comentarios sobre un caso clínico / Luna, une personnalité flagellée: récit et commentaires concernant un cas clinique

A proposta deste trabalho é relatar e comentar uma experiência clínica na qual o estado mental invejoso, como manifestação externa da pulsão de morte, teve lugar de destaque. O fio condutor escolhido pela autora destaca o predomínio dos impulsos destrutivos, os quais, além de causarem muito sofrimento à analisanda, se manifestaram através de ataques ao vínculo psicanalítico. A autora conjectura que o malogro da continuidade da relação terapêutica decorreu da intolerância à dependência receptiva, uma vez que a ligação era experimentada como humilhação. Discorre sobre a implicância e a obscuridade do conceito de pulsão de morte, subjacente aos conceitos utilizados para a compreensão do caso.

The purpose of this paper is to report and comment on a clinical experience in which the envious mental state, as an external manifestation of the death drive, had a prominent place. The common thread chosen by the author highlighted the predominance of destructive impulses, which, in addition to causing much suffering to the analysand, manifested themselves through attacks on the psychoanalytic bond. She conjectured that the failure of the continuity of the therapeutic relationship was due to an intolerance to receptive dependence, since the connection was experienced as humiliation. The author commented on the implication and obscurity of the concept of death drive, underlying the concepts used to understand the case.

El propósito de este trabajo es informar y comentar una experiencia clínica en la que el estado mental envidioso, como manifestación externa de la pulsión de muerte, tuvo un lugar destacado. El hilo conductor elegido por el autor destacó el predominio de los impulsos destructivos, que además de causar mucho sufrimiento al analizando, se manifestaron a través de ataques al vínculo psicoanalítico. Conjeturó que el fracaso de la continuidad de la relación terapéutica se debía a una intolerancia a la dependencia receptiva, ya que la conexión se vivía como una humillación. La autora comentó sobre la implicación y oscuridad del concepto de pulsión de muerte, subyacente a los conceptos utilizados para entender el caso.

Le but de cet article est de narrer et de commenter une expérience clinique dans laquelle l’état mental envieux, en tant qu’une manifestation externe de la pulsion de mort, a pris une place prépondérante. Le fil conducteur choisi par l’autrice a mis en évidence la prédominance des pulsions destructrices, ce qui, en plus de causer beaucoup de souffrance à l’analysant, s’est manifesté par des atteintes au lien psychanalytique. L’autrice a conjecturé que l’échec de la continuité de la relation thérapeutique a été dû à une intolérance à la dépendance réceptive, puisque la connexion était vécue comme une humiliation. Elle a commenté l’implication et l’obscurité du concept de pulsion de mort, sous-jacent aux concepts utilisés pour comprendre le cas.

Da criatividade às criações: uma viagem na companhia de Winnicott, Bion, De M'Uzan e Anzieu / From creativity to creations: a journey in the company of Winnicott, Bion, de M'Uzan, and Anzieu / De la creatividad a las creaciones: un viaje en compañía de Winnicott, Bion, de M'Uzan y Anzieu / De la créativité aux créations: un voyage en compagnie de Winnicott, Bion, de M'Uzan et Anzieu

A partir da questão da criatividade, tal como pode ser identificada no pensamento de Winnicott e de Bion, apresentaremos algumas ideias sobre a criação - a decolagem criativa -, tomando por interlocutores os psicanalistas franceses Michel de M'Uzan e Didier Anzieu. Trabalharemos com a criação nas artes, na literatura, nas ciências e nas próprias teorias psicanalíticas. Veremos como a inveja inconsciente extravia ou obstrui o processo criativo.

Starting from the issue of creativity as it may be identified in Winnicott's and Bion's thinking, we will present some ideas on creation - a creative takeoff - by using the French psychoanalysts Michel de M'Uzan and Didier Anzieu as interlocutors. We will work with creation in the Arts, Literature, Science, and Psychoanalytic Theories. We will also examine how unconscious envy misleads or obstructs the creative process.

A partir del tema de la creatividad, tal como se puede identificar en los pensamientos de Winnicott y Bion, presentaremos algunas ideas sobre la creación - el despegue creativo - tomando como interlocutores a los psicoanalistas franceses Michel de M'Uzan y Didier Anzieu. Vamos a trabajar con la creación en las artes, la literatura, la ciencia y en las teorías psicoanalíticas. También veremos cómo la envidia inconsciente extravía, u obstruye, el proceso creativo.

À partir de la question de créativité, comme on peut l'identifier dans les idées de Winnicott et Bion, présenterons quelques idées concernant la création - le décollage créatif - en prenant comme interlocuteurs les psychanalystes français Michel de M'Uzan et Didier Anzieu. Nous travaillerons avec la création dans les arts, la littérature, la science et les théories psychanalytiques. Nous verrons aussi comment l'envie inconsciente peut égarer ou obstruer le processus de création.

História de uma análise interrompida / Story of an interrupted psychoanalysis / Historia de un análisis interrumpido / Histoire d'une psychothérapie interrompue

A brusca interrupção de um processo analítico remete o autor a uma reflexão, em que constata indícios de hostilidade surgidos no vínculo com o paciente, ressaltando-se a importância do binômio inveja-gratidão. O analista correlaciona aspectos de inveja e ressentimento, experimentados pelo analisando, com o comprometimento da capacidade de sonhar a dois e o prejuízo para a evolução do trabalho. Aborda ainda a teorização sobre a função desobjetalizante como elemento essencial para uma compreensão atual do conceito de pulsão de morte.

The sudden interruption of a psychoanalytic process leads the author to this written reflection. He notices evidences of hostility which has arisen from his relationship with the patient. The author highlights the importance of the envy- gratitude binomial. He relates the feelings of envy and resentment the patient experiences to the hindering of their abitlity to “dream together”, and therefore, the hindering of the analytic work and its progress. The author deals with the theory of the disobjectalizing function as a vital element to today's comprehension of the concept of death drive.

La interrupción brusca de un análisis remite al autor a una reflexión en la que constata indicios de hostilidad surgidos en el vínculo, señalando la importancia del binomio envidia-gratitud. El analista correlaciona aspectos de envidia y resentimiento, experimentados por el paciente, que compromete la capacidad de “soñar a dos” y el perjuicio para la evolución del trabajo. Aborda también la teorización sobre la función desobjetalizante como elemento esencial para una comprensión actual del concepto de pulsión de muerte.

La brusque interruption d'un processus analytique mène l'auteur à une réflexion où il constate des indices d'hostilité surgis dans le lien établi avec le patient, en soulignant l'importance du binôme envie-gratitude. L'analyste met en corrélation des aspects d'envie et de ressentiment éprouvés par l'analysant avec l'endommagement de la capacité de « rêver à deux ¼ et la détérioration du travail. Il aborde encore la théorisation concernant la fonction désobjectalisante en tant qu'un élément essentiel pour une compréhension actuel du concept de la pulsion de mort.

La gratitud: una cualidad natural

En este artículo se conceptúa la gratitud como un afecto cuya definición es la capacidad del individuo de agradecer, de poder reconocer los dones recibidos por un bienhechor. Se discute la epigénesis y evolución de la gratitud junto con otros procesos psíquicos como gratitud y defensas, gratitud y sentimientos de culpa, gratitud y otras cualidades humanas, gratitud y envidia, para concluir con cúal es la función de la gratitud en el proceso de psicoterapia psicoanalítca.

Neste artigo conceitua-se a gratidão como um afeto cuja definição é a capacidade de o indivíduo agradecer, poder reconhecer os benefícios recebidos de um benfeitor. Discute-se a epigênese e evolução da gratidão junto com outros processos psíquicos como: gratidão e defesa; gratidão e sentimentos de culpa; gratidão e outras qualidades humanas; gratidão e inveja, para concluir com qual é a função da gratidão no processo de psicoterapia psicanalítica.

Dans cet article, la gratitude est conceptualisée comme un affect dont la définition est la capacité de l’individu à remercier, à pouvoir reconnaître les bénéfices reçus d’un bienfaiteur. On y discute l’épigenèse et l’évolution de la gratitude conjointement avec d’autres processus psychiques tels que la gratitude et la défense, la gratitude et les sentiments de culpabilité, la gratitude et d’autres qualités humaines, la gratitude et l’envie, et pour conclure quelle est la fonction de la gratitude dans le processus de psychothérapie psychanalytique.

Gratitude is conceived of here as a feeling derived from an individual’s capacity for being grateful, of recognizing gifts received from a benefactor. The epigenesis and evolution of gratitude are discussed, together with other psychic processes, such as defenses,guilt feelings,envy and other human traits. The objective is to determine the function of gratitude in the field of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.