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1.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 290, 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38627629

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Flesh firmness is a critical factor that influences fruit storability, shelf-life and consumer's preference as well. However, less is known about the key genetic factors that are associated with flesh firmness in fresh fruits like watermelon. RESULTS: In this study, through bulk segregant analysis (BSA-seq), we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that influenced variations in flesh firmness among recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from cross between the Citrullus mucosospermus accession ZJU152 with hard-flesh and Citrullus lanatus accession ZJU163 with soft-flesh. Fine mapping and sequence variations analyses revealed that ethylene-responsive factor 1 (ClERF1) was the most likely candidate gene for watermelon flesh firmness. Furthermore, several variations existed in the promoter region between ClERF1 of two parents, and significantly higher expressions of ClERF1 were found in hard-flesh ZJU152 compared with soft-flesh ZJU163 at key developmental stages. DUAL-LUC and GUS assays suggested much stronger promoter activity in ZJU152 over ZJU163. In addition, the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping datasets of RIL populations and germplasm accessions further supported ClERF1 as a possible candidate gene for fruit flesh firmness variability and the hard-flesh genotype might only exist in wild species C. mucosospermus. Through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual luciferase assay, we found that ClERF1 could directly bind to the promoters of auxin-responsive protein (ClAux/IAA) and exostosin family protein (ClEXT) and positively regulated their expressions influencing fruit ripening and cell wall biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that ClERF1 encoding an ethylene-responsive factor 1 is associated with flesh firmness in watermelon and provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of flesh firmness, and the ClERF1 gene is potentially applicable to the molecular improvement of fruit-flesh firmness by design breeding.


Assuntos
Citrullus , Citrullus/genética , Citrullus/metabolismo , Melhoramento Vegetal , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Frutas/genética , Etilenos/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética
2.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 841, 2024 Sep 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39243060

RESUMO

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of melatonin applications on postharvest quality changes of organic and conventionally grown plum fruit. Melatonin was applied in 0, 50, and 100 µmol L- 1 for organic and conventional samples. The fruits were stored at + 2.0 °C and 90% relative humidity for 28 days. During the storage period, the color, weight loss, firmness, Soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, total antioxidant content, and total phenolics were evaluated at 7-day intervals. While no effect of melatonin applications on weight loss of organically grown plums was observed, it was determined that weight loss decreased as the dose of melatonin increased in conventionally grown plums. The lowest weight loss during storage was determined in conventionally grown plums treated with 100 µmolL- 1 melatonin. It was observed that the firmness values decreased as the storage period increased in both cultivation methods. The firmness decreased as the dose of melatonin application increased in organically grown plums, while the firmness increased as the dose of melatonin application increased in conventional cultivation. Melatonin application did not positively affect SSC, pH, and color values. However, it was determined that the mean TA values decreased as the dose of melatonin increased in both cultivation methods. When the total phenol content of organic and conventional plums was examined, it was determined that melatonin application decreased the number of phenolic compounds. The highest phenolic content was determined in the control samples. The total amount of antioxidants was 1.71 µmol TE g- 1 on the 28th day in the highest (100 µmol L- 1) melatonin-treated conventionally grown plums.


Assuntos
Armazenamento de Alimentos , Frutas , Melatonina , Prunus domestica , Melatonina/farmacologia , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Frutas/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/química , Prunus domestica/efeitos dos fármacos , Prunus domestica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fenóis/metabolismo , Agricultura Orgânica/métodos
3.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 795, 2024 Aug 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39174967

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The changes in the physical structures of the products are the first things that consumers pay attention to. Therefore, it is essential and significant importance to take measures to improve the storage conditions of products and to minimize quality losses. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of agro-ecological conditions on bioactive compounds and fruit quality of kiwifruit during cold storage. The 'Hayward' kiwifruit cultivar grown in Ordu, Giresun, Samsun, Rize, and Yalova provinces of Türkiye were kept at 0 ± 0.5 °C and relative humidity of 90 ± 5% for 150 d. RESULTS: The kiwifruit obtained from the provinces of Yalova, Ordu, and Giresun experienced the least weight loss during cold storage. Kiwifruit from Samsun and Yalova provinces had the lowest fruit firmness, while those from Giresun had the highest on 150th d. The changes were observed in the skin and flesh colors of the kiwifruit belonging to all cultivation areas. The amount of vitamin C increased throughout the study in all ecological conditions, but the Yalova province's kiwifruit was found to have the highest levels. Additionally, in all ecologies, kiwifruit showed an increase in antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, all known to have beneficial effects on human health. The total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were highest in the kiwifruit of Yalova province, but the total flavonoids were found in the kiwifruit of Rize and Ordu provinces. CONCLUSION: The study's results revealed that kiwifruit's bioactive compounds and quality parameters may vary depending on the cultivation area. Additionally, it can be stated that Yalova province kiwifruit experiences the least amount of postharvest quality losses.


Assuntos
Actinidia , Temperatura Baixa , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Frutas , Actinidia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Actinidia/química , Actinidia/fisiologia , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/química , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Agricultura/métodos
4.
BMC Plant Biol ; 24(1): 574, 2024 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38890583

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fruit cracking impacts the quality of sweet cherry, significantly affecting its marketability due to increased susceptibility to injury, aesthetic flaws, and susceptibility to pathogens. The effect of 1% biofilm (Parka™) application regimes on fruit cracking and other quality parameters in the '0900 Ziraat' cherry cultivar was investigated in this study. Fruit sprayed with water were served as control (U1). Fruit treated only once with biofilm three, two and one week before the commercial harvest were considered as U2, U3 and U4, respectively. Fruit treated with biofilm three, two, and one week before harvest were considered as U5; three and two week before harvest as U6; two and one week before harvest as U7; and fruit treated three and one week before harvest as U8. RESULTS: In both measurement periods, the lower cracking index was obtained in biofilm-treated sweet cherry fruit. However, the firmness of biofilm-treated fruit was higher than that of the control fruit. The lowest respiration rate was observed in U7, while the highest weight was recorded in U4 and U5 than the control. The biofilm application decreased fruit coloration. The biofilm application also increased the soluble solids content of the fruit. The U2, U3 and U4 applications at harvest showed higher titratable acidity than the control. In both measurement periods, the vitamin C content of the U2, U5, U6, U7 and U8 applications was found to be higher than that of the control. The total monomeric anthocyanin of the U3 and U8 applications was higher than that of the control. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the U2, U3 and U5 in the DPPH, and the U7 and U8 in FRAP were measured higher thanthat of the control. CONCLUSIONS: The application of biofilms has the potential to mitigate fruit cracking, prolong postharvest life of sweet cherries, and enhance fruit firmness.


Assuntos
Biofilmes , Frutas , Prunus avium , Frutas/microbiologia , Frutas/fisiologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Prunus avium/fisiologia , Prunus avium/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo
5.
Plant Biotechnol J ; 22(6): 1622-1635, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38415985

RESUMO

Fruit firmness is an important trait in sweet cherry breeding because it directly positively influences fruit transportability, storage and shelf life. However, the underlying genes responsible and the molecular mechanisms that control fruit firmness remain unknown. In this study, we identified a candidate gene, PavSCPL, encoding a serine carboxypeptidase-like protein with natural allelic variation, that controls fruit firmness in sweet cherry using map-based cloning and functionally characterized PavSCPL during sweet cherry fruit softening. Genetic analysis revealed that fruit firmness in the 'Rainier' × 'Summit' F1 population was controlled by a single dominant gene. Bulked segregant analysis combined with fine mapping narrowed the candidate gene to a 473-kb region (7418778-7 891 914 bp) on chromosome 6 which included 72 genes. The candidate gene PavSCPL, and a null allele harbouring a 5244-bp insertion in the second exon that completely inactivated PavSCPL expression and resulted in the extra-hard-flesh phenotype, were identified by RNA-sequencing analysis and gene cloning. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the PavSCPL expression level was increased with fruit softening. Virus-induced gene silencing of PavSCPL enhanced fruit firmness and suppressed the activities of certain pectin-degrading enzymes in the fruit. In addition, we developed functional molecular markers for PavSCPL and the Pavscpl5.2-k allele that co-segregated with the fruit firmness trait. Overall, this research identified a crucial functional gene for fruit firmness. The results provide insights into the genetic control and molecular mechanism of the fruit firmness trait and present useful molecular markers for molecular-assisted breeding for fruit firmness in sweet cherry.


Assuntos
Carboxipeptidases , Frutas , Proteínas de Plantas , Prunus avium , Frutas/genética , Prunus avium/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Carboxipeptidases/genética , Carboxipeptidases/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Alelos , Genes de Plantas/genética
6.
Plant Biotechnol J ; 22(9): 2379-2394, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38623687

RESUMO

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stands as one of the most valuable vegetable crops globally, and fruit firmness significantly impacts storage and transportation. To identify genes governing tomato firmness, we scrutinized the firmness of 266 accessions from core collections. Our study pinpointed an ethylene receptor gene, SlEIN4, located on chromosome 4 through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fruit firmness in the 266 tomato core accessions. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A → G) of SlEIN4 distinguished lower (AA) and higher (GG) fruit firmness genotypes. Through experiments, we observed that overexpression of SlEIN4AA significantly delayed tomato fruit ripening and dramatically reduced fruit firmness at the red ripe stage compared with the control. Conversely, gene editing of SlEIN4AA with CRISPR/Cas9 notably accelerated fruit ripening and significantly increased fruit firmness at the red ripe stage compared with the control. Further investigations revealed that fruit firmness is associated with alterations in the microstructure of the fruit pericarp. Additionally, SlEIN4AA positively regulates pectinase activity. The transient transformation assay verified that the SNP (A → G) on SlEIN4 caused different genetic effects, as overexpression of SlEIN4GG increased fruit firmness. Moreover, SlEIN4 exerts a negative regulatory role in tomato ripening by impacting ethylene evolution through the abundant expression of ethylene pathway regulatory genes. This study presents the first evidence of the role of ethylene receptor genes in regulating fruit firmness. These significant findings will facilitate the effective utilization of firmness and ripening traits in tomato improvement, offering promising opportunities for enhancing tomato storage and transportation capabilities.


Assuntos
Frutas , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Proteínas de Plantas , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Superfície Celular , Solanum lycopersicum , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Edição de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
J Exp Bot ; 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39086268

RESUMO

Changes in both lignin biosynthesis and DNA methylation have been reported to be associated with chilling stress in plants. When stored at low temperatures, red-fleshed loquat is prone to lignification, with increased lignin content and fruit firmness, which has deleterious effects on taste and eating quality. Here, we found that 5°C storage mitigated the increasing firmness and lignin content of red-fleshed 'Dahongpao' ('DHP') loquat fruit that occurred during 0°C storage. EjNAC5 was identified by integrating RNA sequencing with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis of 'DHP' loquat fruit. The transcript levels of EjNAC5 were positively correlated with changes in firmness and negatively correlated with changes in DNA methylation level of a differentially methylated region (DMR) in the EjNAC5 promoter. In white-fleshed 'Baisha' ('BS') loquat fruit, which do not undergo chilling-induced lignification at 0°C, the transcripts of EjNAC5 remained low and the methylation levels of the DMR in the EjNAC5 promoter was higher, compared to 'DHP' loquat fruit. Transient overexpression of EjNAC5 in loquat fruit and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis and liverwort led to an increase in lignin content. Furthermore, EjNAC5 interacts with EjERF39 and EjHB1 and activates the transcription of Ej4CL1 and EjPRX12 genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. This regulatory network involves different TFs to those involved in lignification pathway. Our study indicates that EjNAC5 promoter methylation modulates EjNAC5 transcript levels and identifies novel EjNAC5-EjERF39-Ej4CL1 and EjNAC5-EjHB1-EjPRX12 regulatory modules involved in chilling induced-lignification.

8.
Molecules ; 29(13)2024 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38998906

RESUMO

The effects of normal (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and postharvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) before CA storage for 5 months on the volatilome, biochemical composition and quality of 'Golden Delicious' (GD) and 'Red Delicious' (RD) apples were studied. Apples stored under NA and CA maintained and 1-MCP treatment increased firmness in both cultivars. NA storage resulted in a decrease of glucose, sucrose and fructose levels in both cultivars. When compared to CA storage, 1-MCP treatment caused a more significant decrease in sucrose levels and an increase in glucose levels. Additionally, 1-MCP-treated apples exhibited a significant decrease in malic acid content for both cultivars. All storage conditions led to significant changes in the abundance and composition of the volatilome in both cultivars. GD and RD apples responded differently to 1-MCP treatment compared to CA storage; higher abundance of hexanoate esters and (E,E)-α-farnesene was observed in RD apples treated with 1-MCP. While 1-MCP was effective in reducing (E,E)-α-farnesene abundance in GD apples, its impact on RD apples was more limited. However, for both cultivars, all storage conditions resulted in lower levels of 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate and hexyl acetate. The effectiveness of 1-MCP is cultivar dependent, with GD showing better results than RD.


Assuntos
Armazenamento de Alimentos , Malus , Malus/química , Malus/metabolismo , Ciclopropanos/farmacologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Sacarose/metabolismo , Malatos , Sesquiterpenos/análise , Glucose/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismo , Frutose/análise
9.
Curr Issues Mol Biol ; 45(4): 3419-3433, 2023 Apr 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37185748

RESUMO

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural cash crop and its quality traits directly affect consumer choice and market price. These traits are controlled by genetic as well as environmental factors. In this study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping strategy was used to identify the potential genetic loci controlling quality traits of melons (i.e., exocarp and pericarp firmness and soluble solid content) based on newly derived whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (SNP-CAPS) markers. Specifically, SNPs of two melon varieties, M4-5 and M1-15, as revealed by whole-genome sequencing, were converted to the CAPS markers, which were used to construct a genetic linkage map comprising 12 chromosomes with a total length of 1414.88 cM, in the F2 population of M4-5 and M1-15. The six identified QTLs included: SSC6.1 and SSC11.1 related to soluble solid content; EF12.1 associated with exocarp firmness; and EPF3.1, EPF3.2 and EPF7.1 related to edible pericarp firmness. These genes were located on five chromosomes (3, 6, 7, 11, and 12) in the flanking regions of the CAPS markers. Moreover, the newly developed CAPS markers will be useful in guiding genetic engineering and molecular breeding in melon.

10.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 63(8): 1143-1154, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34351808

RESUMO

Fruit firmness is of vital importance in various links of the fruit supply chain, such as determining harvest time, choosing packaging and transportation methods, regulating storage conditions and predicting shelf life. Portable devices are useful tools to perform on-site measurements of fruit firmness to guide production, optimize processing procedures, improve handling practices and formulate supply strategies. This paper reviews the recent advances in the design and development of portable devices to evaluate fruit firmness based on sensing mechanical, sonic, vibrational and optical properties of fruits. The principle, structure, composition, application and performance of different portable devices are presented. Since each sensor has its merits and limitations, the integration of multiple microsensors to develop a miniaturized, low-cost and facile-operation device may achieve higher sensing performance in determining fruit firmness.


Assuntos
Frutas , Vibração , Frutas/química
11.
Phytother Res ; 37(5): 1900-1910, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36510399

RESUMO

Endogenous and exogenous factors can alter the skin layer and appearance, determining skin aging. The extracts and isolated molecules from food matrixes can be used to formulate "healthy" antiaging cosmetics. Two different cosmetic approaches can be used to achieve the antiaging effect. It is possible to use topical products based on food extract (cosmeceutical approach) or take a food supplement and apply a topical cosmetic product based on food extract on the surface to be treated (nutricosmetic approach). This work evaluated in vivo the antiaging potential of a nutricosmetic formulation (cream + food supplement) and a cosmeceutical cream based on Curcuma. The choice of the commercial Curcuma extract to be used for experimental purposes was based on the curcuminoid content determined by an HPLC test. Curcuminoids are the bioactive compounds responsible for Curcuma's antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Their levels in Curcuma extracts vary according to the storage condition, variety, and pedoclimatic cultivation conditions. The Tewameter® TM300 was used to evaluate the Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL), the Corneometer® CM 825 to determine the moisturizing effect, the Cutometer® to estimate the skin firmness and elasticity, the Dermascan to assess the collagen index, and the Visioface® 1000D to evaluate the wrinkles. The nutricosmetic product showed potential as moisturizing, anti-age, and anti-wrinkle action better than the cosmeceutical product alone.


Assuntos
Cosmecêuticos , Cosméticos , Envelhecimento da Pele , Cosmecêuticos/farmacologia , Curcuma , Pele , Epiderme
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(4)2023 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36834547

RESUMO

Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins, are widespread throughout the plant kingdom, presenting diverse biological and biochemical activities. Being one of the most abundant groups of natural polyphenolic antioxidant, PAs are applied to improve plant tolerance to (a)biotic stresses and delay the senescence of fruit by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing antioxidant responses. The effects of PAs on coloring and softening of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a worldwide demanded edible fruit and typical material for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening, were firstly assessed in this work. The results showed that exogenous PAs delayed the decrease in fruit firmness and anthocyanins accumulation but improved the fruit skin brightness. Strawberries treated with PAs had similar total soluble solids, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, but lower titratable acidity content. Moreover, the contents of endogenous PAs, abscisic acid and sucrose, were somehow increased by PA treatment, while no obvious change was found in fructose and glucose content. In addition, the anthocyanin- and firmness-related genes were significantly repressed, while the PA biosynthetic gene (anthocyanin reductase, ANR) was highly up-regulated by PA treatment at the key point for fruit softening and coloring. In summary, the results presented in this study suggest that PAs slow down strawberry coloration and softening by inhibiting the expression of related genes, which could be helpful for a better understanding of the biological role of PAs and provide a new strategy to regulate strawberry ripening.


Assuntos
Fragaria , Proantocianidinas , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Fragaria/genética , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Frutas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(17)2023 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37686025

RESUMO

Fruit softening is a crucial factor that controls shelf life and commercial value. Pectate lyase (PL) has a major role in strawberry fruit softening. However, the PL gene family in strawberry has not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, 65 FaPL genes were identified in the octoploid strawberry genome. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that FaPLs are mostly localized to the extracellular and cytoplasmic spaces. Duplication event analysis suggested that FaPL gene family expansion is mainly driven by whole genome or segmental duplication. The FaPL family members were classified into six groups according to the phylogenetic analysis. Among them, FaPL1, 3, 5, 20, 25, 42, and 57 had gradually increased expressions during strawberry fruit development and ripening and higher expression levels in the fruits with less firmness than that in firmer fruit. This result suggested that these members are involved in strawberry softening. Furthermore, overexpression of FaPL1 significantly reduced the fruit firmness, ascorbic acid (AsA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but obviously increased the anthocyanins, soluble proteins, and titratable acidity (TA), while it had no apparent effects on flavonoids, phenolics, and soluble sugar content. These findings provide basic information on the FaPL gene family for further functional research and indicate that FaPL1 plays a vital role in strawberry fruit softening.


Assuntos
Fragaria , Fragaria/genética , Antocianinas , Filogenia , Ácido Ascórbico
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(4)2023 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36835199

RESUMO

Spain is the world's leading producer of cherimoya, a climacteric fruit highly appreciated by consumers. However, this fruit species is very sensitive to chilling injury (CI), which limits its storage. In the present experiments, the effects of melatonin applied as dipping treatment on cherimoya fruit CI, postharvest ripening and quality properties were evaluated during storage at 7 °C + 2 days at 20 °C. The results showed that melatonin treatments (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mM) delayed CI, ion leakage, chlorophyll losses and the increases in total phenolic content and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in cherimoya peel for 2 weeks with respect to controls. In addition, the increases in total soluble solids and titratable acidity in flesh tissue were also delayed in melatonin-treated fruit, and there was also reduced firmness loss compared with the control, the highest effects being found for the 0.05 mM dose. This treatment led to maintenance of fruit quality traits and to increases in the storage time up to 21 days, 14 days more than the control fruit. Thus, melatonin treatment, especially at 0.05 mM concentration, could be a useful tool to decrease CI damage in cherimoya fruit, with additional effects on retarding postharvest ripening and senescence processes and on maintaining quality parameters. These effects were attributed to a delay in the climacteric ethylene production, which was delayed for 1, 2 and 3 weeks for 0.01, 0.1 and 0.05 mM doses, respectively. However, the effects of melatonin on gene expression and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene production deserves further research.


Assuntos
Annona , Melatonina , Melatonina/farmacologia , Frutas/metabolismo , Annona/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Etilenos/metabolismo
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(1)2023 Dec 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38203428

RESUMO

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays important roles in plant development, including the maintenance of fruit quality when applied as postharvest treatment. However, little information is available about the effects of preharvest GABA treatments. Thus, GABA (10, 50 and 100 mM) was applied as foliar spray at key points of fruit development in three sweet cherry cultivars and over two years. The results show that quality parameters, such as total soluble solid content, titratable acidity and firmness were higher in the fruit from GABA-treated trees than in the controls, either at harvest or during four weeks of cold storage. In addition, the total phenolic and total and individual anthocyanin concentrations were also enhanced by GABA treatments and the fruit color was improved. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase were also enhanced by the GABA treatments. The most effective concentration was 50 mM, which led to extending the storage period of sweet cherries with high quality traits to up to four weeks, while for the controls this was two weeks. Thus, GABA treatment had a clear effect on delaying the postharvest ripening and senescence processes in sweet cherries, with an additional effect on enhancing the content of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and anthocyanins, with antioxidant properties and health benefits.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Prunus avium , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Peroxidases , Fenóis/farmacologia , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico
16.
J Sci Food Agric ; 2023 Nov 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37969044

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Retting is a key step of cassava processing into widely consumed foods (fufu, chikwangue, miondo and bobolo) in sub-Saharan Africa. For some populations, retting ability is a major quality criterion that drives the adoption of new cassava varieties. Despite this importance, the physiological basis associated with this process remains poorly understood, and should lead to improved screening tools for breeding. Eight cassava varieties contrasting in retting ability properties were used in the present study. Roots and soaking water were sampled during retting and characterized at both histological and biochemical levels. RESULTS: Histological data highlighted the degradation of root cell wall during retting. The average pH of soaking water decreased from 5.94 to 4.31 and the average simple sugars decreased from 0.18 to 0 g L-1 , whereas the organic acids increased up to 5.61 g L-1 . In roots tissue, simple sugars and organic acid contents decreased from 22.9 to 0 g kg-1 and from 80 to 0 g kg-1 , respectively. The total pectin content of roots among varieties at harvest was similar, and decreased during the retting process. Overall, there was a negative correlation between total pectins content and root softening, although this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Major histological and biochemical changes occurred during cassava root retting, with some of them associated with the process. Retting affected starch pasting properties more than starch content. Although this process is characterized by root softening and degradation of cell wall structure, the present study strongly suggested that pectin is not the only cell wall component involved in these changes. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

17.
Mol Biol Rep ; 49(6): 5283-5291, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34741707

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Apricots originated from China, Central Asia and the Near East and arrived in Anatolia, and particularly in their second homeland of Malatya province in Turkey. Apricots are outstanding summer fruits, with their beautiful attractive color, delicious sweet taste, aroma and high vitamin and mineral content. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the current study, a total of 259 apricots genotypes from different geographical origins in Turkey were used. Significant variations were detected in fruit firmness (FF), fruit flesh color (FFC), flowering time (FT), and soluble solid content (SSC). A total of 11,532 SNPs based on DArT were developed and used in the analyses of population structure and association mapping (AM). According to the STRUCTURE (v.2.2) analysis, the apricot genotypes were divided into three groups. The mixed linear model with Q and K matrixes were used to detect the associations between the SNPs and four traits. A total of 131 SNPs were associated with FF, FFC and SSC. No SNP marker was detected associated with FT. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that AM had high potential of revealing the markers associated with economically important traits in apricot. The SNPs identified in the study can be used in future breeding programs for marker-assisted selection in apricot.


Assuntos
Prunus armeniaca , Frutas/química , Frutas/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Melhoramento Vegetal , Prunus armeniaca/química , Prunus armeniaca/genética , Turquia
18.
Plant Cell Rep ; 41(12): 2379-2391, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36208306

RESUMO

KEY MESSAGE: Within a QTL, the genetic recombination and interactions among five and two functional variations at MdbHLH25 and MdWDR5A caused much complicated phenotype segregation in apple FFR and FCR. The storability of climacteric fruit like apple is a quantitative trait. We previously identified 62 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associating flesh firmness retainability (FFR) and flesh crispness retainability (FCR), but only a few functional genetic variations were identified and validated. The genetic variation network controlling fruit storability is far to be understood and diagnostic markers are needed for molecular breeding. We previously identified overlapped QTLs F16.1/H16.2 for FFR and FCR using an F1 population derived from 'Zisai Pearl' × 'Red Fuji'. In this study, five and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified on the candidate genes MdbHLH25 and MdWDR5A within the QTL region. The SNP1 A allele at MdbHLH25 promoter reduced the expression and SNP2 T allele and/or SNP4/5 GT alleles at the exons attenuated the function of MdbHLH25 by downregulating the expression of the target genes MdACS1, which in turn led to a reduction in ethylene production and maintenance of higher flesh crispness. The SNPs did not alter the protein-protein interaction between MdbHLH25 and MdWDR5A. The joint effect of SNP genotype combinations by the SNPs on MdbHLH25 (SNP1, SNP2, and SNP4) and MdWDR5A (SNPi and SNPii) led to a much broad spectrum of phenotypic segregation in FFR and FCR. Together, the dissection of these genetic variations contributes to understanding the complicated effects of a QTL and provides good potential for marker development in molecular breeding.


Assuntos
Malus , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Malus/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética
19.
Skin Res Technol ; 28(2): 317-321, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35020956

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Diseased skin in localized scleroderma (LS) and plaque psoriasis (PPs) is characterized by induration that can be evaluated by non-invasive bioengineering methods. In this study, we applied a new measurement device based on indentometry to determine the changes of skin mechanical properties in patients with LS and PPs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 sclerodermatous plaques in 12 patients with LS and 46 psoriatic plaques in 19 patients with PPs were measured with Indentometer IDM 800 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). The device measures the penetration depth of the probe indenter (pin) into the skin in mm. We used two probes with pin diameters 3 and 5 mm, respectively. The stiffer the skin, the less deep is the displacement by the indenter. The smaller the diameter, the deeper the pin will go into the skin when using the same force. The measurements were made on diseased skin and in adjacent normal skin served as control. In addition, the psoriatic plaques were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: The sclerodermatous skin and the psoriatic skin showed lower Indentometer values compared to adjacent normal skin as measured with both probes. This suggests that diseased skin is stiffer than healthy skin. The values of psoriatic plaques increased after treatment applied that correlates with the clinical improvement. The Indentometric readings significantly negatively correlated with clinical scores of skin induration. There was a significant correlation between the measurements with probe 3 mm and probe 5 mm. CONCLUSION: The non-invasive method used is appropriate for objective and quantitative determination of the degree of skin induration in LS and PPs as well as for assessment of the disease evaluation and treatment efficacy.


Assuntos
Psoríase , Esclerodermia Localizada , Alemanha , Humanos , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
J Dairy Sci ; 105(3): 2132-2152, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34955249

RESUMO

Bovines produce about 83% of the milk and dairy products consumed by humans worldwide, the rest represented by bubaline, caprine, ovine, camelid, and equine species, which are particularly important in areas of extensive pastoralism. Although milk is increasingly used for cheese production, the cheese-making efficiency of milk from the different species is not well known. This study compares the cheese-making ability of milk sampled from lactating females of the 6 dairy species in terms of milk composition, coagulation properties (using lactodynamography), curd-firming modeling, nutrients recovered in the curd, and cheese yield (through laboratory model-cheese production). Equine (donkey) milk had the lowest fat and protein content and did not coagulate after rennet addition. Buffalo and ewe milk yielded more fresh cheese (25.5 and 22.9%, respectively) than cow, goat, and dromedary milk (15.4, 11.9, and 13.8%, respectively). This was due to the greater fat and protein contents of the former species with respect to the latter, but also to the greater recovery of fat in the curd of bubaline (88.2%) than in the curd of camelid milk (55.0%) and consequent differences in the recoveries of milk total solids and energy in the curd; protein recovery, however, was much more similar across species (from 74.7% in dromedaries to 83.7% in bovine milk). Compared with bovine milk, the milk from the other Artiodactyla species coagulated more rapidly, reached curd firmness more quickly (especially ovine milk), had a more pronounced syneresis (especially caprine milk), had a greater potential asymptotical curd firmness (except dromedary and goat milk), and reached earlier maximum curd firmness (especially caprine and ovine milk). The maximum measured curd firmness was greater for bubaline and ovine milk, intermediate for bovine and caprine milk, and lower for camelid milk. The milk of all ruminant species can be used to make cheese, but, to improve efficiency, cheese-making procedures need to be optimized to take into account the large differences in their coagulation, curd-firming, and syneresis properties.


Assuntos
Queijo , Animais , Aptidão , Búfalos , Camelus , Bovinos , Equidae , Feminino , Cabras , Cavalos , Lactação , Leite/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Ovinos
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