Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Perceptions of Parental Illness Questionnaire for Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceptions of Parental Illness Questionnaire for Cancer (PPIQ-C) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). METHODS: A sample of 372 AYAs (aged 12-24 years) who had a parent diagnosed with cancer completed the PPIQ-C and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to examine the dimensional structure of the PPIQ-C. Scale reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω). Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to assess construct validity by examining correlations between PPIQ-C subscale scores and K10 total scores. RESULTS: The PPIQ-C is organised into three sections, each with a separate factor structure for items representing identity, core (emotional representations, coherence, timeline, consequences, and controllability), and cause dimensions of the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation. Exploratory factor analyses determined the structure of each section: identity items comprised two subscales (12 items), core items comprised 10 subscales (38 items), and cause items comprised three subscales (11 items). Scale reliability was acceptable for all subscales, except the cause subscale chance or luck attributions (α = 0.665). Correlations between PPIQ-C subscale scores and K10 total scores provided support for construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests that the PPIQ-C is a reliable, valid, and useful tool for assessing illness perceptions among AYAs with a parent with cancer. The PPIQ-C may be a useful addition to both clinical practice and future research, however further evaluation work is needed to confirm its structure and robustness prior to use.

Unveiling the nexus! Understanding knowledge issues, animal contact patterns and interaction of health care providers in the context of monkeypox and COVID-19 during monkeypox outbreak 2022.

BACKGROUND: A monkeypox (MPOX) outbreak occurred in May 2022. On June 3, 2022, the WHO Blueprint organized a consultation on MPOX research knowledge gaps and priority research questions because the engagement of health care providers (HCPs) in providing accurate information and the public's motivation to adapt protective behaviour were crucial. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the knowledge issues, animal patterns, and interactions of HCPs in the context of MPOX and COVID-19 during the MPOX outbreak. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey among 816 HCPs working in governmental health facilities from many countries, mainly Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Cameroon, in September 2022. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty (56.37%) were aged between 18 and less than 35 years old. About 34.44% were physicians, while only 37.25% worked on the frontlines with patients. 37.99% and 5.88% received vaccinations against chickenpox and MPOX, respectively. In the meantime, 55.39% had taken courses or training programmes regarding COVID-19. Regarding knowledge-seeking behaviours (KSBs) about COVID-19, 38.73% were through passive attention, while only 28.8% got their information through active search. Most of the participants (56.86%) had a moderate level of knowledge regarding COVID-19. Only 8.82% had courses or training programmes regarding MPOX. Regarding KSB about MPOX, 50.86% were obtained through passive attention, while only 18.01% and 23.04% got their information through active and passive search, respectively. Most of the participants (57.60%) had a poor level of knowledge regarding MPOX. The regression analysis of the MPOX knowledge score revealed that individuals working on the frontlines with patients and those who had training programmes or courses were shown to have a higher score by 1.25 and 3.18 points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The studied HCPs had poorer knowledge about the MPOX virus than they did about the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Training programmes and education courses had an impact on their knowledge.

Health-promoting behavior and its determinants towards non-communicable diseases among adult residents of the Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: the application of the health belief model.

Background: Non-communicable diseases are becoming a challenge for the health care system in Ethiopia, which has suffered a double burden from infectious and rapidly increasing non-communicable diseases. However, there is little information on health-promoting behavior in the study settings. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine health-promoting behaviors and its associated factors among adult's residents of Gedeo zone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 705 adult residents of Gedeo zone, south Ethiopia, selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Interviews administered through a structured questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were entered using Kobo Collect and analyzed using Stata version 17. The baseline characteristics of the participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. The independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare two groups and more than two groups, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants of health-promoting behavior and its components. Statistically significant factors were declared at p-value of less than or equal to 0.05. Results: The overall means score for health-promoting behavior was 73.88 ± 16.79. Physical activity and spiritual growth had the lowest and highest mean scores, respectively. The variables: gender, marital status, education, family history of NCDs, health insurance status, perceived health status, knowledge of NCD risk factors, risk perception of NCDs, expected outcome, cues to action, and self-efficacy showed a statistically significant difference in overall health-promoting behavior. The total health-promoting behavior score was associated with age, gender, perceived health status, marital status, family history of NCDs, health insurance, knowledge of NCD risk factors, perceived threat, expected outcome, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Conclusion and recommendations: In the study, the mean score of health-promoting behaviors was low. Socio-demographic and economic variables, family history of NCD, perceived health status, knowledge of NCD risk factors, perceived threat, expected outcome, self-efficacy, and cues to action affect health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, the study suggests establishing health promotion programs to increase residents' awareness of health-promoting lifestyles, empower them to adopt healthy lifestyles, and improve health outcomes by increasing self-efficacy, providing education, and creating supportive environments.

The effect of the health belief model education for cervical cancer prevention, screening promotion among rural women in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu (HBMECC).

BACKGROUND: The objective of this interventional study is to investigate the efficacy of health belief model-based health education in screening promotion and improving awareness about cervical cancer prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 370 rural married respondents were selected using a multistage random sampling method. To gather information from study participants before and after the six-month intervention period, the standard questionnaire instrument paired with a health belief model and cervical cancer knowledge assessments was employed. This quasi-experimental study incorporated health belief model-based education for 45 minutes, supplemented by audio-visual, flipchart, and interactive sessions, and regular motivation was given once every three days until the call for mass screening camps, which were held every 15 days. The data was imported into Excel and analyzed using SPSS 21. A paired test for pre- and post-intervention significance and a cross-tab test for association was utilized. At the end of the study, the percentage of all women screened was estimated. RESULTS: The findings revealed that 37.8% of participants were between the ages of 30 and 40, 32.7% had no formal education, and 42% were housewives. The pre-and post-test mean scores for knowledge about cervical cancer and prevention differed, with a mean value difference of 4 for signs of cervical cancer, 24.32 for risk factors, 1.31 for the cervical cancer screening (Pap) test, 1.07 for vaccination, and 0.48 for attitude toward self-assessment of cervical cancer symptoms and attitude toward screening. By the end of the study, 39% of the women had been screened in a mass screening camp and from outside sources. CONCLUSION: The health belief model, therefore, assisted in increasing the required information and addressed the perception regarding screening obstacles, consequently increasing the screening rate, and can thus be implemented as an appropriate strategy for instructing women about cervical cancer screening and prevention.

A Health Belief Model-Based Motivational Interviewing for Medication Adherence and Treatment Success in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.

Medication adherence behavior plays a central role in the success of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Conventional motivation is not optimal in strengthening long-term medication adherence. A motivational interviewing (MI) communication motivation model based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was designed with the main objective of improving medication adherence and treatment success. This study used an experimental design with a randomized posttest-only control group design. The intervention and control groups consisted of 107 TB patients each, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 at 38 public health centers in Bali Province. The HBM-based MI model intervention was given in seven counseling sessions, pill count percentages were used to measure medication adherence, and treatment success was based on sputum examination results. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the intervention on medication adherence and treatment success. Logistic regression analysis showed that MI-based HBM and knowledge were the most influential variables for increasing medication adherence and treatment success. Medication adherence was 4.5 times greater (ARR = 4.51, p = 0.018) and treatment success was 3.8 times greater (ARR = 3.81, p < 0.038) in the intervention group compared to the control group, while the secondary outcome of knowledge of other factors together influenced medication adherence and treatment success. The conclusion is that the HBM-based MI communication motivation model creates a patient-centered relationship by overcoming the triggers of treatment barriers originating from the HBM construct, effectively increasing medication adherence and treatment success for TB patients, and it needs further development by involving families in counseling for consistent self-efficacy of patients in long-term treatment.