The combining and cooperative effects of carbon price and technological innovation on carbon emission reduction: Evidence from China's industrial enterprises.

To achieve the carbon peaking and neutrality targets in China, carbon price and technological innovation will play increasingly important roles in recent future. It is widely-known that carbon price and technological innovation can contribute significantly to emission reduction, respectively; but it is still unclear whether the cooperation effects of carbon price and technological innovation would be positive or negative. In this paper, we assume that there are 3 types of emission reduction measures in China's industrial enterprises, which are improvement of energy efficiency, adjustment of energy structure, and substitution of pollution inputs and non-pollution inputs; then we introduce carbon price and technological innovation respectively and simultaneously, and establish 12 scenarios based on the Data Envelopment Analysis models combined with material balance principal (DEA-MBP), and estimate the additional emission reductions and additional production costs of China's industrial enterprises when carbon price and technological innovation exist respectively or simultaneously. The counterfactually estimating results show that there would be significant regional and sectorial heterogeneities in carbon emission reduction characteristics for China's industrial enterprises. If low-carbon technologies in some sectors have the ability to reduce carbon emissions at the expense of high additional production cost, carbon pricing policies would encourage enterprises to adopt new mitigation technologies and increase additional emission reduction by more than 20%, especially technologies focusing on the adjustment of energy structure and the substitution of pollution inputs by non-pollution inputs. However, in some sectors which have already been covered by carbon pricing policies, the additional carbon pricing policy may not have a significant effect on emission reduction, and the emission reduction would decrease by 10%.

Medium and long-term impact of SARS on total factor productivity（TFP): Empirical evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises.

This study examines the impact of the 2003 SARS epidemic on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chinese industrial enterprises using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The results exhibit that SARS significantly reduces TFP by 3.12-5.81%, lasting for three to five years. Further, this impact is heterogeneous across industries. A significantly negative impact is found in labor intensive industries, while capital and technology intensive industries is less affected. Contrarily, a significantly positive impact is observed in those industries necessary for life and production. Mechanism tests show that the impact on TFP is caused by a reduction in labour productivity and a decrease in innovation investment after SARS outbreak. This study highlights the importance of more targeted policy on Covid-19 and similar epidemics both in industrial, national and international level.

Quantitative assessment of enterprise environmental risk mitigation in the context of Na-tech disasters.

As an important causative factor of environmental accidents, natural disasters have recently received much attention for environmental risk assessment. Typhoons are one of the most frequent natural disasters in the northern Pacific Ocean and South China Sea and cause enormous damage to agriculture, daily livelihood, and industry. In this study, an environmental risk assessment for industrial enterprises is conducted when considering typhoon disasters. First, a Na-tech (natural hazard triggering technological disasters) environmental risk assessment index system with the aid of an analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation model (ERA-FAM) is developed to explore the major determinants related to risk level. The impact of typhoon disasters on environmental risk from chemical enterprises is discussed using a comparative analysis of risk levels with and without typhoon disaster scenarios. A chemical plant located in Zhejiang, China, is selected as a case study using this methodology. Three hypothetical scenarios are assumed, based on actual situations, to explore the impact of various factors on environmental risk. The results demonstrate that production factors and surrounding environmental conditions are the most sensitive factors for typhoon disasters, while emergency preparation is most important for reducing environmental risk. The influence of typhoons on environmental risk values is much higher for enterprises with imperfect management and vulnerable water risk receptors. Incorporating disaster management into environmental risk management will aid in developing strategies and policies for environmental risk mitigation and risk reduction practices.

[Complex treatment of recurrent herpetic stomatitis in employees of industrial enterprises]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie retsidiviruiushchego gerpeticheskogo stomatita u rabotnikov promyshlennykh predpriiatii.

Research ebjective was to study assessment of quality organization of work treatment recurrent herpetic stomatitis in patients of industrial enterprises from employees.172 patients on the industrial enterprises from 25 to 54 year were treated recurrent herpetic stomatitis. Clinical efficiency of immunomodulator quality therapy of recurrent herpetic stomatitis for assessment organization of work in employees industrial is proved by estimation of oral cavity local immunity (SIgA, lisozyme). After treatment of recurrent herpetic stomatitis in employees signifie and (p<0,005) inerease of lisozyme and SIgA. The obtaiquality of treatment of recurrent herpetic stomatitis et employees of industrial enterprises.

Surveillance of noise exposure level in industrial enterprises-Jiangsu Province, China, 2022.

Occupational noise exposure is the most prominent problem in industrial enterprises in Jiangsu Province. Since 2019, China has established the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace to grasp the current occupational hazards in critical industries, including occupational noise. According to the Work Plan for Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace (2022) issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, the noise exposure level of 3,142 enterprises in our province was monitored, the median and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated, and the distribution of noise exposure level was described by industry classification, enterprise-scale and ownership type of the enterprise. The railway, shipping, aerospace, and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries exhibited the highest proportion (42.9%) of individual noise exposure levels exceeding 85 dB(A), followed by the motor vehicles manufacturing industry (36.4%). The proportion of individual noise exposure levels exceeding 85 dB(A) was higher in medium and small enterprises, with rates of 28.1 and 28.6%, respectively. The highest proportion of personal noise exposure levels exceeding 85 dB(A) was observed in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment enterprises (37.5%), followed by incorporated companies (34.6%) and limited liability companies (28.1%), the lowest was state-owned enterprises(15.5%). The areas with excessive noise are primarily concentrated in grinding, welding, machining, cutting, and other related operations, accounting for 61.2% of the total. Among these operations, grinding accounts for 29.8%. The highest environmental noise and individual noise intensity were found in sandblasting and grinding positions, with individual noise intensities of 115.5 dB(A) and 108.4 dB(A), respectively. The noise exposure risk is so high that cannot be ignored in the manufacturing industry, especially in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan investment enterprises, incorporated companies and medium and small enterprises.

The river chief system and the total factor productivity in China: Evidence from the industrial enterprises database.

Balancing water environmental protection and economic growth is a priority for the local governments. Many literature analyses found that the reform of the River Chief System (RCS) had a significant effect on water quality improvement in China; however, it is important and necessary to comprehensively assess the impact of the RCS on the total factor productivity (TFP) of industrial enterprises, which provides a realistic basis for the decisions of local governments. This paper uses the quasi-natural experiment of the RCS in China and data from Chinese industrial enterprises to analyze the impact of the policy reform on the total factor productivity (TFP) of enterprises and the influence mechanism. The empirical analysis finds that the TFP of industrial enterprises in the reformed areas of the RCS is significantly lower than that in the non-reformed areas. This indicates that the implementation of the RCS is not conducive to the improvement of TFP of industrial enterprises. And this effect is mainly generated by reducing the output level and capital allocation efficiency of industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, the impact of the RCS on the TFP of industrial enterprises exists heterogeneity.

Modeling the resumption of work and production of enterprises during COVID-19: An SIR-based quantitative framework.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has evolved beyond being a public health crisis as it has exerted worldwide severe economic impacts, triggering cascading failures in the global industrial network. Although certain powerful enterprises can remain its normal operation during this global shock, what's more likely to happen for the majority, especially those small- and medium-sized firms, is that they are experiencing temporary suspension out of epidemic control requirement, or even permanent closure due to chronic business losses. For those enterprises that sustain the pandemic and only suspend for a relatively short period, they could resume work and production when epidemic control and prevention conditions are satisfied and production and operation are adjusted correspondingly. In this paper, we develop a novel quantitative framework which is based on the classic susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) epidemiological model (i.e., the SIR model), containing a set of differential equations to capture such enterprises' reactions in response to COVID-19 over time. We fit our model from the resumption of work and production (RWP) data on industrial enterprises above the designated size (IEDS). By modeling the dynamics of enterprises' reactions, it is feasible to investigate the ratio of enterprises' state of operation at given time. Since enterprises are major economic entities and take responsibility for most output, this study could potentially help policy makers better understand the economic impact caused by the pandemic and could be heuristic for future prevention and resilience-building strategies against suchlike outbreaks of public health crises.

Preliminary risk assessment of regional industrial enterprise sites based on big data.

An accurate and inexpensive preliminary risk assessment of industrial enterprise sites at a regional scale is critical for environmental management. In this study, we propose a novel framework for the preliminary risk assessment of industrial enterprise sites in the Yangtze River Delta, which is one of the fastest economic development and most prominent contaminated regions in China. Based on source-pathway-receptors, this framework integrated text and spatial analyses and machine learning, and its feasibility was validated with 8848 positive and negative samples with a calibration and validation set ratio of 8:2. The results indicated that the random forest performed well for risk assessment; and its accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores in the calibration set were all 1.0, and the four indicators for the validation set ranged from 0.97 to 0.98, which was better than that for the other models (e.g., logistic regression, support vector machine, and convolutional neural network). The preliminary risk ranking of industrial enterprise sites by the random forest showed that high risks (probabilities) were mainly distributed in Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, and northeastern Zhejiang from 2000 to 2015. The relative importance of the site industrial, production, and geographical features in the random forest was 69%, 22%, and 9%, respectively. Our study highlights that we could quickly and effectively establish a priority (or ranking) list of industrial enterprise sites that require further investigations, using the proposed framework, and identify potentially contaminated sites.

Occupational stress and associated risk factors among 13,867 industrial workers in China.

Objective: Occupational stress is a critical global public health problem. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of occupational stress among the workers in the electricity, heat, gas, water production and supply (EHGWPS), manufacturing, and transportation industries in Beijing, China. We explored the demographic differences in occupational stress status among workers in industrial enterprises. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 13,867 workers. The self-administered New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to evaluate high occupational stress status, which includes four sub-dimensions (job stressors, stress response, social support, job stressors & social support). Multiple regression and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between high occupational stress and the four occupational stress sub-dimensions with risk factors. Results: A total of 13,867 workers were included. The prevalence of high occupational stress was 3.3% in the EHGWPS industries, 10.3% in manufacturing, and 5.8% in transportation. The prevalence of high occupational stress was higher than in the other two categories (p < 0.05) in manufacturing industries. Logistic regression analysis showed that male workers with lower educational status, more job experience, and working in manufacturing were vulnerable to high occupational stress. Further analysis of the four occupational stress sub-dimensions showed that male workers, older adult workers, workers with lower educational levels, and longer working time were associated with higher scores in job stressors, stress response, social support, and job stress & social support (all p < 0.05). Moreover, divorced or widowed workers had higher occupational stress scores. Conclusion: Male workers with lower educational levels and longer working time may have an increased risk of occupational stress.

The evolution rule of green innovation efficiency and its convergence of industrial enterprises in China.

The heterogeneity can greatly influence the green innovative development of industrial enterprises. Based on the stochastic frontier analysis model of heterogeneity, this paper measures the green innovative efficiency of industrial enterprises in China for the time period of 2008 to 2017, and concludes the following results: (a) in the production function estimation, the R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises is the main positive factor in influencing green innovation, while the energy consumption the main negative factor. The effects of R&D talents and environment quality are not obvious at both stages. (b) The overall green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises is only 0.2981 at R&D stage with an efficiency loss of 0.7019, and the residual efficiency of green innovation is 0.9966 with persistent efficiency as 0.2991. The overall green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises is only 0.3930 at new product sales stage with an efficiency loss of 0.607, and the residual efficiency of green innovation is 0.8196 with persistent efficiency as 0.4783. (c) In the sample period, there appears to be an apparent decreasing of green innovative efficiency level from R&D stage to new product sales stage. Besides, the distribution of both overall efficiency and persistent efficiency tend to disperse, and there are great differences among years which are expanded at different stages. (d) Certain "club convergence" exists in overall efficiency and persistent efficiency of green innovation. The structural problem at R&D stage is the main factor in influencing the green innovation overall efficiency. The residual factors such as time effect at new product sales stage affect new product transformation. In order to increase green innovation efficiency, considering development level of selves, regions can establish a "club" to set up an efficient and sharable patent transfer platform, and reduce new product transformation loss.

The Adverse Environmental Impact Factors Analysis on Fly-In-Fly-Out Personnel at Industrial Enterprises.

(1) Background: the research purpose is to identify and describe the general and different factors of adverse environmental impact on FIFO personnel at industrial enterprises at different levels of differential analysis of professional activity. (2) Methods: The research involved 359 employees of industrial enterprises with FIFO work organization. The study was carried out using a questionnaire, including a subjective assessment of the discomfort of three groups of negative environment impact factors to the FIFO personnel: climatic-geographical, industrial and social. (3) Results: The relationship between the increase in the degree of discomfort of production factors due to the in-fluence of climatic, geographical and social conditions has been established. With a various location of objects, the greatest discomfort is felt from the action of climatic and production factors; with varying degrees of group isolation and the shift period duration-all three groups, with the greatest influence of domestic and social; in various industries and enterprises-all three groups. (4) Conclusions: The differential analysis of the professional activities of FIFO personnel of industrial enterprises should be carried out at the following levels: the location of an industrial facility, the degree of group isolation, the duration of the shift period, the industry, the type of enterprise and the professional group.

Analysis of the Impact of Human-Cobot Collaborative Manufacturing Implementation on the Occupational Health and Safety and the Quality Requirements.

Implementing Industry 4.0 and interconnected robotization in industrial enterprises drifts towards occupational changes. Nowadays, the task is to create cooperation and collaboration between a robot and a human in a common robotized workplace so that it is safe and effective. The type of robot, the robotic device that works in collaboration with a human operator, is called a cobot. In the case of a closer interaction of the robot or cobot with humans, it is necessary to consider where it is possible to replace human work entirely or where it is possible to merely supplement it. The most socially acceptable option is the implementation of robots only for the performance of supplementary tasks, since the traditional work positions of people in manufacturing processes would remain largely preserved. On the other hand, workplace robotization is particularly suitable for work environments with hazardous chemical substances that are carcinogenic and toxic to humans. Similarly, robotization helps to improve workplace ergonomics and also to avoid, for humans, very laborious and often repetitive work. The SWOT analysis (analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) was used as a relevant tool to assess various aspects of the impact of increasing robotization on working positions in industrial enterprises. SWOT analysis is an indicative assessment of the suitability of implementation of robots in a given workplace, which helps to create an optimal solution and indicate new areas of needed analysis and research directions.

Environmental economics in Algeria: empirical investigation into the relationship between technological policy, regulation intensity, market forces, and industrial pollution of Algerian firms.

Clean technologies are generally developed in industrialized countries and transferred to developing countries where they are adapted to local market conditions. This transfer is regularized by the technological and environmental policies of the receiving countries. The aim of the present work is to show that clean technologies are important in dealing with environmental problems in Algeria and that the regulation plays a key role in the technological eco-development process. To do so, we adopt an empirical approach that is based on data collection from industrial firms in the West of Algeria which operate in different sectors of activities. The present study used a modeling approach that relied on a structural equation model and multiple regression analysis. The developed model is based on the results of the qualitative survey that preceded the econometric study. The results show that the variance of industrial pollution in Algeria is explained by regulation intensity, technological policy, and market forces. In addition, the collected data show that technologies that are needed for green growth in Algeria are mastered in 53% of the cases where technology transfer and adaptive Research and Development (R&D) play an important role. In 75% of cases, regulatory incentives related to the integration of technological change and eco-innovations are one of the key drivers of reducing environmental problems.