Clinical features and comprehensive treatment of persistent corneal epithelial dysfunction after cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety of tobramycin/dexamethasone eye ointment in treating persistent corneal epithelial dysfunction (PED) after cataract surgery. METHODS: 26 cases diagnosed as PED after cataract surgery accept the tobramycin/dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment and intense pulse light treatment in the Xiamen University of Xiamen eye center between September 2016 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, mainly including clinical manifestations, characteristics of morphological changes imaged by in vivo confocal microscopy, meibomian glands infrared photography, lipid layer thickness (LLT), management and therapeutic effects. RESULTS: There were 26 eyes, include 8(35%) males and 15(65%) females with an average age of 69.6 ± 5.2 years(50 to 78 years). The mean hospitalization time was (18.4 ± 7.5) days after cataract surgery. Twenty patients had meibomian gland dysfunction. Infrared photography revealed varying loss in the meibomian glands, with a mean score of 3.8 ± 1.2 for gland loss. The mean LLT was 61.6 ± 8.4 nm. After treatment, 20 patients were cured, and 3 received amniotic membrane transplantation. After treatment, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected vision activity (BCVA) improved (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after treatment (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The early manifestation of PED after surgery is punctate staining of the corneal epithelium. Tobramycin and dexamethasone eye ointment bandages have a good repair effect. The meibomian gland massage combined with intense pulse light treatment can effectively shorten the course of the disease.

A Review of Intense Pulsed Light in the Treatment of Ocular Rosacea.

INTRODUCTION: Ocular rosacea is an underdiagnosed form of rosacea that may occur with or without typical cutaneous signs of rosacea. One of the common manifestations is dry eyes. Although the use of intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of rosacea-related dry eyes has been reported, a recent review is lacking. METHODS: A scoping review was performed to summarize the efficacy of IPL in the treatment of ocular rosacea. RESULTS: Five articles were included, representing 108 patients, with a mean age of 58.4 years. Based on available data, 59.2% (n = 58/98) were female. The studies detailed the use of IPL in combination with meibomian gland expression treatment. Overall, 91% (n = 89/98) of patients with ocular rosacea treated with IPL had a partial response and 9% (n = 9/98) had no response. IPL therapy did not lead to complete recovery in any of the included patients. One participant experienced an adverse event across the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: IPL is a promising treatment modality for ocular rosacea, as demonstrated by its ability to relieve dry eye symptoms with limited adverse events. Further research into this novel treatment is necessary to ascertain its role in the management of ocular rosacea.

Efficacy and safety comparison between pulsed dye laser and intense pulsed light configured with different wavelength bands in treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

Previous clinical studies have shown that pulsed dye laser (PDL) and intense pulsed light (IPL) are effective for treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea(ETR). This article aims to compare the efficacy and safety of PDL and IPL at three different wavelength bands (broad-band, single-narrow-band, and dual-narrow-band) in treating ETR. Sixty subjects with ETR were randomly categorized into four groups and received one of the following laser treatments: PDL (595 nm), IPL with Delicate Pulse Light (DPL, 500-600 nm), IPL with M22 590 (590-1200 nm), or IPL with M22 vascular filter (530-650 nm and 900-1200 nm). Four treatment sessions were administered at 4-week intervals, with one follow-up session 4 weeks after the final treatment. The efficacy of the four lasers was evaluated by comparing the clinical symptom score, total effective rate, VISIA red area absolute score, and RosaQoL score before and after treatment. The safety was evaluated by comparing adverse reactions such as pain, purpura, erythematous edema, and blister. All 60 subjects completed the study. Within-group effects showed that the clinical symptom score, VISIA red area absolute score, and RosaQoL score of all four groups were significantly reduced compared to before treatment (p < 0.001). Between-group effects showed no statistically significant difference among the four laser groups. Safety analysis showed that all four lasers were safe, but the incidence of blister was higher in the M22 vascular group. Nonpurpurogenic PDL, DPL, M22 590, and M22 vascular were equally effective in treating ETR and were well-tolerated. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05360251.

Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa; a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease affecting apocrine gland-bearing sites of the body. Radiofrequency (RF) is a minimally invasive method that acts by minimizing thermal damage to the dermis, resulting in collagen synthesis and scar improvement. We systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of RF in treating HS. METHODS: A systematic search was performed up to November 18th, 2023, in PubMed/Medline, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science. Clinical studies with English full texts were included. The National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for clinical trials and Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports by Murad et al. were utilized for critical appraisal. RESULTS: Out of 55 identified studies, 11 met our inclusion criteria with 167 subjects who underwent RF therapy alone or combined with an intense pulsed laser (IPL), known as LAight®. LAight® significantly improved clinical outcomes in mild-to-moderate HS patients based on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Score System (IHS4), Pain-Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR). Moreover, RF therapy alone significantly alleviated the clinical manifestations in patients with mild-to-moderate HS. Additionally, fractional microneedling RF significantly decreased HS-associated inflammatory markers. RF was found to be safe with limited adverse events. However, in moderate-to-severe HS, RF has failed to yield satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: RF is a safe energy-based method with promising outcomes, especially for long-term application in mild-to-moderate HS. In moderate-to-severe cases, RF should be combined with a systemic medication for further beneficial impacts.

Intense pulsed light therapy for ocular surface diseases.

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a non-laser, high-intensity light source that has been shown to play a valuable role in dermatology and has been adopted in ophthalmology for treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action of IPL, including its benefits in ophthalmology. IPL therapy has been shown to improve tear film stability, meibomian gland (MG) function, and subjective symptoms of ocular dryness in MGD patients. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that IPL therapy is beneficial for other ocular surface diseases, such as blepharitis and chalazia. Hence, it can be inferred that IPL has potential as a therapeutic modality in future applications. Large clinical and experimental trials are needed to exploit the full potential of IPL as a treatment for recurrent chalazia, Sjögren's syndrome, and other causes of dry eye disease (DED). This paper reviews the published literature related to the application of IPL for treating ocular surface diseases.

Safety and Effectiveness of Laser or Intense Pulsed Light Treatment for Early Surgical Scar: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of laser or intense pulsed light therapy for early treatment of surgical scar. METHODS: A literature search was conducted for relevant prospective, randomized controlled trials published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Database, and VTTMS between January 2006 and January 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to extract literature data. The risk of bias was assessed by RevMan. Safety was assessed based on the presence of serious adverse reactions (blisters, infections, burns above the second degree), while effectiveness was assessed using the Vancouver Score Scale. RESULTS: 1512 related articles were preliminarily retrieved, including 1211 English articles and 301 Chinese articles. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were selected for this analysis. In total, 475 patients were included (laser group, 238; control group, 236). All studies confirmed that the laser group was superior to the control group. In the subgroup analysis of 7 articles, the standardized mean difference was 1.99 (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrates that laser or intense pulsed light therapy is a safe and effective approach for early surgical scar treatment, resulting in improved scar appearance and minimal adverse reactions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Changes of Facial Lipidomics by Intense Pulsed Light Treatment Based on LC-MS.

BACKGROUND: Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been widely used to improve cutaneous photoaging in recent years. Several studies began to explore the changes of skin barrier function after treatment, but the changes of skin surface lipids (SSL), especially specific lipid content and types are still unclear. METHODS: A total of 25 female volunteers were included in our study, and each of them received three full-face treatments with one month apart. Before the first treatment and 1 month after the last treatment, we collected clinical photos and skin stratum corneum samples from individuals. A 5-level scale was used to evaluate the efficacy of IPL treatment, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the changes of SSL. RESULTS: Two patients got no improvement after treatment, 6 patients had poor improvement and mild improvement was achieved in 9 patients, 5 and 3 patients reported moderate and significant improvement. The overall "effective" rate was 68 % and the "significant effective" rate was 32 %. The results showed 18 lipid subclasses and 487 lipid molecules were identified. The change of total lipid volume was not statistically significant (P = 0.088>0.05), but lipid subclass analysis showed the amount of Triglyceride (TG), Phosphatidic Acid (PA), Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and Lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). There were 55 kinds of lipid molecules with significant difference after treatment (P < 0.05), and 51 of them belong to TG. The analysis of chain saturation of TG showed that the quantity of TG with 0, 1 and 2 unsaturated bonds increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IPL treatment does not have a significant effect on the overall amount of lipids while the amount of TG, PA, PG, LPG were significantly increased. These lipid changes may potentially improve the skin barrier function, but more high-quality and comprehensive studies are still needed. BULLET POINT: Lipidomics analysis based on LC-MS; Changes of skin surface lipid after IPL treatment; the relationships between skin surface lipid and skin barrier functions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Mast cell stabilization: new mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light on rosacea.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin, is effectively treated by intense pulsed light (IPL). OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the photobiomodulation effect of IPL for rosacea treatment. METHODS: Skin samples from patients with rosacea were subjected to histological and immunohistological staining. Ten patients were followed up after IPL treatment using the VISIA® skin analysis system, and the severity was assessed. In vivo, skin changes in mice with rosacea-like inflammation induced by intradermal injection of 320 µM LL-37 with or without IPL treatment were evaluated using L*a*b colorimetry as well as histological and immunological staining. In vitro, LL-37-stimulated mast cells (MCs) with or without IPL treatment were evaluated for protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5), and cathelicidin using western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Profound infiltration of inflammatory cells and evident MC degranulation were found in rosacea skin lesions. The expression of rosacea-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines was higher in lesional areas than in non-lesional areas, as demonstrated via immunochemical staining. In all patients, rosacea severity reduced after IPL therapy. In vivo, IPL alleviated inflammation in mice with rosacea-like inflammation, as demonstrated by the significantly decreased MMP-9, KLK5, and cathelicidin expression and reduced percentage of degranulating MCs. In vitro, IPL decreased MMP-9, KLK5, and cathelicidin expression in P815 cells, reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting rosacea-like inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSION: The photobiomodulation effect of IPL for rosacea treatment may inhibit MC degranulation and alleviate inflammatory reactions.

Disorders of hyperpigmentation. Part II. Review of management and treatment options for hyperpigmentation.

Key challenges in the management of pigmentary disorders such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation are their resistance to treatment, tendency to recur after treatment, and the risk of exacerbating hyperpigmentation with many treatment modalities. The second article in this 2-part continuing medical education series on pigmentary disorders focuses on the evidence behind medical and procedural treatments of dyschromias, including photoprotection, topical lightening agents, oral agents, chemical peels, and laser therapy.

Systematic review of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of available literature regarding the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and ALA derivative photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and provide recommendations on its use. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of all published studies up to September 1, 2019 from nine databases, including PubMed, that evaluated PDT in the treatment of HS. For each study, quality of evidence and risk of bias was evaluated. Recommendations from the body of evidence were created based on Strength of Recommendation and Taxonomy (SORT) criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias. Blue light PDT with 20% ALA and red light PDT with 16% methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) demonstrated some benefit based on a small number of poor-quality studies with a high risk of bias (Grade C, level III evidence). The most promising results were for 1%-5% ALA with intralesional diode, with good to complete response in 78%-94% of anatomic sites treated (Grade B, level II evidence). LIMITATIONS: The majority of studies contained high levels of bias, with significant heterogeneity between studies. Conclusions are limited by small samples sizes, lack of randomized controlled trials, and differing protocols. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of 20% ALA with blue light and MAL with red light. Intralesional diode PDT shows the most promise and warrants further investigation in larger, randomized controlled trials.

Intense pulsed-light treatment improves objective optical quality in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate changes in objective optical quality following intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment combined with meibomian gland (MG) expression (MGX) in patients with MG dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included MGD-related dry eye disease (DED) patients who received IPL treatment between March and December 2021 at Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Each patient underwent four sessions of IPL treatment using Lumenis M22 (Lumenis Ltd., Yokneam, Israel) and MGX at three-week intervals. RESULTS: This study included 90 eyes from 45 patients with MGD. The mean age was 52.3 ± 16.1 years (range, 20-75 years), and 53.3% (24/45) of patients were female. Compared with the baseline, all clinical symptoms and signs significantly improved after IPL treatment combined with MGX. All optical quality parameters obtained with an optical quality analysis system (OQAS: Visiometrics, Castelldefels, Spain) have improved significantly over the baseline (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with MGD, IPL treatment combined with MGX improved the objective optical quality and clinical signs and symptoms of DED.

Assessment of adverse events for a home-use intense pulsed light hair removal device using postmarketing surveillance.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Home-use intense pulsed light (IPL) hair removal devices are convenient for consumers. Consumer safety associated with home-use IPL devices, however, remains a subject of interest. In this descriptive analysis, we assessed the most commonly reported adverse events (AEs) for a home-use IPL device from postmarketing surveillance and qualitatively compared these with AEs from clinical studies and medical device reports of home-use IPL treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this analysis of voluntary reports, we queried a distributor's postmarketing database for IPL devices for the period beginning January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. All sources of comments, for example, phone, e-mail, company-sponsored web sites, were included in the analysis. AE data were coded according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terminology. Also, we conducted a PubMed search to identify AE profiles from existing literature on home-use IPL devices and we searched the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database for reports on home-use IPL devices. These results were qualitatively compared to the data in the postmarketing surveillance database. RESULTS: A total of 1692 cases involving IPL were identified from voluntary reports of AEs between 2016 and 2021. The shipment-adjusted reporting rate for AE cases (number of AE cases/100,000 shipped IPL devices) was 67/100,000 during this 6-year period. The most commonly reported AEs were pain of skin 27.8% (470/1692), "thermal burn" 18.7% (316/1692), and erythema 16.0% (271/1692). Among the top 25 AEs reported, no unexpected health events were observed. The reported AEs were qualitatively similar to the pattern seen in clinical studies and the MAUDE database associated with such home-use IPL treatments. CONCLUSION: This is the first such report documenting AEs for home-use IPL hair removal from a postmarketing surveillance program. These data are supportive of the safety of such home-use low-fluence IPL technology.

Attempted treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis with one session of either Neodymium YAG laser or Intense Pulsed Light: A within patient randomized trial of treated versus untreated contralateral axilla.

BACKGROUND: Primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH) affects 1-5% of the world's population who has an unmet need for improved treatments. The heating of sweat glands with specific microwave therapy has shown promising results, yet, treatment with widely available devices such as long-pulsed Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers, diode lasers or Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) may serve as pragmatic alternatives. OBJECTIVES: To compare sweat secretion of treated versus untreated contralateral control axilla 1-3 months after one session of Nd:YAG laser or IPL in patients with PAH. METHODS: A within-person randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either one session of Nd:YAG laser or IPL in one axilla with the contra-lateral serving as control. Sweat production was assessed by gravimetry, trans-epidermal water loss, hyperhidrosis disease severity scale and dynamic optical coherence tomography. Mixed-effects models were used to handle the within-person design, containing both fixed effect factors (side, group, and subgroup), and random effects (patients), while also adjusting for the level at baseline. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were enrolled. At follow-up 1-3 months after treatment, sweat secretion was not affected in the treated axilla when compared to the control axillae (0.01 [95%CI: -0.04 to 0.05]; p = 0.68). In the Nd:YAG subgroup (10 patients), least squares means for sweat secretion was 0.18 mg/5 min in the treated versus 0.15 mg/5 min in the control axilla, respectively, corresponding to a statistically insignificant mean difference of 0.02 mg/5 min (95% CI: -0.06 to 0.11; p = 0.54). In the IPL subgroup (10 patients), sweat secretion was 0.06 mg/5 min in the treated axilla versus 0.07 mg/5 min in the control axilla with a statistically insignificant difference of -0.01 points (95% CI: -0.03 to 0.02; p = 0.46). Likewise, none of the secondary outcomes were significantly affected by treatment. However, both treatments appeared safe and well tolerated with no adverse effects reported at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: One treatment with external 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser or 640 nm IPL at commercially available settings, failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in treating PAH, with narrow confidence intervals implying that this was not due to a type-2 error.

Efficacy of Laser in Hair Removal: A Network Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Laser hair removal is an increasingly prevalent trend of cosmetic procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hair reduction among several types of laser interventions. METHODS: The selected studies searched in PubMed and EMBASE were assessed for quality of evidence, and extracted data on absolute hair count and hair reduction rate. Qualitative data were synthesized using standardized mean difference (SMD) in frequentist network meta-analysis because various measurement units were used among selected studies. Inconsistency and small study effects were examined by design-by-treatment interaction model and comparison-adjusted funnel plot. RESULTS: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 652) were contributed to network meta-analysis. Pooled results revealed that diode laser showed significantly lower absolute hair count within three-month (SMD = -13.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -22.25 to -4.17) and around six months follow-up (SMD = -11.01, 95% CI: -18.24 to -3.77) as compared with those in control group, but no significant difference among laser interventions. All side effects observed were transient without leaving any permanent scars. CONCLUSION: Eliminating unwanted hair with lasers or intense pulsed light is safe and effective; however, which type of intervention is more beneficial in the long-term process should be studied with a longer follow-up time.

Treatment Options for Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is an unusual fibrohistiocytic proliferation in the dermis with vascular hyperplasia. Numerous clinicopathological studies of MCAH have been published, but little has been written in relation to treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to review the therapeutical approaches for MCAH in the literature and to report the results of the different therapies followed at our institution. METHODS: A literature review was conducted including all MCAH published cases that followed any therapy. Search terms included "multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma" or "MCAH" and "treatment" or "therapy". Also, all cases of MCAH treated at our institution from 2010 to 2020 are reported. RESULTS: The literature search revealed 16 cases of MCAH treated with any of the therapeutic options. At our institution, 9 patients have been treated of MCAH between 2010 and 2020. Over 75% of them were female, and the median age was 56 years (range 47-73). More than 50% had lesions on the dorsum of the hands. Surgical excision was indicated in 2 patients, ablative CO2 laser was used in 1 patient and the 6 remaining ones followed vascular-targeted therapies (PDL and IPL). A satisfactory cosmetic result was achieved in all of them. CONCLUSIONS: We propose PDL therapy as a first-line treatment for MCAH since it achieves satisfactory esthetic results, while being well-tolerated. Selecting those amenable patients according to morphologic characteristics may be useful to avoid unsuccessful therapies. In MCAH with predominant fibrous stroma, surgery or CO2 laser may be the best option.

Laser and light therapy for pediatric hair removal: a systematic review.

Hair removal with lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) is considered safe. However, data on the efficacy and safety of these procedures specifically in the pediatric population remain sparse. To determine the efficacy and safety of lasers and IPL for hair reduction in children and adolescents, a systematic review was conducted of original studies evaluating hair removal with lasers or IPL in patients aged less than 18 years. Primary outcome measures were efficacy and safety of treatment. The literature review yielded 2 retrospective cohort studies and 11 case reports/case series including a total of 71 patients aged 9 months to 17 years. Diagnoses ranged from localized lumbosacral to generalized hypertrichosis. Six treatment modalities were evaluated: alexandrite, Nd:YAG, Q-switched Nd:YAG, ruby, and diode lasers and IPL. Only one of the cohort studies (n = 28), using the ruby laser, provided efficacy data. The results showed a 63% hair loss in 89% of patients after completion of treatment, although partial regrowth was evident during 6 to 32 weeks of follow-up. Most of the case reports and case series (10/11) reported significant hair reduction following laser and IPL treatments. None of the patients experienced scarring or dyspigmentation. Some kind of pain management was necessary in 65% of patients; 25% required general anesthesia. On the basis of the limited available data which consisted primary of case reports and case series, lasers and IPL might be effective for pediatric hair reduction. Recurrence following treatment may be higher in children than adults, and pain control may be a limiting factor.

Intense pulsed light treatment of the upper and lower eyelids in patients with moderate-to-severe meibomian gland dysfunction.

PURPOSE: We investigated the subjective and objective outcome after intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment and meibomian gland expression on the upper and lower eyelids compared with those after IPL treatment on the lower eyelid alone in patients with moderate-to-severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: Patients who underwent four IPL treatment sessions with meibomian gland expression were divided into upper and lower treatment group and conventional treatment group treated with lower eyelid alone. All patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination and answered a symptom questionnaire before the first treatment and 1 month after the last treatment. An ophthalmologic examination included tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score, Schirmer's test, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), meibum grade, color, consistency, and lid margin telangiectasia. Additionally, visual acuity and adverse effects were checked on every visit. RESULTS: Of 115 patients, 75 in the upper and lower treatment group and 40 in the conventional treatment group were included. TBUT, fluorescein staining score, subjective symptom, and meibum grade were significantly improved in both groups. Additionally, meibum color and consistency of upper and lower eyelids significantly decreased post-treatment in both groups. The lid margin telangiectasia of the upper and lower eyelids significantly decreased post-treatment in the upper and lower treatment group. MMP-9 positivity and grading scores significantly decreased post-treatment in both groups, and no severe adverse effects occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Additional IPL treatment on the upper eyelid using a protective device was proven safe and provided an additive improvement in treating moderate-to-severe MGD.

[Ocular complications in intense pulsed light therapy (case study)]. / Glaznye oslozhneniya intensivnoi fototerapii (klinicheskoe nablyudenie).

A 24-year-old female patient with photophobia, discoria, redness and dryness in her right eye after intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy applied for posttraumatic subcutaneous hemorrhage received a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography of the anterior eye segment. Her best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Medically induced mydriasis revealed discoria with paresis of pupil dilatator in the left eye (pupil size 4.2 mm and 6.6 mm in the right and left eye, respectively). Anterior segment OCT showed anterior chamber cytosis and increased iris vascularity. The patient was prescribed topical 1.0% tropicamide 2 times per day and 1.0% dexamethasone 4 times per day for two weeks. Examination performed after 3 months showed no restoration of pupil dilatator function in the left eye. The case demonstrates potential ocular complications of IPL therapy, which may include iris burn with iritis and persistent pupil dilatator dysfunction.

A review on intense pulsed light process as post-treatment for metal oxide thin films and nanostructures for device application.

The intense pulsed light (IPL) post-treatment process has attracted great attention in the device fabrication due to its versatility and rapidity particularly for solution process functional structures in devices, flexible/printed electronics, and continuous manufacturing process. The metal oxide materials inherently have multi-functionality and have been widely used in form of thin films or nanostructures in device application such as thin film transistors, light emitting diodes, solar cells, supercapacitors, etc. The IPL treatment enhances the physical and/or chemical properties of the functional metal oxide through photothermal effects. However, most metal oxides are transparent to most range of visible light and require more energy for post-treatment. In this review, we have summarized the IPL post-treatment processes for metal oxide thin films and nanostructures in device applications. The sintering and annealing of metal oxides using IPL improved the device performances by employing additional light absorbing layer or back-reflector. The IPL process becomes an innovative versatile post-treatment process in conjunction with multi-functional metal oxides in near-future device applications.

Will repeated Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) treatment sessions affect facial skin sensitivity? Results of a twelve-Month, prospective, randomized split-face study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of intense pulsed light (IPL) technology in cosmetic dermatology, the effects of its repeated use on facial skin sensitivity in healthy individuals remains unknown. METHODS: Seventeen healthy female volunteers were included in the study. We measured objective biophysical parameters of the skin, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin glossiness, thickness and density of the epidermis and dermis, sensory nerve current perception threshold (CPT), and regional blood flow before and after treatment at different time points. RESULTS: Sixteen volunteers completed a follow-up of 12 months. The treated side of the face showed a decreased TEWL on D1 and D3, which reverted to normal on D7. Epidermal thickness increased and skin glossiness decreased on the treated side on D1, but returned to normal on D3. We found no statistically significant differences in CPT values or in regional blood flow volume and velocity, with the exception of D1, which exhibited a higher regional blood flow volume on the treated side. CONCLUSION: Repeated IPL treatments had no effects on facial skin barrier function, skin nerve sensitivity, or local microcirculation among healthy individuals. IPL is a safe skin care procedure that does not affect skin sensitivity.