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1.
Breast Cancer Res ; 26(1): 15, 2024 01 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38254178

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The birth cohort effect has been suggested to influence the rate of breast cancer incidence and the trends of associated reproductive and lifestyle factors. We conducted a cohort study to determine whether a differential pattern of associations exists between certain factors and breast cancer risk based on birth cohorts. METHODS: This was a cohort study using pooled data from 12 cohort studies. We analysed associations between reproductive (menarche age, menopause age, parity and age at first delivery) and lifestyle (smoking and alcohol consumption) factors and breast cancer risk. We obtained hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis on the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s birth cohorts. RESULTS: Parity was found to lower the risk of breast cancer in the older but not in the younger birth cohort, whereas lifestyle factors showed associations with breast cancer risk only among the participants born in the 1950s. In the younger birth cohort group, the effect size was lower for parous women compared to the other cohort groups (HR [95% CI] 0.86 [0.66-1.13] compared to 0.60 [0.49-0.73], 0.46 [0.38-0.56] and 0.62 [0.51-0.77]). Meanwhile, a higher effect size was found for smoking (1.45 [1.14-1.84] compared to 1.25 [0.99-1.58], 1.06 [0.85-1.32] and 0.86 [0.69-1.08]) and alcohol consumption (1.22 [1.01-1.48] compared to 1.10 [0.90-1.33], 1.15 [0.96-1.38], and 1.07 [0.91-1.26]). CONCLUSION: We observed different associations of parity, smoking and alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk across various birth cohorts.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Coorte de Nascimento , Estudos de Coortes , Japão , Fatores de Risco , Estilo de Vida , China , República da Coreia
2.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 22(5): 1108-1116, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38122959

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Much of what is known about the effects of alcohol and tobacco use on diverticular disease derives from studies of asymptomatic diverticulosis or complicated diverticulitis. We examined smoking and alcohol consumption and risk of incident diverticulitis in a large cohort of women. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 84,232 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) who were 39-52 years old and without known diverticulitis at baseline in 2003. Smoking was ascertained every 2 years and alcohol use every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During 1,139,660 person-years of follow up, we identified 3018 incident cases of diverticulitis. After adjustment for other risk factors, current (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.39) and past smoking (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11-1.30) were associated with increased risk of diverticulitis when compared with never smokers. Women who consumed ≥30 g/d of alcohol had a multivariate HR of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.50) when compared with women who did not drink. A joint analysis of smoking and alcohol found that individuals who ever smoked and consumed ≥15 g/d of alcohol were at highest risk of diverticulitis (multivariate HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.16-2.21), compared with participants who never smoked and reported no alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective study of women, smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of incident diverticulitis. These data highlight additional modifiable risk factors for diverticulitis that may aid in prevention.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Diverticulite , Fumar , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Diverticulite/epidemiologia , Diverticulite/etiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Incidência , Fatores de Risco
3.
BMC Med ; 22(1): 230, 2024 Jun 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38853248

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity and central obesity are multifactorial conditions with genetic and non-genetic (lifestyle and environmental) contributions. There is incomplete understanding of whether lifestyle modifies the translation from respective genetic risks into phenotypic obesity and central obesity, and to what extent genetic predisposition to obesity and central obesity is mediated via lifestyle factors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 201,466 (out of approximately 502,000) European participants from UK Biobank and tested for interactions and mediation role of lifestyle factors (diet quality; physical activity levels; total energy intake; sleep duration, and smoking and alcohol intake) between genetic risk for obesity and central obesity. BMI-PRS and WHR-PRS are exposures and obesity and central obesity are outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 42.8% of the association between genetic predisposition to obesity and phenotypic obesity was explained by lifestyle: 0.9% by mediation and 41.9% by effect modification. A significant difference between men and women was found in central obesity; the figures were 42.1% (association explained by lifestyle), 1.4% (by mediation), and 40.7% (by modification) in women and 69.6% (association explained by lifestyle), 3.0% (by mediation), and 66.6% (by modification) in men. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of the association between genetic predisposition to obesity/central obesity and phenotypic obesity/central obesity was explained by lifestyles. Future studies with repeated measures of obesity and lifestyle would be needed to clarify causation.


Assuntos
Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade , Fenótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Idoso , Adulto , Obesidade Abdominal/genética , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Biobanco do Reino Unido
4.
BMC Med ; 22(1): 323, 2024 Aug 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39113061

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Despite its widespread prevalence worldwide, the causal link between GERD and various cancer risks has not been fully established, and past medical research has often underestimated or overlooked this relationship. METHODS: This study performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between GERD and 19 different cancers. We leveraged data from 129,080 GERD patients and 473,524 controls, along with cancer-related data, obtained from the UK Biobank and various Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) consortia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GERD were used as instrumental variables, utilizing methods such as inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger to address potential pleiotropy and confounding factors. RESULTS: GERD was significantly associated with higher risks of nine types of cancer. Even after adjusting for all known risk factors-including smoking, alcohol consumption, major depression, and body mass index (BMI)-these associations remained significant, with higher risks for most cancers. For example, the adjusted risk for overall lung cancer was (OR, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.14-1.33), for lung adenocarcinoma was (OR, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), for lung squamous cell carcinoma was (OR, 1.35; 95% CI: 1.19-1.53), and for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer was (OR, 1.73; 95% CI: 1.22-2.44). Especially noteworthy, the risk for esophageal cancer increased to (OR, 2.57; 95% CI: 1.23-5.37). Mediation analyses further highlighted GERD as a significant mediator in the relationships between BMI, smoking, major depression, and cancer risks. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a significant causal relationship between GERD and increased cancer risk, highlighting its role in cancer development and underscoring the necessity of incorporating GERD management into cancer prevention strategies.


Assuntos
Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Neoplasias , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/genética , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Biobanco do Reino Unido , Reino Unido/epidemiologia
5.
J Transl Med ; 22(1): 160, 2024 02 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365769

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Telomere length has long been recognized as a valuable biomarker of aging and is inversely correlated with chronological age. Various lifestyle factors have been implicated in telomere shortening or preservation; however, the association between lifestyle factors and telomere length remains controversial. To address this issue, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal associations between multiple lifestyle factors and telomere length. METHODS: Independent genetic variants strongly associated with lifestyle factors (tobacco smoking, sleep duration, insomnia, and physical activity) were selected as instrumental variables from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary-level data for telomere length was obtained from a GWAS comprising 472,174 European ancestries. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to assess the relationships. RESULTS: The genetic liability to lifetime smoking was robustly associated with shorter telomere length (odd ratio [OR]: 0.882; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.847-0.918). Genetically predicted insomnia was also linked to shorter telomere length (OR: 0.972; 95% CI: 0.959-0.985), while no significant association was observed between sleep duration and telomere length. Furthermore, a suggestive association was found between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and longer telomere length (OR: 1.680; 95% CI: 1.115-2.531). In multivariable MR analyses, adjusting for potential mediators such as body mass index, type 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorder, the associations of lifetime smoking and insomnia with telomere length remained robust. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that smoking and insomnia may contribute to telomere shortening, while physical activity may play a role in telomere length maintenance. These findings underscore the importance of managing positive risk factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle to promote telomere health.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Humanos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Telômero/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único
6.
J Biol Inorg Chem ; 29(3): 375-383, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38289478

RESUMO

Previous studies reported that Pb exposure causes a negative association with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (δ-ALAD), but the impact of Pb exposure (dose and time), B vitamin deficiencies, and lifestyle factors needs to be explored. In this study, the impact of Pb exposure, B vitamin deficiencies, and lifestyle factors on δ-ALAD activity among workers exposed to Pb from the Pb-recycling process was evaluated. Blood lead levels (BLLs), B vitamins (B6, B9, and B12), hematological factors (Hb% and HCT), lifestyle factors, and δ-ALAD activity was assessed in 170 male Pb-exposed workers engaged in the Pb recycling process. BLLs are estimated using the ICP-OES method. B vitamins in serum samples from workers were determined using the ELISA method. The δ-ALAD activity in whole blood samples was determined using the spectrophotometer method. The lifestyle factors were collected using a standard questionnaire. The δ-ALAD activity was significantly decreased in workers with the habits of alcohol use, tobacco consumption, hematocrit < 41%, mild and moderate categories of anemia, vitamin B6 and B12 deficiency, and BLL categories of 10-30, 30-50, and > 50 µg/dL. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent variables of alcohol consumption (ß = - 0.170; P = 0.025), BLLs (ß = - 0.589; P = 0.001) and Hb% (ß = 0.183; P = 0.001) significantly influenced the δ-ALAD activity with 44.2% (R2 = 0.442). Among the workers exposed to Pb from the Pb recycling plant, δ-ALAD activity was considerably reduced by Pb exposure, B vitamin deficiency, hematological parameters, and lifestyle factors.


Assuntos
Chumbo , Exposição Ocupacional , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio , Humanos , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/metabolismo , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/sangue , Masculino , Chumbo/sangue , Adulto , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Deficiência de Vitaminas do Complexo B/sangue , Reciclagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complexo Vitamínico B/sangue
7.
J Nutr ; 154(4): 1069-1079, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453027

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Although the overall incidence of CRC has been decreasing over the past 40 y, early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which is defined as a CRC diagnosis in patients aged >50 y has increased. In this Perspective, we highlight and summarize the association between diet quality and excess adiposity, and EOCRC. We also explore chronic psychosocial stress (CPS), a less investigated modifiable risk factor, and EOCRC. We were able to show that a poor-quality diet, characterized by a high intake of sugary beverages and a Western diet pattern (high intake of red and processed meats, refined grains, and foods with added sugars) can promote risk factors associated with EOCRC development, such as an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, presence of chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Excess adiposity, particularly obesity onset in early adulthood, is a likely contributor of EOCRC. Although the research is sparse examining CPS and CRC/EOCRC, we describe likely pathways linking CPS to tumorigenesis. Although additional research is needed to understand what factors are driving the uptick in EOCRC, managing body weight, improving diet quality, and mitigating psychosocial stress, may play an important role in reducing an individual's risk of EOCRC.


Assuntos
Adiposidade , Neoplasias Colorretais , Adulto , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Dieta Ocidental , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Açúcares
8.
Curr Atheroscler Rep ; 26(6): 189-203, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38573470

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD). RECENT FINDINGS: pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD. Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/genética , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/complicações , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/epidemiologia , Idade de Início
9.
Ann Behav Med ; 58(3): 179-191, 2024 02 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38175927

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: US Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately susceptible to metabolic syndrome (MetS), attributed in part to systemic inequities related to health and lifestyle factors such as low physical activity (PA) levels, diet quality, alcohol use, tobacco use, and sleep disorder. Gender and heritage group differences are vastly understudied and need to be examined in this heterogeneous population. PURPOSE: To examine the relationships between select health and lifestyle factors and MetS among Hispanic gender and heritage subgroups (Hypothesis 1) and determine whether gender and heritage moderate those relationships (Hypothesis 2). METHODS: Participants included 14,155 Hispanic Americans aged 18-76 (59% female, mean age 45.92 ± 13.97) from seven heritage subgroups. This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the observational Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) dataset used hierarchical multinomial logistic regression to test Hypothesis 1; the dependent variable, MetS, included three categories delineating absence of MetS and presence of MetS with or without related medication use. Hayes' PROCESS macro tested Hypothesis 2. RESULTS: Low PA and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) each had significant (p < .001) predictive value of MetS group membership, whereas both low and high alcohol use (p < .001) were associated with decreased MetS risk. Cigarette pack-years were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Gender moderated the association between MetS and alcohol use (p < .001), cigarette pack-years (p < .001), and SDB (p < .001) such that the effects on MetS were higher in females than males. The association between MetS and diet quality (p < .001) was stronger among males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: Gender and heritage differences were prominent among study variables.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Hispânico ou Latino , Estilo de Vida , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Fatores de Risco , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Idoso
10.
Prev Med ; 181: 107908, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38382765

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Social jetlag is a discordance between the social and biological rhythm and is associated with higher HbA1c, higher BMI, and higher odds of obesity. The pathways that could explain these associations are still debated. This study aims to assess the mediating role of several lifestyle factors in the cross-sectional association between social jetlag and BMI. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from 1784 adults from urban areas in the Netherlands, collected in 2019. Social jetlag (difference in midpoint of sleep between week and weekend nights) was categorized as low(<1 h), moderate(1-2h), and high(>2 h). BMI(kg/m2) was calculated from self-reported height and weight. The association between social jetlag and BMI was assessed using linear regression, adjusted for sex, age, education, and sleep duration and stratified for the effect modifier stress (high vs. low). Mediation analysis was performed for self-reported smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and adherence to a healthy diet. RESULTS: High social jetlag was associated with higher BMI (0.69 kg/m2,95%CI 0.05;1.33). This association was stronger in people with high stress (0.93 kg/m2,95%CI 0.09;1.76). Social jetlag was also associated with higher odds of smoking, lower physical activity, higher alcohol consumption, and lower healthy diet adherence. In people with high stress, these factors mediated 10-15% of the association between social jetlag and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Social jetlag is associated with higher BMI and this association is stronger in people with high stress. In people with high stress, healthy diet adherence mediated 12% of this association. Other pathways involved in this association should be further investigated.

11.
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol ; : 8919887241237224, 2024 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459948

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype disclosure to be safe and well-tolerated in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. This study aimed to examine the effect of the disclosure process on decisions about future directives and health behaviors in community-dwelling CU older adults from the Butler Alzheimer's Prevention Registry (BAPR). METHODS: CU APOE E4 non-carriers (n = 106) and carriers (n = 80) aged 58-78 completed in-person psychological readiness screening to undergo APOE disclosure. Follow-up assessments were completed online 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months post-disclosure. The primary outcomes were future directives, dietary habits, and physical activity scores. RESULTS: Disclosure was associated with decision making on future directives in E4 carriers (t = 3.59, P = .01) at 6 months compared to baseline, but not non-carriers. Family history of memory impairment, SCD endorsement, and education consistently predicted scores on future directives. A significant interaction between E4+ and SCD endorsement on future directive scores was noted (OR = 163.06, 9.5-2,799.8). E4 + carrier status was associated with physical activity (W = 60,148, P = .005) but not dietary habits scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that disclosure led to a change in future directives but not protective health behaviors, specifically in E4 carriers. Future work will explore whether pairing disclosure with education about the role of lifestyle factors in AD risk and providing guidelines on making risk-lowering lifestyle modifications as an intervention approach leads to positive change.

12.
Eur J Nutr ; 2024 Aug 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39167177

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) impacts maternal and fetal health; deviations from optimal ranges pose health risks. Maternal lifestyle before and during pregnancy strongly influences GWG. This study explores factors linked to inadequate GWG, focusing on Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and specific food consumption. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 178 pregnant women were enrolled at Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia) during pre-hospital care before birth meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sociodemographic data, pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, MD adherence, physical activity (PA) levels, and smoking habits were retrospectively collected. Validated questionnaires adapted for the target group, assessed MD adherence and PA level. Participants were classified into adequate (AGWG) and inadequate GWG groups following IOM guidelines. RESULTS: Among 200 pregnant women (aged 30-36), 37.1% experienced low GWG and 24.1% excessive GWG. Our study revealed a significant association between inadequate GWG and educational level (P = 0.011); pre-pregnancy BMI (P = 0.005); MD adherence (P = 0.008), and daily average consumption of vegetables (P < 0.001). Our results also showed that a lower risk of EGWG vs. AGWG was associated with daily average consumption of vegetables (RRR = 0.279, P = 0.004), while a higher risk of EGWG vs. AGWG was associated with high daily meat product consumption (> 1.5 portions/day) (RRR = 7.83, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the importance of promoting lifestyle changes before and during pregnancy to tackle the increasing incidence of inadequate GWG and improve the health outcomes of both mother and child.

13.
J Epidemiol ; 34(4): 164-169, 2024 Apr 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37635084

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Disaster survivors experience deterioration in lifestyles and an increase in constipation. After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, some survivors were evacuated for a long term, even after moving to temporary housing and public reconstruction housing. However, annual changes in constipation and the association between lifestyles and constipation among the survivors are still unknown. METHODS: Overall, 9,234 survivors aged 18 years or older participated in this 9-year follow-up survey after the disaster. Information about the prevalence of constipation and lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and mental health) was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Their dietary intake was categorized into the following two dietary patterns: prudent (fish and shellfish, soybean products, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products) and meat (meat and eggs). Odds ratios for constipation according to lifestyle factors were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: In women, the prevalence of constipation was the highest at baseline (8.7%) and remained around 5% afterward. In both men and women, older age, poor mental health, and poor physical activity were significantly associated with higher odds ratios of constipation. Moreover, a lower frequency of meals and a lower prudent dietary score were significantly associated with women's constipation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of constipation was the highest at baseline and remained around 5% in women. Lifestyle factors, such as poor mental health, physical inactivity, and low frequency of meals were associated with constipation. Our findings suggest continuous support for the survivors with constipation for medium- to long-term after disasters.


Assuntos
Terremotos , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Japão/epidemiologia , Estilo de Vida , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Habitação Popular
14.
Int Urogynecol J ; 35(7): 1511-1519, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38900163

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Identifying the factors influencing the development of female urinary incontinence (UI) may facilitate early intervention, potentially delaying its progression. This study was aimed at investigating the impact of lifestyle habits on the severity of UI among women in East China. METHODS: This study included 414 women from six communities in East China who reported symptoms of UI and was conducted between September and December 2020. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Toileting Behaviours: Women's Elimination Behaviours scale, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form Chinese Version. Participants were categorised into two groups: those with mild UI and those with moderate-to-severe UI. Propensity-score matching was performed to balance confounding factors, and logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between lifestyle behaviours and UI severity. RESULTS: A total of 117 pairs were successfully matched. Logistic regression analysis revealed that daily perineal cleaning significantly protected against moderate-to-severe UI (p < 0.05). Conversely, living alone, poor sleep quality and hovering over the toilet while voiding were identified as independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe UI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Several lifestyle habits significantly impact the severity of UI among adult women. Screening for mild urinary leakage symptoms and implementing timely interventions are crucial for preventing the aggravation of UI and improving ability to work and quality of life.


Assuntos
Estilo de Vida , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Incontinência Urinária , Humanos , Feminino , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso
15.
Climacteric ; 27(1): 60-67, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38073542

RESUMO

Improvements in cancer care have led to an exponential increase in cancer survival. This is particularly the case for breast cancer, where 5-year survival in Australia exceeds 90%. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as one of the competing causes of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors, both as a complication of cancer therapies and because the risk factors for cancer are shared with those for CVD. In this review we cover the key aspects of cardiovascular care for women throughout their cancer journey: the need for baseline cardiovascular risk assessment and management, a crucial component of the cardiovascular care; the importance of long-term surveillance for ongoing maintenance of cardiovascular health; and strong evidence for the beneficial effects of physical exercise to improve both cancer and cardiovascular outcomes. There is general disparity in cardiovascular outcomes for women, which is further exacerbated when both CVD and cancer co-exist. Collaboration between oncology and cardiac services, with an emergence of the whole field of cardio-oncology, allows for expedited investigation and treatment for these patients. This collaboration as well as a holistic approach to patient care and key role of patients' general practitioners are essential to ensure long-term health of people living with, during and beyond cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Neoplasias , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Oncologia , Saúde da Mulher
16.
BMC Womens Health ; 24(1): 244, 2024 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38632566

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status as measured by education, income, or occupation, has been associated with fibromyalgia but the underlying mechanism and the role of lifestyle factors are unclear. Thus, we examine the role of modifiable lifestyle factors (body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in the association between education and self-reported fibromyalgia. METHODS: We used data from 74,157 participants in the population-based prospective Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. Socioeconomic position, operationalized as years of educational attainment, and lifestyle factors were assessed via self-reported questionnaires. Multiple mediation analysis was used to decompose total effects into direct and indirect effects. Estimates were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of fibromyalgia was 3.2% after a median follow up time of 13 years. Fibromyalgia was inversely associated with years of educational attainment for ≤ 9 years (HR = 2.56; 95% CI 2.32-2.91) and for 10-12 years (HR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.72-2.02), compared with ≥ 13 years of education. Overall, all lifestyle factors together jointly mediated 17.3% (95% CI 14.3-21.6) and 14.1% (95% CI 11.3-18.9) of the total effect for ≤ 9 years and 10-12 years of education, respectively. Smoking and alcohol consumption contributed the most to the proportion mediated, for ≤ 9 years (5.0% and 7.0%) and 10-12 years (5.6% and 4.5%) of education. CONCLUSION: The association between education and self-reported fibromyalgia was partly explained through lifestyle factors, mainly smoking and alcohol consumption.


Assuntos
Fibromialgia , Humanos , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Mediação , Estilo de Vida , Escolaridade
17.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 878, 2024 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515098

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescent mental health problems are on the rise globally, including in Sweden. One indicator of this trend is increased psychosomatic symptoms (PSS) over time. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may influence the time trends in PSS; however, the evidence base is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time trends in PSS and lifestyle factors. METHODS: The study was based on data collected from a nationally representative sample of 9,196 fifteen-year-old boys and girls in Sweden using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) symptom checklist. The sample comprised nearly equal proportions of girls (50.5%) and boys. The lifestyle factors examined in this study included PA, regular breakfast intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, or soft drinks, smoking, and alcohol drunkenness. We used data from 2002 to 2018 and stratified by family affluence scale (FAS) to demonstrate how the associations varied among the FAS groups. We fitted separate regression models for the high- and low-FAS groups, where interaction terms between the year of survey and each lifestyle factor were used to estimate the level and direction of associations between the factors and trends in PSS. RESULTS: There was a generally increasing trend in PSS mean scores from 2.26 in 2002 to 2.49 in 2018 (p <.001). The changes in each survey year compared to the average mean scores during the preceding years were significant in all years except 2010. Regular breakfast intake, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, and higher PA were associated with lower PSS mean scores, while smoking and drunkenness had opposite associations with PSS. The only significant interaction between survey year and the lifestyle factors was observed regarding drunkenness in the high FAS group, suggesting that the association between trends in PSS and the experience of getting drunk at least twice got stronger over time (B = 0.057; CI:0.016, 0.097; p <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate increasing trends in PSS among young people in Sweden from 2002 to 2018, with a significant increase observed among adolescents in the high FAS group who reported getting drunk on at least two occasions.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Dieta , Estilo de Vida , Frutas , Verduras
18.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 1955, 2024 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39039502

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In this prospective study, we aimed to examine the association between ultra-processed foods and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to evaluate the effect of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on this association. METHODS: This study included 1766 adults (aged 18 to 78, 54.3% women), who took part in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study. The Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2 was used to determine HRQoL, which includes the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Ultra-processed food consumption was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Lifestyle (physical activity and smoking status) and socioeconomic factors (education level and employment status) were also determined. General linear models (GLM) were applied to estimate the mean (95% confidence interval) for MCS and PCS scores across the ultra-processed foods tertiles. Additionally, the effect of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on the relationship between ultra-processed foods and HRQoL was examined using GLM. RESULTS: The median consumption of ultra-processed foods was 11.9% (IQR: 8.2 to 16.8) of total energy intake. There was a significant inverse association between ultra-processed foods consumption and PCS, but not MCS, after adjustment for confounding factors. Significant interactions were observed between ultra-processed food consumption, sex, and occupation on PCS score (all P values < 0.001). The interaction test tended to be significant for smoking status, education levels, and physical activity levels. As ultra-processed food consumption increased, the PCS score significantly decreased in women (P = 0.043), low physical active subjects (P = 0.014), smokers (P = 0.015), and lower-educated individuals (P = 0.022). Non-employed individuals with higher ultra-processed food intake showed a decline in their PCS and MCS scores. While there was no significant difference in MCS score among different strata of lifestyle and socioeconomic status across tertiles of ultra-processed foods. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with poorer physical health, particularly among women, those with unhealthy lifestyles, and low socioeconomic conditions.


Assuntos
Fast Foods , Estilo de Vida , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Irã (Geográfico) , Fast Foods/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Alimento Processado
19.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2174, 2024 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39134948

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic diseases are a major global health concern. This study aims to identify areas for targeted interventions and investigate the impact of socioeconomic status and lifestyle as a potential mediator in the context of the US. METHODS: Our study analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5, a nationwide survey by the National Cancer Institute. Using standardized scales and questions, we examined cardiometabolic disease outcomes, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status of non-institutionalized civilians aged 18 + in the US. We analyzed the data using structural equation modelling. RESULTS: Our findings show that socioeconomic status and lifestyle significantly predict cardiometabolic disease outcomes. However, our analysis did not support lifestyle as the primary mediating factor in the association between socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic diseases, suggesting that other factors may significantly influence this relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiometabolic diseases require lifestyle and structural interventions addressing socioeconomic factors. Policymakers must consider multifaceted factors to prevent, detect, and manage these diseases effectively and equitably.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Estilo de Vida , Classe Social , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos
20.
BMC Pulm Med ; 24(1): 349, 2024 Jul 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39026200

RESUMO

Asthma, influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors is leading to poor outcomes and preventable mortality due to inadequate care and limited access to effective treatments. This study aimed to analyze self-reported asthma prevalence in Turkey, focusing on its determinants, such as individual factors, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and healthcare access.This study conducts a secondary analysis of the 2019 Turkiye Health Survey (THS), employing a nationally representative cross-sectional design by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The sampling utilized a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method, with data from 16,976 adults (aged 15 years and older) analyzed for asthma determinants. The independent variables are categorized into four domains: individual factors, lifestyle assessment, socioeconomic factors, and access to the healthcare services.The prevalence of asthma is 9.8%, varying significantly across demographics. Higher asthma rates are observed among older, divorced/widowed individuals, those with communication difficulties, and obese individuals. Cost-related unmet healthcare needs and appointment scheduling delays increase asthma risk. Logistic regression models identified age, marital status, obesity, education level, and healthcare access as significant predictors of asthma.This study underscores the multifaceted determinants of asthma in Turkey, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions addressing individual, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and healthcare access factors.


Assuntos
Asma , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Autorrelato , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Asma/epidemiologia , Turquia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Idoso , Prevalência , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Modelos Logísticos , Fatores de Risco
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