Negative Capacitance and Dielectric Constant of Nanocomposite SiAlzOxNy(Si) Films with Semiconductor Nanoparticles.

The electrical properties of nanocomposite SiAlzOxNy(Si) films containing Si nanoclusters embedded into amorphous SiAlzOxNy matrix have been studied by measurements of DC current-voltage and AC capacitance-voltage characteristics. Analysis of the results allowed us to conclude the existence of a negative dielectric constant. The temperature dependence of the negative dielectric constant has been obtained and analyzed. The negative capacitance has been revealed during measurements of capacitance-voltage characteristics at testing signal frequency of 2 kHz. The negative capacitance also points out the appearance of a negative dielectric constant effect. The qualitative model for explanation of negative dielectric constant based on peculiarities of SiAlzOxNy(Si) films polarization due to electron capture at Si nanoparticles-amorphous SiAlzOxNy matrix interface traps near cathode region has been proposed. In the case of AC C-U measurements, a negative capacitance is observed if conductivity current through the nanocomposite film is relatively high.

Tunable Construction of Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystals/ZnO Films for Ultra-Sensitive, Recyclable Sensing of Humidity and Ethanol.

The investigation of functional materials derived from sustainable and eco-friendly bioresources has generated significant attention. Herein, nanocomposite films based on chiral nematic cellulose crystals (CNCs) were developed by incorporating xylose and biocompatible ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). The nanocomposite films exhibited iridescent color changes that corresponded to the birefringence phenomenon under polarized light, which was attributed to the formation of cholesteric structures. ZnO nanoparticles were proved to successfully adjust the helical pitches of the chiral arrangements of the CNCs, resulting in tunable optical light with shifted wavelength bands. Furthermore, the nanocomposite films showed fast humidity and ethanol stimuli response properties, exhibiting the potential of stimuli sensors of the CNC-based sustainable materials.

Plant protein-based nanocomposite films: A review on the used nanomaterials, characteristics, and food packaging applications.

Consumer demands to utilize environmentally friendly packaging have led researchers to develop packaging materials from naturally derived resources. In recent years, plant protein-based films as a replacement for synthetic plastics have attracted the attention of the global food packaging industry due to their biodegradability and unique properties. Biopolymer-based films need a filler to show improved packaging properties. One of the latest strategies introduced to food packaging technology is the production of nanocomposite films which are multiphase materials containing a filler with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. This review provides the recent findings on plant-based protein films as biodegradable materials that can be combined with nanoparticles that are applicable to food packaging. Moreover, it investigates the characterization of nanocomposite plant-based protein films/edible coatings. It also briefly describes the application of plant-based protein nanocomposite films/coating on fruits/vegetables, meat and seafood products, and some other foods. The results indicate that the functional performance, barrier, mechanical, optical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of plant protein-based materials can be extended by incorporating nanomaterials. Recent reports provide a better understanding of how incorporating nanomaterials into plant protein-based biopolymers leads to an increase in the shelf life of food products during storage time.

Investigation of Dynamic Impact Responses of Layered Polymer-Graphene Nanocomposite Films Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Polymer nanocomposite films have recently shown superior energy dissipation capability through the micro-projectile impact testing method. However, how stress waves interact with nanointerfaces and the underlying deformation mechanisms have remained largely elusive. This paper investigates the detailed stress wave propagation process and dynamic failure mechanisms of layered poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) - graphene nanocomposite films during piston impact through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The spatiotemporal contours of stress and local density clearly demonstrate shock front, reflected wave, and release wave. By plotting shock front velocity (U s ) against piston velocity (U p ), we find that the linear Hugoniot U s - U p relationship generally observed for bulk polymer systems also applies to the layered nanocomposite system. When the piston reaches a critical velocity, PMMA crazing can emerge at the location where the major reflected wave and release wave meet. We show that the activation of PMMA crazing significantly enhances the energy dissipation ratio of the nanocomposite films, defined as the ratio between the dissipated energy through irreversible deformation and the input kinetic energy. The ratio maximizes at the critical U p when the PMMA crazing starts to develop and then decreases as U p further increases. We also find that a critical PMMA-graphene interfacial strength is required to activate PMMA crazing instead of interfacial separation. Additionally, layer thickness affects the amount of input kinetic energy and dissipated energy of nanocomposite films under impact. This study provides important insights into the detailed dynamic deformation mechanisms and how nanointerfaces/nanostructures affect the energy dissipation capability of layered nanocomposite films.

The planar anodic Al2O3-ZrO2 nanocomposite capacitor dielectrics for advanced passive device integration.

The need for integrated passive devices (IPDs) emerges from the increasing consumer demand for electronic product miniaturization. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors are vital components of IPD systems. Developing new materials and technologies is essential for advancing capacitor characteristics and co-integrating with other electronic passives. Here we present an innovative electrochemical technology joined with the sputter-deposition of Al and Zr layers to synthesize novel planar nanocomposite metal-oxide dielectrics consisting of ZrO2 nanorods self-embedded into the nanoporous Al2O3 matrix such that its pores are entirely filled with zirconium oxide. The technology is utilized in MIM capacitors characterized by modern surface and interface analysis techniques and electrical measurements. In the 95-480 nm thickness range, the best-achieved MIM device characteristics are the one-layer capacitance density of 112 nF·cm-2, the loss tangent of 4·10-3 at frequencies up to 1 MHz, the leakage current density of 40 pA·cm-2, the breakdown field strength of up to 10 MV·cm-1, the energy density of 100 J·cm-3, the quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance of 4 ppm·V-2, and the temperature coefficient of capacitance of 480 ppm·K-1 at 293-423 K at 1 MHz. The outstanding performance, stability, and tunable capacitors' characteristics allow for their application in low-pass filters, coupling/decoupling/bypass circuits, RC oscillators, energy-storage devices, ultrafast charge/discharge units, or high-precision analog-to-digital converters. The capacitor technology based on the non-porous planar anodic-oxide dielectrics complements the electrochemical conception of IPDs that combined, until now, the anodized aluminum interconnection, microresistors, and microinductors, all co-related in one system for use in portable electronic devices.

Development of pullulan-based nanocomposite films reinforced with starch nanocrystals for the preservation of fresh beef.

BACKGROUND: Incorporation of polysaccharide-based nanofillers is an effective strategy to fabricate bio-nanocomposite films with preferable mechanical, barrier, and surface hydrophobicity properties compared to pure biopolymer films. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of starch nanocrystals obtained from native (NSNC) and waxy rice starch (WSNC) on the physical-chemical properties of pullulan-based nanocomposite films and their preservation performance on fresh beef. RESULTS: Continuous SNCs network structure was observed for pullulan-10% SNCs nanocomposite films, whereas the percolation network of SNCs was destroyed and became no longer continuous with increasing SNCs concentration up to 20% in pullulan films. Among the tested films, pullulan-10% SNCs films showed the highest TS values, lowest WVP and OTR values, due to the formation of percolating SNCs network in pullulan matrix. It is noteworthy that the WVP and OTR values of pullulan-10% WSNC films were significantly lower than that of pullulan-10% NSNC films, probably due to higher hydrophobicity and crystallinity of WSNC compared with NSNC. Beef pieces coated with pullulan-SNCs films had higher L* and a* values, lower TVB-N, TBARS, and TVC values during 7 days' storage at 4 °C compared with samples coated with pullulan films. CONCLUSION: Pullulan-SNCs nanocomposite films, especially pullulan-WSNC films, could be potentially used as a coating material for fresh beef due to their desirable oxygen and water barrier properties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Improving the functionality of biodegradable food packaging materials via porous nanomaterials.

Non-biodegradability and disposal problems are the major challenges associated with synthetic plastic packaging. This review article discusses a new generation of biodegradable active and smart packaging based on porous nanomaterials (PNMs), which maintains the quality and freshness of food products while meeting biodegradability requirements. PNMs have recently gained significant attention in the field of food packaging due to their large surface area, peculiar structures, functional flexibility, and thermal stability. We present for the first time the recently published literature on the incorporation of various PNMs into renewable materials to develop advanced, environmentally friendly, and high-quality packaging technology. Various emerging packaging technologies are discussed in this review, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, it provides general information about PNMs, their characterization, and fabrication methods. It also briefly describes the effects of different PNMs on the functionality of biopolymeric films. Furthermore, we examined how smart packaging loaded with PNMs can improve food shelf life and reduce food waste. The results indicate that PNMs play a critical role in improving the antimicrobial, thermal, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of natural packaging materials. These tailor-made materials can simultaneously extend the shelf life of food while reducing plastic usage and food waste.

Effect of pH on functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties of bio-nanocomposite gelatin film for food packaging application.

A bio-nanocomposite film is a polymer blend with nanofiller dispersed in a biopolymer matrix. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties of bio-nanocomposite films incorporated with chicken skin gelatin/ tapioca starch/zinc oxide at different pH levels (pH 4, 6, 7 and 8). Bio-nanocomposite films were prepared using a casting technique followed by the characterization of their functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties. Film formulations with pH at different levels showed increased thickness, colour and water vapour permeability (WVP) (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase of pH in films in chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films increased the tensile strength (TS), while decreasing the elongation at break (EAB). The highest response for ammonia gas in chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films was obtained at pH 7, with quick response time (τres) within 10 s. The inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus in chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films increased with increasing pH levels. Overall, chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films with a pH level of 8 were found to have the optimal formulation, with the highest values in thickness, and TS, with the lowest values for WVP and EAB. In conclusion, bio-nanocomposite chicken skin gelatin films with an alkaline pH are a superior packaging material.

UV Protective, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Compostable Polylactic Acid Composites Containing Pristine and Chemically Modified Lignin Nanoparticles.

Polylactic acid (PLA) films containing 1 wt % and 3 wt % of lignin nanoparticles (pristine (LNP), chemically modified with citric acid (caLNP) and acetylated (aLNP)) were prepared by extrusion and characterized in terms of their overall performance as food packaging materials. Morphological, mechanical, thermal, UV-Vis barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties were assayed; appropriate migration values in food simulants and disintegration in simulated composting conditions were also verified. The results obtained indicated that all lignin nanoparticles succeeded in conferring UV-blocking, antioxidant and antibacterial properties to the PLA films, especially at the higher filler loadings assayed. Chemical modification of the fillers partially reduced the UV protection and the antioxidant properties of the resulting composites, but it induced better nanoparticles dispersion, reduced aggregates size, enhanced ductility and improved aesthetic quality of the films through reduction of the characteristic dark color of lignin. Migration tests and disintegration assays of the nanocomposites in simulated composting conditions indicated that, irrespectively of their formulation, the multifunctional nanocomposite films prepared behaved similarly to neat PLA.

Influence of three-dimensional nanoparticle branching on the Young's modulus of nanocomposites: Effect of interface orientation.

With the availability of nanoparticles with controlled size and shape, there has been renewed interest in the mechanical properties of polymer/nanoparticle blends. Despite the large number of theoretical studies, the effect of branching for nanofillers tens of nanometers in size on the elastic stiffness of these composite materials has received limited attention. Here, we examine the Young's modulus of nanocomposites based on a common block copolymer (BCP) blended with linear nanorods and nanoscale tetrapod Quantum Dots (tQDs), in electrospun fibers and thin films. We use a phenomenological lattice spring model (LSM) as a guide in understanding the changes in the Young's modulus of such composites as a function of filler shape. Reasonable agreement is achieved between the LSM and the experimental results for both nanoparticle shapes--with only a few key physical assumptions in both films and fibers--providing insight into the design of new nanocomposites and assisting in the development of a qualitative mechanistic understanding of their properties. The tQDs impart the greatest improvements, enhancing the Young's modulus by a factor of 2.5 at 20 wt.%. This is 1.5 times higher than identical composites containing nanorods. An unexpected finding from the simulations is that both the orientation of the nanoscale filler and the orientation of X-type covalent bonds at the nanoparticle-ligand interface are important for optimizing the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The tQD provides an orientational optimization of the interfacial and filler bonds arising from its three-dimensional branched shape unseen before in nanocomposites with inorganic nanofillers.

Investigation on the pH-independent photoluminescence emission from carbon dots impregnated on polymer matrix.

Highly luminescent, polymer nanocomposite films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and monodispersed carbon dots (C-dots) derived from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as coatings on substrates as well as free standing ones are obtained via solution-based techniques. The synthesized films exhibit pH-independent photoluminescence (PL) emission, which is an advantageous property compared with the pH-dependent photoluminescence intensity variations, generally observed for the C-dots dispersed in aqueous solution. The synthesized C-dots and the nanocomposite films are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) - visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) techniques. The TEM image provides clear evidence for the formation of C-dots of almost uniform shape and average size of about 8 nm, homogeneously dispersed in aqueous medium. The strong anchoring of C-dots within the polymer matrix can be confirmed from the XRD results. The FTIR spectral studies conclusively establish the presence of oxygen functional groups on the surfaces of the C-dots. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of the nanocomposite films are broad, covering most part of the visible region. The PL spectra do not show any luminescence intensity variations, when the pH of the medium is changed from 1 to 11. The pH-independent luminescence, shown by these films offers ample scope for using them as coatings for designing diagnostic and imaging tools in bio medical applications. The non-toxic nature of these nanocomposite films has been established on the basis of cytotoxicity studies.

Very High Surface Area Mesoporous Thin Films of SrTiO3 Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Application to Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

Very high surface area, self-assembled, highly crystalline mesoporous SrTiO3 (STO) thin films were developed for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Much improved performance of these mesoporous films compared to planar STO thin films and any other form of STO such as single crystal samples and nanostructures was demonstrated. The high performance resulted from very large surface area films and optimization of carrier concentration.

Bioinspired, Ultrastrong, Highly Biocompatible, and Bioactive Natural Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films.

Tough and biocompatible nanocomposite films: A new type of bioinspired ultrastrong, highly biocompatible, and bioactive konjac glucomannan (KGM)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite film is fabricated on a large scale by a simple solution-casting method. Such KGM-GO composite films exhibit much enhanced mechanical properties under the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, showing great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and food package.

Characterization of the new biodegradable WPI/clay nanocomposite films based on kefiran exopolysaccharide.

Physico-mechanical, thermal and structural characteristics of nanocomposite film composed of kefiran-whey protein isolate (WPI)-montmorillonite (MMT; 1, 3 and 5 % w/w) were studied. Incorporation of MMT significantly affected the mechanical attributes of the kefiran-WPI films. The tensile strength and Young's modulus increased and the percentage of elongation at break decreased as the MMT content increased. Moisture content, moisture absorption and water solubility decreased as the MMT concentration increased. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the glass transition temperature for kefiran-WPI film was -12.5 °C and was noticeably affected by an increase in MMT. X-ray diffraction analysis showed formation of an exfoliated structure with the addition of small amounts of MMT to the kefiran-WPI matrix. Intercalation and some exfoliation occurred up to 5 % (wt) increase in MMT. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated ideal dispersion for MMT nanoparticles into the structure of the bio-nanocomposite films.

Preparation and characterization of self-assembled percolative BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanocomposites via magnetron co-sputtering.

BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 composite films were prepared on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by using a radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering method at 750 °C. These films contained highly (001)-oriented crystalline phases of perovskite BaTiO3 and spinel CoFe2O4, which can form a self-assembled nanostructure with BaTiO3 well-dispersed into CoFe2O4 under optimized sputtering conditions. A prominent dielectric percolation behavior was observed in the self-assembled nanocomposite. Compared with pure BaTiO3 films sputtered under similar conditions, the nanocomposite film showed higher dielectric constants and lower dielectric losses together with a dramatically suppressed frequency dispersion. This dielectric percolation phenomenon can be explained by the 'micro-capacitor' model, which was supported by measurement results of the electric polarization and leakage current.

Recovery and characterization of cellulose microfibers from fallen leaves and evaluation of their potential as reinforcement agents for production of new biodegradable packaging materials.

In the present work, cellulose microfibers (CMFs) isolated from fallen autumn leaves of cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera pissardii nigra), white mulberry (Morus alba) and plane (Platanus orientalis) trees were characterized and used as reinforcement agents in sodium alginate-based biodegradable films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization showed that the CMFs were successfully isolated from the leaves with high purity. The extracted CMFs had a particle size ranging from 321.20 nm to 632.26 nm and negative zeta potential values (-27.33 to -21.40). The extraction yield of CMFs ranged from 19.53% to 26.00%. Incorporation of the leaf-derived CMFs into sodium alginate based films (1%, w:w) increased their tensile strength (from 153.73 to 187.78 MPa) and elongation at break values (from 105.97% to 89.90%) and significantly decreased oxygen (from 121.46 to 75.56 meq kg-1) and water vapor permeabilities (from 2.36 to 1.60 g mm h-1 m-2 kPa-1)(p < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of CMFs into the biopolymer matrix had no significant effect on the color (L*: 85.35-85.67; a*: -0.75-0.71; b*: 4.23-4.94) and moisture content (44.64-48.42%) of the film samples, although the thickness increased (40.33-94.66 µm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that CMFs were homogeneously dispersed in the film matrix. Overall, this study confirms that fallen cherry plum, white mulberry, and plane leaves are valuable sources of CMFs which could be used in the manufacturing of biodegradable nanocomposite films as reinforcement agents.

Multifunctional bio-nanocomposite films integrated with essential oils@metal-phenolic network nanocapsules for durable fruit preservation.

Food spoilage exacerbates global hunger and poverty, necessitating urgent advancements in food shelf life extension methodologies. However, balancing antibacterial efficacy for food preservation with human and environmental safety remains a significant challenge. Natural essential oils (EOs), known for their potent antibacterial and antioxidant properties, offer eco-friendly alternatives, yet their high volatility and instability limit practical applications. Herein, we conducted the encapsulation of EOs within biocompatible metal phenolic networks (MPNs) to create EOs@MPN nanocapsules. Subsequently, these nanocapsules were integrated into bio-nanocomposite films composed of natural soy protein isolate (SPI) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The resulting films exhibited robust mechanical properties (Tensile Strength >10 MPa) and significantly enhanced antioxidant activity (7-fold higher than pure films). Importantly, the synergistic combination of EOs and MPNs conferred enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Safety assessments confirmed the bio-nanocomposite films' high biodegradability (> 90 %) and negligible cytotoxicity, ensuring environmental sustainability and human health safety. In practical applications, the bio-nanocomposite films effectively delayed the surface browning of fresh-cut fruits for up to 48 h, demonstrating a pronounced synergistic antioxidative effect against oxidation. Moreover, tomatoes and blueberries packaged with the bio-nanocomposite films still maintained freshness for up to 12 days, offering promising strategies for extending the shelf life of perishable fruits. These findings underscore the potential of EOs@MPN-based bio-nanocomposite films as sustainable solutions for food preservation and highlight their practical viability in mitigating food spoilage and enhancing food security globally.

Biosustainable Multiscale Transparent Nanocomposite Films for Sensitive Pressure and Humidity Sensors.

Light weight, thinness, transparency, flexibility, and insulation are the key indicators for flexible electronic device substrates. The common flexible substrates are usually polymer materials, but their recycling is an overwhelming challenge. Meanwhile, paper substrates are limited in practical applications because of their poor mechanical and thermal stability. However, natural biomaterials have excellent mechanical properties and versatility thanks to their organic-inorganic multiscale structures, which inspired us to design an organic-inorganic nanocomposite film. For this purpose, a bio-inspired multiscale film was developed using cellulose nanofibers with abundant hydrophilic functional groups to assist in dispersing hydroxyapatite nanowires. The thickness of the biosustainable film is only 40 µm, and it incorporates distinctive mechanical properties (strength: 52.8 MPa; toughness: 0.88 MJ m-3) and excellent optical properties (transmittance: 80.0%; haze: 71.2%). Consequently, this film is optimal as a substrate employed for flexible sensors, which can transmit capacitance and resistance signals through wireless Bluetooth, showing an ultrasensitive response to pressure and humidity (for example, responding to finger pressing with 5000% signal change and exhaled water vapor with 4000% signal change). Therefore, the comprehensive performance of the biomimetic multiscale organic-inorganic composite film confers a prominent prospect in flexible electronics devices, food packaging, and plastic substitution.

Nanocomposite Films of Babassu Coconut Mesocarp and Green ZnO Nanoparticles for Application in Antimicrobial Food Packaging.

In this work, novel nanocomposite films based on babassu coconut mesocarp and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), synthesized by a green route, were produced for application as food packaging films. The films were prepared using the casting method containing different contents of ZnO NPs (0 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%). The films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), instrumental color analysis, and optical properties. The water vapor permeability (WVP) and tensile strength of films were also determined. The antimicrobial activity of the films against cooked turkey ham samples contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The results showed that incorporating ZnO NPs into babassu mesocarp matrices influenced the structure of the biopolymer chains and the color of the films. The BM/ZnO-0.5 film (0.5 wt% ZnO NPs) showed better thermal, mechanical, and WVP properties. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of babassu mesocarp and ZnO NPs in the BM/ZnO-0.5 film improved the antimicrobial properties of the material, reducing the microbial count of S. aureus in cooked turkey ham samples stored under refrigeration for 7 days. Thus, the films produced in this study showed promising antimicrobial packaging materials for processed foods.

Enhancing Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites with Carboxy-Functionalized Graphene: An In-Depth Analysis of Mechanical, Barrier, Electrical, Antibacterial, and Chemical Properties.

To enhance the various properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), varying concentrations of carboxy-functionalized graphene (CFG) were employed in the preparation of CFG/PVA nanocomposite films. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that CFG, in contrast to graphene, not only possesses carboxylic acid group but also exhibits higher crystallinity. Mechanical testing indicated a notable superiority of CFG addition over graphene, with optimal mechanical properties such as tensile and yield strengths being achieved at a 3% CFG concentration. Relative to pure PVA, the tensile strength and yield strength of the composite increased by 2.07 and 2.01 times, respectively. XRD analysis showed distinct changes in the crystalline structure of PVA with the addition of CFG, highlighting the influence of CFG on the composite structure. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the formation of ester bonds between CFG and PVA, enhancing the overall performance of the material. TGA results also demonstrated that the presence of CFG enhanced the thermal stability of CFG/PVA nanocomposite films. However, analyses using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that a 3% concentration of CFG was uniformly dispersed, whereas a 6% concentration of CFG caused aggregation of the nanofiller, leading to a decrease in performance. The incorporation of CFG significantly enhanced the water vapor and oxygen barrier properties of PVA, with the best performance observed at a 3% CFG concentration. Beyond this concentration, barrier properties were diminished owing to CFG aggregation. The study further demonstrated an increase in electrical conductivity and hydrophobicity of the nanocomposites with the addition of CFG. Antibacterial tests against E. coli showed that CFG/PVA nanocomposites exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, especially at higher CFG concentrations. These findings indicate that CFG/PVA nanocomposites, with an optimized CFG concentration, have significant potential for applications requiring enhanced mechanical strength, barrier properties, and antibacterial capabilities.