Waistline to thigh circumference ratio as a predictor of MAFLD: a health care worker study with 2-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether the waist-to-thigh ratio (WTTR) is associated with the incidence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in health care workers. METHODS: There were 4517 health care workers with baseline data and results from 2 follow-up examinations. We divided the subjects into 3 groups according to baseline WTTR and used the Cox hazard regression model to estimate MAFLD risk. RESULTS: The WTTRs were categorized by tertiles at baseline using the values 1.58 and 1.66. Patients with higher WTTR tended to have significantly greater values for the following factors, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and neck circumference. The incidence of MAFLD significantly increased with increasing WTTR tertiles (5.74%, 12.75% and 22.25% for the first, second and third tertiles, respectively, P < 0.05 for trend). Kaplan-Meier(K-M) survival analysis revealed a significant tendency towards increased MAFLD risk with increasing WTTR tertile. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for MAFLD in the second, third WTTR tertiles compared with the first quartile were 2.17(1.58,2.98), 3.63(2.70,4.89), respectively, third neck circumference tertiles compared with the first quartile were 2.84(1.89,4.25), 8.95(6.00,13.35), respectively. Compared with those of individuals with a BMI > 23 kg/m2, the associations between WTTR and MAFLD incidence were more pronounced in subjects with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. Similarly, the difference in neck circumference was more pronounced in these patients with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that the WTTR is an independent risk factor for MAFLD, and there was a dose‒response relationship between the WTTR and MAFLD risk. The neck circumference was significantly different in subjects with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. This approach provides a new way to predict the incidence rate of MAFLD.

Sarin exposure, mortality and cancer incidence in UK military veterans involved in human experiments at Porton Down: 52-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether UK military personnel exposed to sarin during the 'Service Volunteer Programme' at Porton Down had increased rates of mortality or cancer incidence over a 52-year follow-up. METHODS: A historical cohort study assembled from UK military records, comprising male veterans exposed to sarin during the 'Service Volunteer Programme' at Porton Down, UK (n=2975) and a comparison group of similar veterans who did not attend (n=2919). Mortality and cancer incidence data were obtained from national registries up to December 2019. Analysis was conducted using Cox regression adjusted for age, year of birth and service characteristics. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 52.2 years (range 2 days to 74.6 years), 1598 (53.7%) sarin-exposed veterans and 1583 (54.3%) non-exposed veterans died. Adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality were raised for any sarin exposure (HR=1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16), two or more exposures (HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49) and higher doses (air >15 mg.min/m3) (HR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.30). For cause-specific mortality, sarin exposure was associated with deaths from 'other' circulatory diseases (excludes ischaemic and cerebrovascular diseases) (HR=1.41, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.87) and alcohol-attributable deaths (HR=2.66, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.07). There was no association between sarin exposure and overall cancer incidence (HR=1.01, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.10), but cancer incidence was higher for alcohol-related neoplasms (HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.51). CONCLUSIONS: Sarin exposure was associated with increased rates of mortality over a 50-year follow-up. The strongest associations were observed for deaths attributable to alcohol and 'other' circulatory diseases.

Occupational injuries caused by fire and smoke in Victoria, Australia, 2003-2021: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: Hospital attendance related to fire, flame or smoke exposure is commonly associated with work. The aim of this study was to examine time trends and risk factors for work-related fire/flame/smoke injuries in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: This study was based on emergency department (ED) presentation records from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset, 2003-2021. Cases were people aged 15-74 years with injury-related ED presentations, if cause of injury was recorded as fire/flame/smoke, based on coded data and/or narratives. Work-related rates were calculated per employed persons; non-work rates were calculated per population. Work-related and non-work-related cases were compared using logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: There were 11 838 ED presentations related to fire/flame/smoke: 1864 (15.7%) were work-related. Non-work-related rates were 12.3 ED presentations per 100 000 population, and work-related rates were 3.43 per 100 000 employed persons annually. Over the study period, work-related rates decreased annually by 2.0% (p<0.0001), while non-work rates increased by 1.1% (p<0.0001). Work-related cases (vs non-work) were associated with summer (vs winter), but the association with extreme bushfire periods (Victorian 'Black Saturday' and 'Black Summer') was not statistically significant. Work-related cases were less severe than non-work-related cases, evidenced by triage status and subsequent admission. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of occupational fire/flame/smoke-related injury presentations decreased over the past two decades in Victoria, while non-work-related rates increased. This could reflect improved safety in the workplace. Hospital data, however, cannot be used to distinguish occupation or industry therefore, employment data linkage studies are recommended to further inform workplace preventive measures.

Impact of parental leave system on the childbirth plan among working married women: a three-year follow-up study of the Korean longitudinal survey of women and families.

BACKGROUND: The Korean government seeks to balance work and family and alleviate low fertility by implementing a parental leave system. This study aimed to identify the impact of the parental leave system on childbirth among married working women in South Korea. METHODS: This study used three-year follow-up data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (2016, 2018, and 2020). The number of participants was 324 at baseline. Logistic regressions using a generalized estimating equation model were performed to examine the impact of parental leave on childbirth. Sub-analyses of covariates, childbirth support, and parental leave systems were conducted. RESULTS: Of workers covered by the parental leave system, 31.7% considered childbirth. Women covered by parental leave were 3.63 times more likely to plan childbirth (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-9.99). The tendency to plan childbirth was pronounced among those in their early 30s (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 7.20) and those who thought that having children was necessary (AOR, 4.30). Child planning was more influenced by leave support (AOR, 6.61) than subsidies. CONCLUSIONS: Parental leave systems can have a positive impact on working married women's childbirth plans. Although this system was effective in a group interested in childbirth, it did not create a fundamental child plan. Time support is more important than money concerning childbirth plans. The parental leave system had an impact on childbirth plan. Appropriate parenting policies can effectively increase the fertility rate.

Revisiting the physical activity paradox: the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in workers with high aerobic demands.

In contrast to leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity may have adverse health effects-a phenomenon known as the "Physical activity paradox". Characteristics such as long duration, low intensity, static and restricted movement, body position and insufficient recovery are possible explanations as to why physical activity in the occupational context may "wear one out" rather than provide health benefits. We emphasise the role of low cardiorespiratory fitness as a potential contributor to the physical activity paradox, and present data suggesting that only 25% to 50% of Swedish workers in occupations with higher aerobic demands may have "sufficient" cardiorespiratory fitness to maintain good health during their employment. More research is needed to fully understand the complexity of the role of other confounding factors when examining the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and occupational workload. However, we believe that there is an increasing need for general awareness amongst Swedish authorities, employees and employers of the potential health consequences of low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, especially among workers with high occupational workloads. Importantly, when developing interventions targeting the working situation and/or cardiorespiratory fitness levels among workers, researchers should actively involve the relevant population in the design of the study in order to maximize the effect of the interventions on health outcomes.

Sedentary behaviors and physical activity of the working population measured by accelerometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Too much sedentary behavior (SB) and too little physical activity (PA) place adult workers at risk for chronic illness. It remains unclear which occupations and subgroups within occupations have the highest and lowest SB and PA, and little is known about the effects of organizational factors on these behaviors and metrics. Thus, our main aims were to review and summarize evidence describing daily SB and PA collected using accelerometry across various occupations and to identify organizational factors influencing SB and PA. METHODS: A literature search of six databases was performed for relevant studies published through March 2023. Eligible studies were in English, targeted working populations, had a sample size > 75, and objectively measured both SB and PA for seven consecutive days using accelerometers. Following PRISMA guidelines, 5,197 studies were identified, and 19 articles met our inclusion criteria. Five of these studies were included in a meta-analysis comparing time spent in SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) across occupations. Methodological quality was assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: We found that 63% of the studies reported daily time spent in SB and in MVPA, but fewer reported LPA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. The average time spent in SB was 553.34 min/day, in LPA was 299.77 min/day, and in MVPA was 33.87 min/day. In occupational subgroup analysis, we observed that office workers had 2.3 h more SB, 2.4 less hours LPA, and 14 min less MVPA per day than nurses. However, most studies either did not specify workers' occupations or grouped occupations. Shift work and workplace facilities significantly influenced SB and PA, but organizational factors affecting these behaviors were not sufficiently investigated (e.g., occupation type, work environment and workplace facilities, and shift work). CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed to explore SB and PA patterns within occupational subgroups. Additionally, it is important to explore work-related individual (e.g., job task), interpersonal (e.g., social support from colleagues), organizational (e.g., work policy), and environmental factors influencing SB and PA. Future studies should also investigate the association of these factors with SB and PA.

[Analysis of the relationship between solar greenhouse operation and occupational high incidence diseases].

Objective: To understand the health status of solar greenhouse workers, to provide scientific basis for the development of occupational high incidence diseases prevention and control strategies. Methods: In July 2019, a random cluster sampling method was used to select 245 workers engaged in solar greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Daba Village, Jingyuan County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province as the solar greenhouse operation group. Matched by gender, age, marital status, body mass index (BMI), 282 people from adjacent Shaliang Village who did not engage in solar greenhouse operation were selected as the control group. Field investigation and health examination were carried out among the study subjects. The general situation, facial features examination results, ophthalmic examination results, bone and joint examination results and skin examination results were compared between the two groups. And the multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal bone and joint examination (upper limbs, lower limbs, hands and spine bone joints) in study subjects. Results: There were statistically significant differences in smoking age and alcohol consumption between the two groups (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the abnormal detection rates of nose examination, throat examination, slit lamp examination, conjunctival examination, lower limb bone joint examination, hand bone joint examination, spine examination, head and neck skin examination, trunk skin examination, upper limb skin examination, and lower limb skin examination in the solar greenhouse operation group were higher, and the differences were statistically significant (χ(2)=11.53, 7.94, 9.92, 27.93, 79.32, 81.42, 9.43, 6.79, 9.76, 4.34, 8.29, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, BMI, compared with the control group, solar greenhouse operation was a risk factor for abnormal bone and joint examination (OR=1.178, 95%CI: 1.151-2.143, P=0.001) . Conclusion: Solar greenhouse operation has a certain harmful effect on health of workers, and solar greenhouse workers have an increased risk of abnormal diseases of upper limbs, lower limbs, hands and spine bone joints.

Occupational environment and ovarian cancer risk.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate employment in an occupation or industry and specific occupational exposures in relation to ovarian cancer risk. METHODS: In a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada (2011-2016), lifetime occupational histories were collected for 491 cases of ovarian cancer and 897 controls. An industrial hygienist coded the occupation and industry of each participant's job. Associations with ovarian cancer risk were estimated for each of several occupations and industries. Job codes were linked to the Canadian job-exposure matrix, thereby generating exposure histories to many agents. The relationship between exposure to each of the 29 most prevalent agents and ovarian cancer risk was assessed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR (95% CI)) for associations with ovarian cancer risk were estimated using logistic regression and controlling for multiple covariates. RESULTS: Elevated ORs (95% CI) were observed for employment ≥10 years as Accountants (2.05 (1.10 to 3.79)); Hairdressers, Barbers, Beauticians and Related Workers (3.22 (1.25 to 8.27)); Sewers and Embroiderers (1.85 (0.77 to 4.45)); and Salespeople, Shop Assistants and Demonstrators (1.45 (0.71 to 2.96)); and in the industries of Retail Trade (1.59 (1.05 to 2.39)) and Construction (2.79 (0.52 to 4.83)). Positive associations with ORs above 1.42 were seen for high cumulative exposure versus never exposure to 18 agents: cosmetic talc, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, hair dust, synthetic fibres, polyester fibres, organic dyes and pigments, cellulose, formaldehyde, propellant gases, aliphatic alcohols, ethanol, isopropanol, fluorocarbons, alkanes (C5-C17), mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum and bleaches. CONCLUSIONS: Certain occupations, industries and specific occupational exposures may be associated with ovarian cancer risk. Further research is needed to provide a more solid grounding for any inferences in this regard.

Occupational differences in the prevalence and severity of long-COVID: analysis of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey.

OBJECTIVES: To establish whether prevalence and severity of long-COVID symptoms vary by industry and occupation. METHODS: We used Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey (CIS) data (February 2021-April 2022) of working-age participants (16-65 years). Exposures were industry, occupation and major Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) group. Outcomes were self-reported: (1) long-COVID symptoms and (2) reduced function due to long-COVID. Binary (outcome 1) and ordered (outcome 2) logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios (OR)and prevalence (marginal means). RESULTS: Public facing industries, including teaching and education, social care, healthcare, civil service, retail and transport industries and occupations, had the highest likelihood of long-COVID. By major SOC group, those in caring, leisure and other services (OR 1.44, 95% CIs 1.38 to 1.52) had substantially elevated odds than average. For almost all exposures, the pattern of ORs for long-COVID symptoms followed SARS-CoV-2 infections, except for professional occupations (eg, some healthcare, education, scientific occupations) (infection: OR<1 ; long-COVID: OR>1). The probability of reporting long-COVID for industry ranged from 7.7% (financial services) to 11.6% (teaching and education); whereas the prevalence of reduced function by 'a lot' ranged from 17.1% (arts, entertainment and recreation) to 22%-23% (teaching and education and armed forces) and to 27% (not working). CONCLUSIONS: The risk and prevalence of long-COVID differs across industries and occupations. Generally, it appears that likelihood of developing long-COVID symptoms follows likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection, except for professional occupations. These findings highlight sectors and occupations where further research is needed to understand the occupational factors resulting in long-COVID.

Correlation analysis between physical activity and depressive tendencies among occupational groups: an isotemporal substitution approach.

OBJECTIVES: Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) have been shown to be associated with depression. However, behaviours, such as PA, occupy a portion of an individual's 24-h day. Thus, an increase in time for one behaviour takes away time from another. Previous evidence suggests that it would be more appropriate to shift the focus to the importance of reallocating time spent in sedentary behaviour to time spent in physical activity. The aim of this study was to analyse the mutual replacement effect of different health behaviours on depressive tendencies by isotemporal substitution modelling (ISM) under the objective condition of considering a limited 24-h day. Second, we aimed to further explore the potential association between excessive or insufficient sleep duration and depressive symptoms. METHODS: A total of 10656 employees from 79 companies in four provinces of China participated in this survey. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure workers' depressive tendencies. The duration of various types of physical activity was self-reported by workers based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). ISM was used to assess the associations of time spent in different activities on displacement of equivalent time spent on other activities with depression risk. RESULTS: A total of 10656 participants (89.5% of the sample) were included in the analysis. The ISM found that a 30-min unit of SB replaced with walking (OR, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.77-0.88), sleep (≤ 8 h) (OR, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.74-0.79), moderate physical activity (MPA) (OR, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.81-0.93) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) (OR, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.84-0.99) was significantly and negatively associated with the risk of depressive tendencies. When sleep duration was less than 8 h, each additional half hour of sleep time was significantly associated with a lower risk of depressive tendencies, and this association was no longer significant after 8 h. CONCLUSION: Prolonged SB is common in the current workplace in China. Replacing an average of 30 min per day of SB with VPA and MPA, even walking is associated with less depression among workers. In addition, insufficient daily sleep is also an important risk factor for workers' depressive tendencies. These findings provide valuable evidence to promote mental health among occupational groups and support the development of healthy workplaces.

The role of occupation in SARS-CoV-2 infection within a Brazilian municipality: A test-negative case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between occupation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections within a Brazilian municipality. METHODS: In this test-negative study, cases and controls were randomly selected among individuals aged 18-65 years that were registered in a primary health care program in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. Those who had collected samples for RT-PCR testing between April 2020 and May 2021 were randomly selected to compose the case (positive for SARS-CoV-2) and control (negative for SARS-CoV-2) groups, frequency-matched by sex, age group, and month of sample collection. Complementary data were collected through phone interviews. We estimated the residual effect of occupation on SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple conditional logistic regression models incrementally adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS: 1724 cases and 1741 controls who reported being at work at the time of RT-PCR collection were included. Cases were mainly females (52.9%), Whites/Asians (73.3%), and unvaccinated against COVID-19 (46.6%). Compared to other university-level professionals, the highest odds of having COVID-19 were found for workers in police and protective services (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-3.84), healthcare and caregiving (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.34-2.68), and food retail and production (OR 1.88; 95% CI = 1.14-3.11), after adjustment for age, sex, education, means of transport, household crowding, and COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSION: Occupation played an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Food retail and production, health care and caregiving, and police and protective services showed the highest odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Reducing Shoulder Complaints in Employees with High Occupational Shoulder Exposures: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Study (The Shoulder-Café Study).

PURPOSE: To evaluate if a group-based Shoulder-Café intervention could reduce shoulder complaints more effectively than an individual-based control intervention in employees with shoulder complaints and high occupational shoulder exposures. METHODS: A cluster-randomised controlled study of 109 participants from 60 companies in Central Denmark Region. Companies were randomised and allocated to either Shoulder-Café or control intervention. Participants in both interventions received a pamphlet on home-based shoulder exercises and a pamphlet with general information on reducing occupational shoulder exposures. They also had their occupational shoulder exposures assessed. Shoulder-Café participants additionally received three café-meetings with casual discussion, clinical shoulder evaluation, education about shoulder anatomy and occupational shoulder exposures, supervised exercises, workplace-oriented counselling, and an optional workplace visit. The primary outcome measure was the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were the OSS at 12 months, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire - Physical Activity at 6 and 12 months, and Patients' Global Impression of Change at 6 months. The study also included seven supplementary outcome measures. RESULTS: Both groups improved from baseline to 6 months with respect to the primary outcome (P < 0.01). No group differences were found for the primary outcome (mean difference (MD) [95% confidence interval]: 0.3 [- 1.6; 2.2]) or secondary outcomes. The supplementary outcomes "felt informed about handling shoulder complaints" and "felt informed about reducing occupational exposures" at 6 months, and "Patients' Global Impression of Change" and "overall satisfaction" at 12 months favoured the Shoulder-Café intervention. CONCLUSION: The Shoulder-Café intervention did not reduce shoulder complaints more effectively than the control intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov on 19 May 2017 (ID: NCT03159910).

[Investigation on health status of workers exposed to glyphosate].

Objective: To analyze the concentrations of glyphosate and its metabolites in occupational exposed workers and their possible effects on human health, so as to provide a reference for improving the safe use of glyphosate and toxicity research. Methods: From April to December 2020, 247 workers directly exposed to glyphosate in 5 enterprises were selected as the contact group, and 237 workers who were not exposed to glyphosate and other pesticides in the same enterprise were selected as the control group. Questionnaire survey and occupational health examination were conducted on objects, and the concentrations of glyphosate and its metabolites in the air of workplaces and biological samples were detected. The correlation between the concentrations and the difference of health examination between the two groups were analyzed. Results: The urine glyphosate concentration (0.022-47.668 mg/L), the rate of exceeding the standard (60.32%, 149/247) and the urine aminomethyl phosphonic acid concentration (<0.010-1.624 mg/L) in the contact group were higher than those in the control group [urine glyphosate concentration (<0.020-4.482 mg/L), the rate of exceeding the standard (2.53%, 6/237) and the urine aminomethyl phosphonic acid concentration (<0.010-0.524 mg/L) ], respectively (P<0.001). The exceeding standard rate of glyphosate concentration in the workplace was 33.67% (33/98). The concentration of glyphosate in the workplace was positively correlated with the concentrations of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in urine (r(s)=0.804, 0.238, P<0.001), and the concentration of glyphosate in urine was positively correlated with the concentration of aminomethylphosphonic acid in urine (r(s)=0.549, P<0.001). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white cell ratio, creatinine, uric acid, the abnormal rates of ALT and total protein (TP) in the contact group were higher than those in the control group, and TP was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically different (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of overall liver function, overall renal function, blood routine test, urine routine test, electrocardiogram, liver B ultrasound and blood lipid in the contact group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The concentration of glyphosate in the workplace is related to the concentrations of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid in the urine of workers, and exposure to glyphosate may have some harmful effects on human health.

[Effects of long working hours exposure on occupational stress and depression symptoms in couriers in Zhejiang Province].

Objective: To understand the current situation of long working hours exposure of couriers in Zhejiang Province, and to analyze the influence of long working hours exposure levels on their occupational stress and depression symptoms, and provide a basis for promoting the physical and mental health of couriers. Methods: From September to December 2021 , 1159 couriers from Zhejiang Express Transport Companies were selected as respondents by cluster sampling, and their basic information were collected. The occupational stress and depression symptoms of the couriers were assessed using the Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The effects of long work hours (>48 h per week) on the occupational stress and depression symptoms of the couriers were analyzed. Results: The average age of 1159 courier in Zhejiang Province was (33.24±8.42) years, the average weekly working hours were (63.21±18.77) h, and 75.15% (871/1159) were long-term workers. The detection rates of occupational stress and depression symptoms in courier were 32.44% (376/1159) and 32.53% (377/1159), respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rates of occupational stress and depression symptoms among couriers with different ages, educational background, marital status, monthly average income, length of service, position or post, shift status, drinking status, and average weekly working hours (P <0.05). The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for the influence of confounding factors such as age, educational background, marital status, monthly average income, length of service, position or post, shift status and drinking status, compared with the weekly working hours ≤48 h, weekly working hours of 63-77 h, 78-92 h, ≥93 h were the risk factors for occupational stress (OR=1.547, 95%CI: 1.019-2.350; OR=1.886, 95%CI: 1.184-3.006; OR=2.338, 95%CI: 1.188-4.062) and depression symptoms (OR=1.897, 95%CI: 1.258-2.860; OR=2.041, 95%CI: 1.290-3.230; OR=4.978, 95%CI: 2.551-9.715) of couriers (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Long working hours could increase the risk of occupational stress and depression symptoms among couriers. It is necessary to arrange working hours reasonably to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress and depression symptoms of couriers.

[The mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being in occupational population].

Objective: To explore the current situation of anxiety, subjective well-being in occupational population and the mediating effect of resilience. Methods: From March 24th to 26th, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among occupational population aged ≥18 years old using online questionnaires. A total of 2134 valid questionnaires were obtained, with respondents from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Their general demographic data, subjective well-being, anxiety, and resilience were collected. Pearson χ(2) test and Spearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and structural equation model was used to explore the mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 60 years old, with an average age of (31.19±7.09) years old, including 1075 (50.4%) women and 1059 (49.6%) men. The positive rates of low subjective well-being and anxiety were 46.5% (992/2134) and 28.4% (607/2134), respectively. Anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with subjective well-being scores and resilience scores (r(s)=-0.52, -0.41, P<0.05), while resilience was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (r(s)=0.32, P<0.05). Structural equation models showed that anxiety had a negative predictive effect on subjective well-being, while resilience not only had a positive predictive effect on subjective well-being, but also played a mediating role between anxiety and subjective well-being, with a mediating effect of 9.9%. Conclusion: The situation of anxiety and well-being in the occupational population is still not optimistic, and resilience has a mediating effect between anxiety and subjective well-being.

[Construction and prospect of healthy enterprises in the new era].

The construction of health enterprises practice the concept of big health. It is an important solution to protect the overall health of occupational groups in the new era, which is of great significance to promoting a healthy city and helping to build a healthy China. This paper clarifies the connotation of healthy enterprises in the new era, discusses the key points of healthy enterprise construction around the "four in one" construction content, "PDCA" construction procedures, and evaluation methods of healthy enterprises. It focuses on the progress of healthy enterprise construction, analyzes the problems faced by the construction of health enterprises in China, and puts forward suggestions to improve the construction efficiency, with a view to providing ideas for further promoting the construction of health enterprises in China.

Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies in the Mozambican Population: A Cross-Sectional Serologic Study in 3 Cities, July-August 2020.

BACKGROUND: The extent of population exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was uncertain in many African countries during the onset of the pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and randomly selected and surveyed general population and occupational groups from 6 July to 24 August 2020, in 3 cities in Mozambique. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured using a point-of-care rapid test. The prevalence was weighted for population (by age, sex, and city) and adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: A total of 21 183 participants, including 11 143 from the general population and 10 040 from occupational groups, were included across all 3 cities. General population seropositivity (IgM or IgG) prevalence was 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0%-6.6%) in Pemba, 2.1% (95% CI, 1.2%-3.3%) in Maputo City, and 0.9% (95% CI, .1%-1.9%) in Quelimane. The prevalence in occupational groups ranged from 2.8% (95% CI, 1.3%-5.2%) to 5.9% (95% CI, 4.3%-8.0%) in Pemba, 0.3% (95% CI, .0%-2.2%) to 4.0% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.7%) in Maputo City, and 0.0% (95% CI, .0%-.7%) to 6.6% (95% CI, 3.8%-10.5%) in Quelimane, and showed variations between the groups tested. CONCLUSIONS: In the first representative COVID-19 serosurveys in Mozambique, in mid-2020, weighted and assay-adjusted seroprevalence in 3 provincial capitals of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 0.9% to 3.0%, whereas adjusted prevalence in occupational groups ranged from 0.0% to 6.6% with variation between groups. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was extensive during the first pandemic wave, and transmission may have been more intense among occupational groups. These data have been of utmost importance to inform public health intervention to control and respond to the pandemic in Mozambique.

Association of Low Hourly Wages in Middle Age With Faster Memory Decline in Older Age: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study.

Little research has investigated the long-term relationship between low wages and memory decline, despite the growing share of low-wage workers in the US labor market. Here, we examined whether cumulative exposure to low wages over 12 years in midlife is associated with memory decline in later life. Using 1992-2016 data from the Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed data from 2,879 individuals born in 1936-1941 using confounder-adjusted linear mixed-effects models. Low-wage work was defined as an hourly wage lower than two-thirds of the federal median wage for the corresponding year and was categorized into "never," "intermittent," and "sustained" based on wages earned from 1992 to 2004. Memory function was measured at each study visit from 2004 to 2016 via a memory composite score. The confounder-adjusted annual rate of memory decline among "never" low-wage earners was -0.12 standard units (95% confidence interval: -0.13, -0.10). Compared with this, memory decline among workers with sustained earning of low midlife wages was significantly faster (ßtime×sustained = -0.014, 95% confidence interval: -0.02, -0.01), corresponding to an annual rate of -0.13 standard units for this group. Sustained low-wage earning in midlife was significantly associated with a downward trajectory of memory performance in older age. Enhancing social policies to protect low-wage workers may be especially beneficial for their cognitive health.

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case-control study in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Globally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk associated with the occupations or occupational environment in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess occupations with the risk of lung cancer. METHODS: We used the IROPICAN nationwide case-control study data including 658 incident lung cancer cases and 3477 controls. We assessed the risk of lung cancer in relation to ever working in major groups of International Standard Classification of Occupations, high-risk occupations for lung cancer and duration of employment and lung cancer subtype among construction workers and farmers while controlling for cigarette smoking and opium consumption. We used unconditional regression logistic models to estimate ORs for the association between increased lung cancer risk and occupations. RESULTS: We observed elevated ORs for lung cancer in male construction workers (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.8), petroleum industry workers (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.8), female farmers (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.3) and female bakers (OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 29.8). A positive trend by the duration of employment was observed for male construction workers (p< 0.001). Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma was observed in male construction workers (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.0) and female farmers (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 17.2), who also experienced an increased risk of adenocarcinoma (OR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 9.9). DISCUSSION: Although we observed associations between some occupations and lung cancer consistent with the literature, further studies with larger samples focusing on exposures are needed to better understand the occupational lung cancer burden in Iran.

Occupational groups and its physical and mental health correlates: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016.

PURPOSE: The physical and mental wellbeing of an individual is impacted by the type occupation one does. This study aims to establish the prevalence of mental and physical disorders, the association of occupational groups and health-related quality of life, and the extent of work-loss and work-cut back in past 30 days among the employed in the Singapore resident population. METHODS: Data from a population-based, epidemiological survey of a representative sample of Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 18 years and above were used. Lifetime diagnosis of select mental disorders was established using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (WHO-CIDI 3.0). Data on nicotine dependence, work productivity, quality of life and socio-demographics were obtained via self-report. Ten major occupational groups based on the Singapore Standard Occupational Classification were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The sample comprised 4021 employed individuals who were predominantly males (54.7%) and aged 35-49 years (35.4%). 'Service and sales workers' (22.6%), 'Professionals' (17.3%) and 'Legislators, senior officials and managers' (16.4%) were the three largest occupational groups. Socio-demographic characteristics differed significantly (p < 0.001) across all occupational groups. Lifetime prevalence of mood disorders among the employed was 8.4% and the most prevalent physical disorder was chronic pain (18.9%). No significant differences were observed in work productivity loss across the occupational groups. CONCLUSIONS: The disparities in the socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of mental and physical disorders across occupational categories provide policymakers with vital information to pilot effective interventions that can improve the psychosocial and physical conditions at work.