[Monitoring student skills during community pharmacy placements: Retrospective analysis of dashboards]. / Suivi des compétences des étudiants au cours du stage de pratique professionnelle en pharmacie officinale : analyse rétrospective des tableaux de bord.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to describe the skills considered to have been acquired by students during their professional practice placements, with particular emphasis on skills related to the new roles of pharmacists. METHODS: Skills are monitored during the professional practice placement using the dashboard included in the guide designed by the college of community pharmacy placement supervisors. Each skill is assessed at three points during the placement. The assessment is carried out jointly by the student and his or her placement supervisor using the dashboard, which is available online in the form of a form on the Moodle platform. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the professional practice placement dashboards for the 2018-2019 to 2022-2023 academic years. RESULTS: The response levels for the three phases of the dashboard are very high, always exceeding 90% of students completing their placement. All of the scorecards show a progression in the acquisition of skills throughout the placement and enable certain skills to be distinguished in terms of their level of acquisition at the end of the placement. The focus on pharmaceutical interviews shows that the rate of acquisition of this skill is over 85% in 2021 and 2023, the years in which the subject of the public health project was the performance and quality assurance of pharmaceutical interviews in pharmacies, whereas it is no higher than 38% in the other years. CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows the contribution of the professional practice placement dashboard in monitoring student progress. The analysis carried out reveals different levels of mastery at the start of the placement and different levels of progress depending on the skills. It also reveals the contribution made by the intervention on the content of the placement, particularly in terms of the acquisition of certain skills, especially those related to new tasks such as conducting pharmaceutical interviews.

[The clinical pharmacist, an essential element in the new gradation of care for ambulatory patients]. / Le pharmacien clinicien, un maillon indispensable dans la nouvelle gradation de prise en charge des patients ambulatoires.

OBJECTIVE: Pharmaceutical presence in oncology allows the clinical pharmacist to integrate tripartite consultations for primary prescription of oral anticancer drugs. The aim of the study is to describe the deployment of the clinical pharmacy activity in 2 oncology departments since its implementation in 2019, to assess the financial gain of the pharmaceutical interventions through the new gradation of outpatient management published on September 10, 2020, and finally to assess their satisfaction following the deployment of this pathway. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted to collect pricing data for oral therapy interviews in patients between January 2019 and December 2022. To complement this, a satisfaction survey was conducted by the oral therapy pharmaceutical team between 01/01/2022 and 12/31/2022 among patients undergoing treatment. RESULTS: 579 patients received a targeted pharmaceutical interview as part of the oral therapy patient pathway. The average invoiced amount of a pharmaceutical consultation carried out as part of a tripartite first prescription was 355.44 euros. The 579 patients who benefited from a targeted pharmaceutical interview generated a revenue of 87,545 euros for the hospital. In terms of evaluating patient satisfaction, 163 usable responses were received out of 267 patients questioned, representing a response rate of 61%, with an overall score of 9.1/10. CONCLUSION: Pending the introduction of a specific remuneration for clinical pharmacy activities, the valuation of tripartite consultations is a lever for financing clinical pharmacy activities in hospitals.

[Comparative study of production and control processes of parenteral nutritional admixtures in neonatology]. / Étude comparative des processus de production et de contrôle analytique des préparations magistrales de mélanges nutritifs parentéraux en néonatalogie.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of disparities in production and analytical control processes on the quality of parenteral nutrition (PN) preparations produced in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. METHODS: This study was carried out in four hospital pharmacies of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. To assess the impact of production processes, each centre produced ten PN preparations from the same prescription. Analytical controls (sodium, potassium and calcium dosage) were carried out on all the preparations. To assess the impact of the control processes, a batch of ten preparations was produced from the same prescription. Samples were sent to the four hospital pharmacies for analytical control (sodium, potassium and calcium dosage). RESULTS: Measurements of relative production bias show that there is a significant difference between the preparations from the four centres in terms of sodium and potassium content. Each centre had at least one production bias for one of the three electrolytes measured. Concerning analytical controls, there was a significant difference between the four centres in the sodium and potassium levels measured. With the exception of calcium, all the centres reported measurements within the usual specifications of±10% of the target value. The results obtained have no clinically significant impact. CONCLUSION: The diversity of NP practices has a real impact on the quality of the preparations made. A regional collaboration should be envisaged to standardise patient care.

[Evaluation of the relevance of the pharmaceutical educational interview on the knowledge and satisfaction of patients who received a vagus nerve neurostimulator implantation]. / Évaluation de la pertinence de l'entretien pharmaceutique éducatif sur les connaissances et la satisfaction de patients ayant bénéficié d'une implantation d'un neurostimulateur du nerf vague.

INTRODUCTION: Vagal neurostimulation (VNS) medical devices (MDs) are used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Using a magnet, the patient can activate on the stimulations in order to stop a seizure or interrupt the adverse effects (AEs) of the device. The objective is to evaluate the improvement of the patients' knowledge about the VNS following a pharmaceutical educational interview (PEI) as well as their satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pharmaceutical educational interview regarding drugs and DMs was performed by the clinical pharmacist at the patient's bed after VNS implantation. A questionnaire about VNS devices (operation, adverse effects, recommendations) and assessing knowledge was submitted to patients before and after the PEI. Satisfaction was assessed by the Likert scale. RESULTS: From March 2020 to August 2021, 18 implanted patients were included in the study. In 78% of cases (14/18), the total number of good responses after PEI increased. The mean good response was significantly increased from 16.11/25 (64%) before PEI to 22.33/25 (89%) after PEI (P-value<0.01). The maximum satisfaction score (4/4) was given in 71% of the items. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION: The results support the relevance of PEI. Patients feel a need for information and consider the interview useful. An improvement in knowledge was observed, which allows us to hope for an optimization of the effectiveness of the device, in particular, a reduction in seizures and AE. This study shows the feasibility and the interest of the development of clinical pharmacy applied to medical devices in complementarity with the expertise on drugs.

Comprehensive medication management (CMM): Application of a new pharmaceutical practice in onco-hematology.

The integration of a large number of drugs, such as antineoplastic agents and cancer-related supportive care drugs, into the management of cancer patients exposes them to an increased number of drug-related problems (DRP). Clinical pharmacists contribute to drug management by actively intervening in detected DRP. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the applying a clinical pharmacist-driven comprehensive medication management (CMM) service to onco-hematology patients. This prospective interventional study was carried out over six-month duration, specifically from November 06, 2022 to April 5, 2023 in the oncology and hematology departments of the EHU Oran. The adherence to treatment was evaluated using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Whereas data related to the patient's general condition and medication history was assessed using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification for Drug-Related Problems V9.1. Among the 130 patients included in the study, a total of 879 DRP were identified, with a mean of 6.78 (±1.72) DRP/patient, half of which were related to efficacy (51%). Almost half of our sample (44.6%) did not adhere to their treatment. The most frequent cause of DRP, accounting for (19.9%) of the cases, was the inappropriate administration by a health professional. A total of 875 pharmaceuticals interventions (PI) were proposed, 67.2% of which were focused at the drug level. The PI acceptance rate was 94.1%. The integration of CMM services in onco-hematology played an important role in optimizing dosing regimen and treatment administration methods, as well as preventing iatropathology in the management of cancer patients.

[Training pharmacy students to conduct targeted interviews on oral anticoagulants: Development and evaluation of training using healthcare simulation]. / Formation des étudiants en pharmacie conduisant des entretiens ciblés sur les anticoagulants oraux : élaboration et évaluation d'une formation par la simulation en santé.

OBJECTIVES: Pharmaceutical care for patients receiving oral anticoagulants (OACs) should be performed by trained healthcare professionals to prevent adverse effects and improve patient adherence. Before meeting patients, all pharmacy students in our department (in a one-year hospital internship program) experienced a theoretical training for several years. It was decided to add a practical component based on simulation training. The study reports the simulation program conception and the assessment of the simulation-based training for pharmacy students involved in conducting interviews with patients receiving ACOs. METHODS: Organization and content of the training course were defined by two hospital pharmacists and one pharmacy resident. Skills' assessment was measured in pharmacy students in 3 steps: (1) initial assessment by individual interview, (2) group training by simulation, (3) final assessment by individual interview. Student satisfaction was also assessed at the end of the training. RESULTS: Four scenarios and one assessment form were developed and 16 pharmacy students experienced the training. An improvement in skills after the simulations courses was observed in all parts of the process: the pre-interview (mean +15%), the interview itself (+16%) and the post-interview (+18%). All students felt more comfortable and motivated to conduct interviews and recommended that this training be continued. CONCLUSIONS: The study underlines the impact of the simulation training on students' skills and their satisfaction with the overall training program. The simulation training is now fully added to the program. Further studies should explore the skills improvement in real life during the first patient interview.

Perception and expectation of Moroccan pharmacy students regarding e-learning in the context of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

PURPOSE: Online learning, or e-learning, has grown exponentially in recent years, not least because the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many educational establishments to adopt distance learning modalities. In the field of pharmacy, where the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge is essential, the adoption of e-learning has attracted particular interest. The aim of this study is to analyze the feedback received by pharmacy students from different faculties in the country following the introduction of new learning methods during the Covid pandemic. METHODS: The study was carried out using a "Google forms" questionnaire, which was sent to students at the country's faculties of pharmacy. The questionnaire included various points, such as a description of the population, preferred mode of distance learning of lectures among students and satisfaction with e-learning. RESULTS: The study involved 176 respondents, 65.9% of whom were women. Around 50% of respondents use e-learning tools more than 6 times a week for educational purposes. Seventy per cent of respondents are satisfied with their e-learning experience, but only 43.2 believe that e-learning has a positive effect on their academic results. Forty-seven per cent of respondents considered the quality of teaching to be the major shortcoming of e-learning, followed by distraction (32%) and the questionable credibility of the diploma (20%). CONCLUSION: E-learning has significant potential to transform teaching and learning in pharmacy, and its thoughtful integration can bring lasting benefits to students.

Assessing the applicability and appropriateness of ChatGPT in answering clinical pharmacy questions.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical pharmacists rely on different scientific references to ensure appropriate, safe, and cost-effective drug use. Tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) could offer valuable support. The objective of this study was to assess ChatGPT's capacity to correctly respond to clinical pharmacy questions asked by healthcare professionals in our university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ChatGPT's capacity to respond correctly to the last 100 consecutive questions recorded in our clinical pharmacy database was assessed. Questions were copied from our FileMaker Pro database and pasted into ChatGPT March 14 version online platform. The generated answers were then copied verbatim into an Excel file. Two blinded clinical pharmacists reviewed all the questions and the answers given by the software. In case of disagreements, a third blinded pharmacist intervened to decide. RESULTS: Documentation-related issues (n=36) and drug administration mode (n=30) were preponderantly recorded. Among 69 applicable questions, the rate of correct answers varied from 30 to 57.1% depending on questions type with a global rate of 44.9%. Regarding inappropriate answers (n=38), 20 were incorrect, 18 gave no answers and 8 were incomplete with 8 answers belonging to 2 different categories. No better answers than the pharmacists were observed. CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT demonstrated a mitigated performance in answering clinical pharmacy questions. It should not replace human expertise as a high rate of inappropriate answers was highlighted. Future studies should focus on the optimization of ChatGPT for specific clinical pharmacy questions and explore the potential benefits and limitations of integrating this technology into clinical practice.

[What is the impact of changes in the drug circuit on dispensing activity during pharmaceutical duty?] / Quel impact des évolutions du circuit du médicament sur l'activité de dispensation durant la permanence pharmaceutique ?

INTRODUCTION: Pharmaceutical permanence (PP), outside the working hours of an in-house pharmacy (PUI), allows to guarantee the continuity of care in health-care institutions. A retrospective review of urgent drug dispensing was carried out in the light of changes in the drug circuit. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The analysis of drug dispensations was performed over a period from 2011 to 2019. The average number of drugs dispensed per shift, annual dispensations, and their variation by day of the week were studied. The increase is statistically significant and is found on both weekdays and weekends. Each drug was identified according to its Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Data on the activities of our institution (number of hospitalizations, average length of stay) were also collected. RESULTS: In 2011, an average of 36 medications were dispensed per on-call period, compared with 77 in 2019 (a doubling of activity). The increase is statistically significant and is found on both weekdays and weekends. Neurological drugs and anti-infectives represent on average 43 % of the drugs dispensed. At the same time, there was a decrease in average length of stay and an increase in hospitalizations (-10 % and +16 % respectively). DISCUSSION: The increase in the average number of medications dispensed per shift is notable. It reflects a strong and gradual increase in activity, which was increased when the full vacuum cabinets (FVCs) were introduced, which improved the quality and safety of the pharmaceutical circuit. The revision of the allocations and the information of prescribers on the drug circuit will optimize the activity and refocus it on the pharmaceutical analysis of urgent needs.

[Individual traceability to the instrument: Evolution of laser and micropercussion markings over the sterilisation cycles]. / Traçabilité individuelle à l'instrument : évolution des marquages laser et micropercussion au fil des cycles de stérilisation.

In order to implement individual instrument traceability, the evolution of laser and micropercussion markings was evaluated over 250 sterilisation cycles. A datamatrix associated with its alphanumeric code was applied on three types of instruments by laser or micropercussion. All instruments had a unique identifier affixed by the manufacturer. The sterilisation cycles corresponded to the usual cycles performed in our sterilisation unit. The laser markings had very good visibility but were quickly affected by corrosion: 12% of the markings were corroded after the 5th sterilisation cycle. Similar results were observed for unique identifiers applied by the manufacturer but with visibility attenuated by sterilisation cycles: 33% of identifiers were poorly visible after the 125th sterilisation cycle. Finally, micropercussion markings were less susceptible to corrosion but initially showed poorer contrast.

[SARS-COV-2 pandemic: Involvement of the hospital pharmacist in securing patient care]. / Pandémie à SARS-COV-2 : implication du pharmacien hospitalier dans la sécurisation de la prise en charge des patients.

OBJECTIVES: In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hospital pharmacists supported the implementation of recommendations and ensured the safety of patient medication management. The aim of this study is to establish the interest of the involvement of the hospital pharmacist in this context by describing and comparing the activities carried out with patients with COVID-19 and those without. METHODS: During the study period, data on clinical pharmacy activities with hospitalized patients were collected and analyzed: pharmaceutical analysis of prescriptions, participation in multi-professional consultation meetings (RCP) dedicated to COVID-19, and monitoring of adverse events. RESULTS: The activities concerned 1483 patients, including 444 with COVID-19, resulting in 575 pharmaceutical interventions (PI). The main problems identified were overdoses, untreated indications, and drug-drug interactions (DDI). AMIs were significantly more common in patients with COVID-19, with 73.3% involving disease-specific therapies. Eleven PIs had a life-threatening impact, 189 a major impact. During the PCRs, 36 PIs were performed for 59% of the patients presented. A pharmacovigilance report was performed for a quarter of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and 33% of patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the value of involving hospital pharmacists in the drug management of patients with COVID-19, particularly with the evolution of available therapies and the implementation of vaccination, in order to reduce the spread of SARS-COV2 and limit the appearance of resistance.

Impact of clinical pharmacist interventions in a bone and joint infection orthoseptic surgery unit.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of interventions of a clinical pharmacist in a unit of orthopedic surgery specialized in bone and joint infections. METHODS: Daily, in routine, a clinical pharmacist analyzed medication prescribed to inpatients via a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) (Phedra software). His attention was particularly focused on the impact of antibiotics on other medications. For this study, all of the pharmacist interventions (PI) have been retrospectively collected, then anonymized, and assessed over a two-month period. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were hospitalized during the study period, with a mean age of 63 years old. Forty-five interventions were identified which represents a mean of 1.18 pharmaceutical interventions per patient. Most of them concerned lack of follow-up (24%) and drug-drug interactions (22%) and widely non-anti-infectious medication (35 interventions) with levothyroxine (10 interventions) as the most involved non-anti-infectious molecule. Among antibiotics, with respectively 9 and 8 interventions, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones (6 interventions for moxifloxacin) were the most concerned notably for drug-drug interactions with usual treatment. CONCLUSION: In this observational retrospective study, 1.18 pharmacist interventions (PI) per patient were observed. Most of them are lack of follow-up and drug-drug interactions especially with usual treatment of patients. Moxifloxacin and rifampicin were the most antibiotics involved. Patients' characteristics (older, polypharmacy), long-term hospitalization and surgery are known to be predictive factors of medication errors and this study highlights the importance of the presence of clinical pharmacist in orthopedic surgery wards.

[Opportunity to develop pharmaceutical care for female infertility in community pharmacy: Results from a survey on patients' perceptions and expectations]. / Développement des soins pharmaceutiques de l'infertilité féminine à l'officine : enquête sur la perception et les attentes des patientes.

Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year or longer of unprotected sex. The infertility rate is increasing in France and pharmaceutical care should adapt to this issue. The objective of this study was to assess how women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) perceived ART-related pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies and to suggest ways of improving the service. METHOD: We conducted a study with patients undergoing ART at the Institute of Reproductive Medicine in Marseille, using a questionnaire. The questions concerned the perception of care given at the community pharmacy on various aspects related to medication, on a scale of 1 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied). The last question was an open-ended question about patient's expectations. RESULTS: In all, 105 patients answered the questionnaire. The average age of women was 34.5±4.8-years-old. The scores obtained concerning the perception of support on the themes explored varied between 2.8±2.8 for the lowest score and 4.2±3.4 out of 10 for the highest. In all, 79.6% of the respondents were in favor of the development of specific support in community pharmacies, especially about administration methods, management of adverse effects and management of waste linked to treatment. CONCLUSION: Women undergoing ART are willing to receive pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. In order to meet their expectations, it is necessary to develop dedicated training programs.

[Clinical pharmacy in four French-speaking university hospitals, integration and supervision of clinical pharmacists: An exploratory study]. / Pharmacie clinique au sein de quatre CHU de la francophonie, intégration et encadrement des pharmaciens cliniciens : une étude exploratoire.

BACKGROUND: Pharmacy practice continues to evolve worldwide. The clinical role of the pharmacists is increasingly recognized and their integration into the health care team is irreversible. Despite this progress, there are still a wide disparity in the scope of practice provided by hospital pharmacists around the world. This disparity can be attributed to a variety of factors. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to describe the organization of clinical pharmacy in four university hospitals in four French-speaking countries. The secondary objective is to identify similarities and differences and to identify perspectives for the future. METHODS: This is an exploratory cross-sectional descriptive study. The study targeted a university hospital (CHU) in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Canada (Quebec). A volunteer expert pharmacist involved in the management of clinical pharmacy at each hospital was approached at the initiative of a team member. A working group of five pharmacists was set up. RESULTS: During the year 2021, the group met virtually on ten occasions. Although all institutions have an academic mission, they have very different numbers of beds and volumes of activity. The number of pharmacists is also very different (0.83 FTE pharmacist/1000 admissions in Belgium, 0.22 in France, 0.59 in Switzerland and 2.39 in Quebec). In all countries, pharmacists provide clinical pharmacy services to patients in a centralised or decentralised manner, including, to various extent, prescription analysis, medication reconciliation, pharmaceutical interviews and discharge plans. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacy practice is very heterogeneous in a selection of four French-speaking teaching hospitals. Identification of similarities and differences may inspire improvements in the organization of clinical pharmacy activity. This work has contributed to the establishment of a community of practice on clinical pharmacy in the French-speaking world.

[Standardized computer recording of clinical pharmacy procedures in health care institution: Feedback and evaluation of potential economic value]. / Enregistrement informatique normalisé des actes de pharmacie clinique en établissement de santé : retour d'expérience et évaluation de la valorisation économique potentielle.

Clinical pharmacy procedures are clearly defined by the French society of clinical pharmacy. However, clinical pharmacists do not have efficient tools for their traceability. This need has increased following the publication of the instruction on the day hospital management of patients. Indeed, the action of the clinical pharmacist is included in it. In order to improve our traceability of clinical pharmacy acts and to take advantage of the implementation of the instruction, we worked with the medical information department to integrate our activity into their business software and to model the pathways valued by the intervention of the clinical pharmacist in outpatient care and in day hospital.

[Pharmaceutical supply chain of a New Caledonian hospital: Overview, risk assessment and future prospects]. / Approvisionnement pharmaceutique au centre hospitalier territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie : état des lieux, évaluation et perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: The supply circuit for health products in New Caledonia has characteristics and specificities linked to its geographical situation (extended delivery time, freight forwarder) and its local policy (own currency, fundings, legislation and custom fees). A risk management approach should provide an upgrade of the supply process safety. METHODS: A system overview is carried out thanks to the processes description (operational and cross-functional). A risk map associated with the FMEA methodology (Failure Mode Effects Analysis) identifies the most critic modes of failure, for which safety action must be taken. A specific rating is introduced when the mode of failure concerns sensitive health products. RESULTS: The mapping identified 32 modes of failure which may affect the clinical management of the patients. Concerning sensitive health products, 11 modes of failure were deemed "to be monitored". None of the failure modes were considered as "to treat as a priority". CONCLUSION: The security process is ensured by the logistics and accounting unit, internal to the pharmacy structure. Securisation might include deployment of a data exchange system, sensitive health products identification or collaboration with neighbouring countries to import health products. Supply chain reinforcement mesures can be implemented by the public authorities, but should also be sought through territorial collaboration or via the PharmApprOM community of practice bringing together pharmacists in French overseas regions.

Appropriateness of proton pump inhibitors prescription in patient admitted to hospital: An observational study.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the relevance of proton pump inhibitors prescribing in patients entering a ward with a clinical pharmacist and therefore identifying inappropriate prescribing. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted for 4 months. Patients admitted to the hospital for elective or emergency surgery, who had medication reconciliation performed by the clinical pharmacy team and who were prescribed proton pump inhibitors before admission were included. The indication for the proton pump inhibitors was collected from the patient or inferred from the medical history. The compliance of the prescriptions with the marketing authorization indications and the duration of treatment and dose was analyzed. The indications were classified into 3 groups: compliant with marketing authorization, off label but relevant use, and strictly off label use. RESULTS: During the study period, 100 patients were included among whom only 29% had a PPI prescription that did fully comply with the recommendations. Among the twenty-three prescriptions that did not comply with the recommendations in terms of indication, 15 were not relevant at all. Among the 65 prescriptions relevant for indication, 36 were not compliant with dose or duration recommendations. 59% of the total number of patients reported that they had never tried to stop treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the need for regular reassessment of proton pump inhibitors prescriptions. Multi-disciplinary collaboration on the appropriate use of this class of medication as well as increased awareness among general practitioners and hospital doctors is essential.

[Medication reconciliation on admission: One year of practice in health care institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Conciliation médicamenteuse à l'admission : bilan d'une année d'activité en établissement de santé durant la crise COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: Medication reconciliation is a key point of the v2020 certification. The main objective of this study was to evaluate this activity over one year, including the first epidemic wave at COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to identify the obstacles and levers and to evaluate doctor satisfaction. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of drug reconciliations performed on admission during 12 months of the emergence of COVID-19. Patients aged 65 years and older from orthopedic and visceral surgery, acute hospitalization and conventional medicine units were included. Unintentional discrepancies were analyzed. The obstacles and levers were identified by means of a focus group. Doctors' satisfaction was collected using online quiz. RESULTS: A total of 760 patients were conciliated, of which 27% (n=208) by hospital pharmacy technicians. A decrease in activity was observed during the first epidemic wave. An unintentional discrepancy was found in 77% of patients, and only 48% were corrected by the prescriber. These results were impacted by the pandemic. The pharmaceutical team was mobilized in the logistical management of the crisis, but it was able to adapt in order to perpetuate the activity. Doctors are satisfied with the process. CONCLUSIONS: Medication reconciliation on admission is essential for the prevention of iatrogeny, particularly with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare institutions.

Impact of education on the knowledge, attitude and practice of disposal of expired and unused medications among pharmacy students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of education among pharmacy students on their level of knowledge, attitude and practices in the disposal of expired and unused medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pre-test post-test study without control group was conducted in which a total of 573 students pursuing Bachelor of Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy programmes were enrolled. The impact of education provided was analysed with the aid of a previously validated KAP questionnaire. Data on KAP was analysed using SPSS software 24.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The knowledge, attitude and practice of the total students improved from 74.17±17.063 to 91.06±11.87, 75.92±19.26 to 91.73±12.318 and 43.11±22.77 to 82.06±16.149 respectively. The improvement with respect to knowledge and attitude was significantly high among Doctor of Pharmacy students when compared to Bachelor of Pharmacy, with P value<0.001 for both domains. CONCLUSION: The present study concludes on the effectiveness of educational intervention in generating a positive impact on the student population with respective to adequate disposal practices to be followed for unused and expired medications.

[Review of parenteral nutrition practices in four university hospital's pharmacies in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region]. / État des lieux des pratiques de nutrition parentérale dans quatre pharmacies à usage intérieur de centre hospitalier et universitaire de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

OBJECTIVES: To carry out an assessment of parenteral nutrition (PN) practices in hospital pharmacies of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in order to explore a harmonisation of practices and a collaboration between the different centres. METHODS: Status of practices was carried out on the basis of an observational study inspired by the survey of the General Inspectorate of Social Affairs. It was carried out in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in four university hospital pharmacies with a production unit of PN. It focused on the different stages of the PN process: prescription, formulation, compounding and quality control. It also covered the support processes such as the quality assurance system and the management of premises and equipment. RESULTS: Most preparations made in the region are individualized parenteral nutritional admixtures for paediatric and neonatal hospitalization departments. The production units of PN of each centre are located in premises in compliance with Good Preparation Practices. However, compounding equipment and raw materials used are heterogeneous in the four centres. All centres control the quality of their finished preparations. But, the performance of analytical control is disparate in terms of equipment and specifications. CONCLUSION: This assessment explains the similarities and differences in PN practices between various university hospitals in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and thus makes possible to provide a collective regional work to harmonise practices.