Ion channels and transporters regulate nutrient absorption in health and disease.

Ion channels and transporters are ubiquitously expressed on cell membrane, which involve in a plethora of physiological process such as contraction, neurotransmission, secretion and so on. Ion channels and transporters is of great importance to maintaining membrane potential homeostasis, which is essential to absorption of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. Most of nutrients are electrogenic and require ion channels and transporters to absorb. This review summarizes the latest research on the role of ion channels and transporters in regulating nutrient uptake such as K+ channels, Ca2+ channels and ion exchangers. Revealing the mechanism of ion channels and transporters associated with nutrient uptake will be helpful to provide new methods to diagnosis and find potential targets for diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc. Even though some of study still remain ambiguous and in early stage, we believe that ion channels and transporters will be novel therapeutic targets in the future.

Study on the occurrence law and green control of grape gray mold from the perspective of ecological balance.

With the increase of grape planting years, the base number of pathogenic seedlings and insect population is gradually rising. In addition, the introduction, breeding system and control of seedlings are not standardized and other human factors, the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea) on grape is becoming more and more serious, resulting in a prominent problem of yield decline. In this paper, the occurrence of B.cinerea was monitored and its control effect was tested from the perspective of ecological balance. Finally, the biological characteristics and control of B.cinerea were studied. The spore catcher was used to catch the pathogen spores of B. cinerea, and the amount of sporangium scattering reached its peak from August to September Spore scattering is affected by meteorological factors, and the temperature has reached a very significant level, and the low temperature and high humidity conditions are conducive to the disease; The results showed that the resistance frequency of 304 B.cinereastrains to carbendazim, boscalid, pyrimethanil was higher than 50%; the volatile compounds produced by yeast (Trichosproom sp.) YE-3-2 significantly inhibited the growth of B.cinerea (inhibition rate was 62.93%, according to the occurrence regularity of B.cinerea, the accurate and effective agricultural measures had a good control effect on B.cinerea, which could improve the quality of grape fruit and provide some help for the prevention of grape gray mold.

Allergic constitution theory of Chinese medicine and its assessment criterion and related studies.

Constitution factor plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and transformation of diseases. The occurrence of allergic diseases is mainly caused by the disorganized physiological function and suitability regulation of patients, except for their exposure to outside allergens. Moreover, it represents susceptibility and hypersensitivity to allergens. The current study expresses the concept of allergic constitution from the perspective of Chinese medicine (CM) and presents the criterion of allergic constitution. In addition, the distribution of allergic constitution in population, its factors, and its relation to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were investigated. The HRQOL scores of allergic constitution were found to be lower than those of the Pinghe constitution. After making a study on the gene expression profile of allergic constitution, the characteristics of up-regulated or down-regulated genes were found. Finally, CM drug was researched and developed to improve allergic constitution. Based on clinical trials and animal experiments, CM is found to have good regulatory effects on allergic constitution.

Organización de la atención primaria de salud urbana, con incorporación de especialistas en formación / Organization of urban primary health care, incorporating specialists in training

El objetivo central del Programa Nacional de Formación de Especialistas para la Atención Primaria Urbana es el de contribuir a elevar la resolutividad y la calidad de la atención de salud, en forma equitativa, para la gran mayoría de la población. Para lograrlo, los especialistas en formación deben integrarse, durante sus rotaciones por atención primaria, a las estructuras y funciones de cada Centro de Salud. Para contribuir a ello, este artículo presenta una definición detallada de los grupos de tareas que ellos deben cumplir y de la ponderación de los tiempos asignados a cada uno, de manera específica para cada especialidad y para cada etapa del proceso de especialización. Se enfatiza la importancia de mantener la unidad de los equipos de cuatro especialidades dentro de un sector con territorio y población definidos, además del requisito fundamental de que el equipo aporte al Centro de Salud en su conjunto, actuando como referente interno y como capacitador; y fortaleciendo las funciones de promoción y prevención en los niveles familiar y comunitario. A la vez, los Centros de Salud deben alcanzar y mantener los niveles de recursos y de funcionamiento especificados en las normas y orientaciones del Ministerio de Salud.

The main objective of the “National Training Program for Specialists assigned to urban Primary Health Care Centres” is to contribute towards the improvement of the quality and problem solving effectiveness of care, with equity and for the great majority of the population. In order to achieve this, the specialists in training must be integrated, during their primary care stages, into the structure and functions of each Primary Health Center. As an input for this process, and on the basis of the existing experience, this paper presents a detailed definition of the groups of tasks that they should perform and of the time alloted to each of them. This is specified for each speciality and for each training stage. It is important to maintain the cohesion of the teams of four specialities (Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics an Gynecology, and Psychiatry) connected to a given territory and population, as well as to comply with the fundamental requisite that they contribute to the Health Center as a whole. This they should do by acting as an internal referral level and as a training resource for the other professionals; and by strengthening the health promotion and protection functions at the family and community levels. In turn, the Centres shoud strive to reach and maintain the resources and functioning levels indicated in the norms of the Ministry of Health.