Trajectory and predictors of family function in caregivers of stroke survivors: A longitudinal study of the first 6 months after stroke.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the trajectory and predictors of family function in caregivers of stroke survivors during the first 6 months after the first episode of stroke. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. METHODS: A total of 288 primary caregivers of patients with first-time stroke were recruited from seven tertiary hospitals in China between July 2020 and March 2021. The following characteristics were assessed by caregivers at hospitalization (T0) and at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3) after the stroke: family function, general self-efficacy, social support, coping style, caregiver burden, and sociodemographic and clinical data. RESULTS: Family function scores among caregivers of stroke survivors were highest in the resolve dimension and lowest in the growth and adaptation dimensions within the first 6 months. The percentages of families with low functioning were 34.7%, 33.3%, 24.8% and 17.7% at T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The generalized estimating equation model revealed that family function in caregivers increased over the first 6 months (Exp(B) = 1.415-2.689, p < .05). The following factors were identified as predictors of family functioning: caregiver's age, education, residential district, self-efficacy, social support utilization and caregiver burden. CONCLUSIONS: Family function of caregivers of stroke survivors gradually increased during the first 6 months after stroke. However, some families demonstrated poor functioning. Caregivers' age, education, caregiver burden, self-efficacy and social support utilization could predict family function over time. IMPACT: Empirical data on family function in families of stroke survivors are important for developing psychosocial interventions that can help families adapt to stroke. This study found that families of stroke survivors were likely to be dysfunctional in the first 6 months after stroke, particularly in family growth and adaptation. Therefore, reducing caregiver burden and promoting self-efficacy and social support utilization can help restore family functioning early after stroke. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Stroke caregivers from seven hospitals in China were involved in this study and had the right to be informed of the main findings. A few patients were informed of the research results, who contributed to the dissemination.

Participatory family workshops in psychosocial health and illness research: experiences from Danish health promotion projects.

Family involvement in health and illness research is a complex matter, often characterized by unclear structural relations and contrasting needs and expectations within the family. As the family is a setting in which health and illness behaviors are developed, maintained and potentially changed, gaining knowledge about family dynamics and how to approach familial health promotion is essential. But which methodological approaches are best suited to collecting data for generating such knowledge? We propose using participatory family workshops as a method to generate in-depth data on health-related psychosocial family dynamics, the goal is to improve the field of familial health promotion. We have used family workshops in a variety of settings among various target groups in different research and development projects. In the present article, we re-visit and discuss three research projects focusing on (i) families living with type 2 diabetes, (ii) family-based prevention of childhood obesity and (iii) families with a child with type 1 diabetes. We present experiences with all phases involved in planning and facilitating research workshops. Key points are discussed in relation to implications and perspectives for practice and research. Family workshops are complex and sometimes unpredictable. However, when family workshops are successful, they provide rich and dynamic in-depth data that cannot be produced using more traditional forms of data collection. The article provides an outline of experiences as well as hands-on recommendations for working with family workshops.

Assessing anxiety in Black men with prostate cancer: further data on the reliability and validity of the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC).

PURPOSE: The National Cancer Institute has highlighted the need for psychosocial research to focus on Black cancer patients. This applies to Black men with prostate cancer, as there is little systematic research concerning psychological distress in these men. This study was designed to validate the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC) in Black men with prostate cancer to help facilitate research within this group. METHODS: At three institutions, Black men with prostate cancer (n = 101) completed the MAX-PC, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Distress Thermometer. RESULTS: The average age of the 101 men was 66 (SD = 10) and 58 % had early-stage disease. The MAX-PC and its subscales (Prostate Cancer Anxiety, PSA Anxiety, and Fear of Recurrence) produced strong coefficient alphas (0.89, 0.88, 0.71, and 0.77, respectively). Factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the scale established in earlier findings. The MAX-PC also demonstrated strong validity. MAX-PC total scores correlated highly with the Anxiety subscale of the HADS (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) and the FACT Emotional Well-Being subscale (r = -0.55, p < 0.01). Demonstrating discriminant validity, the correlation with the HADS Depression subscale (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and the CES-D (r = 0.42, p < 0.01) was lower compared to that with the HADS Anxiety subscale. CONCLUSIONS: The MAX-PC is valid and reliable in Black men with prostate cancer. We hope the validation of this scale in Black men will help facilitate psychosocial research in this group that is disproportionately adversely affected by this cancer.

Perceived judgment about weight can negatively influence weight loss: a cross-sectional study of overweight and obese patients.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between patient-perceived judgments about weight by primary care providers (PCPs) and self-reported weight loss. METHODS: We conducted a national internet-based survey of 600 adults engaged in primary care with a body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m(2) in 2012. Our weight loss outcomes included attempted weight loss and achieved ≥10% weight loss in the last 12 months. Our independent variable was "feeling judged about my weight by my PCP." We created an interaction between perceiving judgment and PCP discussing weight loss as an independent variable. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for patient and PCP factors using survey weights. RESULTS: Overall, 21% perceived that their PCP judged them about their weight. Respondents who perceived judgment were significantly more likely to attempt weight loss [odds ratios (OR) 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96-11.14]. They were not more likely to achieve ≥10% weight loss [OR 0.87, 95%CI 0.42-1.76]. Among patients whose PCPs discussed weight loss, 20.1% achieved ≥10% weight loss if they did not perceive judgment by their PCP as compared to 13.5% who perceived judgment. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss discussions between patients and PCPs may lead to greater weight loss in relationships where patients do not perceive judgment about their weight.

Determinants of Successful Implementation of Assistive Technologies for Dementia: Exploratory Survey.

Background: Despite positive results for the use of assistive technologies (ATs) in dementia, the uptake of ATs lags behind. It is considered important to assess determinants of successful or unsuccessful implementation of ATs. Objective: We explored factors that influence the implementation of ATs for community-dwelling people with dementia, with the aim to better understand potentially effective implementation strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey for researchers was developed and disseminated, exploring factors that influence either successful or unsuccessful implementation of ATs for dementia. The survey consisted of closed and open questions. Results: The response rate was 10% (21/206); the 21 respondents who completed the survey were from 8 countries. Determinants of implementation were described for 21 ATs, of which 12 were successfully and 9 were unsuccessfully implemented. Various types of ATs were included, such as online platforms, sensors, or physical aids. The main determinants of implementation success were related to the AT itself, contextual factors, research activities, and implementation strategies. There was a lack of research data on some ethical issues and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: This study provided insight into some main barriers to and facilitators of implementation of ATs in dementia related to the AT itself, context, research-related activities, and applied implementation strategies. Lessons were formulated for various stakeholders to improve the implementation effectiveness of ATs in dementia.

Melanoma survivors at high risk of developing new primary disease: a qualitative examination of the factors that contribute to patient satisfaction with clinical care.

BACKGROUND: Providing ongoing clinical care that adequately addresses patients' medical, psychosocial and information needs is challenging, particularly for patient groups at increased risk of developing life-threatening disease such as malignant melanoma. This study examined a model of clinical care developed by the High Risk Clinic (HRC) of the Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre in relation to patient satisfaction. METHODS: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted and analyzed using the framework of Miles and Huberman, and themes were organized using the qualitative software package, QSR NVivo8. RESULTS: Twenty HRC patients participated in the study (nine men, 11 women; mean age 57.6 years, age range 34-74 years; response rate 91%). Satisfaction with clinical care at the HRC was high. Factors contributing to patient satisfaction included: rapid and regular access to physicians who were perceived by participants as experts, the development of confidence and trust in one's treating doctor, and a sense of being cared about and understood by one's healthcare team. Although one-third of the participants reported some inconveniences in attending the clinic, these were viewed as minor difficulties and not significant barriers to care. Formal psychological support was not sought or expected by participants, although many expressed long-standing melanoma-related fears and concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Accessible, expert medical attention, delivered in a patient-centered manner was integral to melanoma survivors' satisfaction with clinical management. Appropriate referrals to psychological support may further increase satisfaction with clinical care.

International Camps for Children with Lymphedema and Lymphatic Anomalies: When Education Links with Psychosocial Research.

Background: Lymphedema in children and adolescents is a rare and chronic condition. The management of their lymphedema is mainly driven by the adaptation of treatments used in adults. The aim of our study was to explore the needs and challenges the children and adolescents face during their management with the aim of finding ways to satisfy these needs and organize an hospital-based centre accordingly with an educational program. Methods and Results: Patients and their families were given the opportunity to meet other patients, their families and professionals during social activities organised annually and during two international camps. They were invited to take part in different semi structured focus groups and interviews. All patients and families described a long journey and relief when the diagnosis was obtained followed by the shock of being told that it was a chronic condition. Meeting other children with the condition was a relief. The impact of lymphedema on body shape and genitals was a source of distress. Rejection of the compression was part of journey. Lymphedema management had an impact on all the family members including siblings. Parents were responsible for their child self-management in young children which was described as demanding. It was followed by a complex transition phase to self-management. The impact was not the same according to the age the lymphedema had started. Conclusion: Acceptance and management of lymphedema is complex and invades many aspects of families' life. Self-management is demanding. Based on these results, the management of lymphedema in the centre included meeting other children and families and an educational program based on individual needs and follow-up. Clinical Trials.gov ID:NCT01922635.

Women's responses and understanding of polygenic breast cancer risk information.

It is estimated that polygenic factors can explain up to 18% of familial breast cancer. Clinical implementation of polygenic testing has begun, with several commercial laboratories now testing. Despite commercial implementation, there is little research investigating how women respond and understand polygenic risk information. This study aimed to explore women's experience receiving their personalised polygenic risk score (PRS) and compare responses of women at different levels of polygenic risk. Eligible participants were affected and unaffected women from families clinically assessed to be at high risk for breast cancer who had received their personalised PRS as part of the Variants in Practice Psychosocial Study (ViPPs). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 women (mean age 53.4 years) up to four weeks after receiving their PRS. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Eleven women received a PRS that was in the top quartile of PRS distribution and 10 in the lowest quartile. Women's lived experience with breast cancer informed how they responded to their PRS, constructed and made sense of breast cancer risk following receipt of their PRS, and integrated this new information into their breast cancer risk management. Regardless of polygenic risk level, all participants demonstrated broad knowledge of concepts related to polygenic information and were able to accurately describe the implications of their PRS. Receiving PRS did not appear to negatively impact women's reported distress levels. Our findings suggest polygenic breast cancer information is well received and understood by women at high-risk for breast cancer.

Exposing the Risks of Social Media Recruitment in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: #Beware.

Enrolling adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in psychosocial research studies during cancer treatment is challenging. Successful AYA study recruitment not specific to oncology patients supports social media network advertising and recruitment strategies. However, this brief report describes several challenges to recruiting an appropriate and credible anonymous sample while conducting Institutional Review Board-approved research using social media recruitment. Namely, ethical oversight impeded access to AYAs with cancer and monetary remuneration allured many noneligible AYA participants who accessed the online survey. Lessons learned from this study provide caution for researchers interested in a similar approach and illustrate ways to determine credibility of findings.

How self-stigma affects patient activation in persons with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Self-stigma is associated with lower patient activation levels for self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causal pathway linking self-stigma with patient activation for self-care has not been shown. In order to determine how self-stigma affects patient activation for self-care, we tested a two-path hypothetical model both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two university hospitals, one general hospital and one clinic in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: T2DM outpatients receiving treatment (n=209) completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Self-Stigma Scale, Patient Activation Measure, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, haemoglobin A1c test, age, sex and body mass index. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-stigma levels were measured by using the Self-Stigma Scale. Patient activation levels were measured by the Patient Activation Measure. RESULTS: Path analysis showed a strong relationship between self-stigma and patient activation (χ2=27.55, p=0.120; goodness-of-fit index=0.97; adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.94; comparative fit index=0.98; root mean square error of approximation=0.04). Self-stigma had a direct effect on patient activation (ß=-0.20; p=0.002). Indirectly, self-stigma affected patient activation along two paths (ß=0.31; p<0.001) by reducing self-esteem (ß=-0.22; p<0.001) and self-efficacy (ß=-0.36; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, longitudinal changes between all the variables cannot be established. However, the findings indicate that self-stigma affected patient activation for self-care, both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Interventions that increase self-esteem and self-efficacy may decrease self-stigma in patients with T2DM, thus increasing patient activation for self-care.

Impact of comprehensive treatment for first episode psychosis on substance use outcomes: A randomized controlled trial.

Lifetime co-occurring substance use disorders are common at the time of presentation for treatment of a first episode of primary psychosis and persistent substance use disorder (SUD) leads to poorer outcomes. We assessed whether the NAVIGATE program, a coordinated specialty care service that includes optional substance abuse content reduced substance use compared to usual care in 404 individuals in the Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) study. Participants were randomized to two years of NAVIGATE (n = 223) or usual care (n = 181) and assessed monthly for substance use. At baseline, over one-half (51.7%) of the participants met criteria for a lifetime SUD, including over one-third with alcohol use disorder (36.4%) and with cannabis use disorder (34.7%). Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no treatment group by time interaction effect on days of self-reported substance use over the two-year follow-up. Participant exposure to the substance abuse component of the NAVIGATE program was low, suggesting that modifications to the program and training method for clinicians may be needed. Further research is needed to determine the most effective strategies for addressing substance use disorders in persons recovering from a first episode of psychosis.

Conhecer, intervir, partilhar: pistas para a pesquisa psicossocial na construção de outros mundos possíveis / Knowing, intervening, sharing: clues for psychosocial research in the construction of other possible worlds / Conocer, intervenir, compartir: claves para la investigación psicosocial en la construcción de otros mundos posibles

Partindo das interpelações impostas pelo atual cenário atravessado por uma pandemia sem precedentes, o presente artigo busca refletir sobre a construção de conhecimento desde uma perspectiva psicossocial. Para tanto, dialoga tanto com as heranças que renovaram o campo a partir da chamada "crise da Psicologia Social" nas pesquisas realizadas na América Latina e no Brasil - que se expressam em autores tais como Sílvia Lane, Paulo Freire, Inacio Martín-Baró, Maria Inácia d'Ávila - quanto com autores do campo ciência-tecnologia-sociedade (CTS) que têm problematizado os modos de fazer pesquisa e de fazer pesquisa nas ciências sociais - dentre os quais destacamos Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway, Vincianne Despret, Isabelle Stengers. Propomos, inicialmente, dessubstancializar a noção de psicossocial e, a partir daí, avançar na proposição de uma pesquisa situada, aterrada, tecida com aqueles com quem pesquisamos, tendo como balizamento a proposição cosmopolítica, entendida como possibilidade de composição de um mundo comum, articulado e heterogêneo.

Starting from the challenges imposed by the current scenario, crossed by an unprecedented pandemic, this article seeks to reflect on the construction of knowledge from a psychosocial perspective. Therefore, dialoguing so much with the heritages that renewed the field from the so-called "crisis of Social Psychology and the incorporation of French Psychosociology in research carried out in Latin America and Brazil" - which are expressed in authors such as Sílvia Lane, Paulo Freire, Inacio Martín-Baró, Maria Inácia D'Ávila -, as with authors from the field STS (science-technology-society), who have problematized the ways of doing research and research in the social sciences - among which we highlight Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway, Vincianne Despret, Isabelle Stengers. We propose, initially, to desubstantialize the notion of psychosocial and, from there, to advance in the proposition of a situated, grounded research, woven with those we research, based on the cosmopolitical proposition, understood as the possibility of composing a common, articulated and heterogeneous world.

A partir de los desafíos que impone el escenario actual, atravesado por una pandemia sin precedentes, este artículo busca reflexionar sobre la construcción del conocimiento desde una perspectiva psicosocial. Por tanto, dialogando tanto con las herencias que renovaron el campo desde la llamada "crisis de la Psicología Social y la incorporación de la Psicosociología francesa en las investigaciones realizadas en América Latina y Brasil" - que se expresan en autores como Sílvia Lane, Paulo Freire , Inacio Martín-Baró, Maria Inácia D'Ávila -, al igual que con autores del campo CTS (ciencia-tecnología-sociedad), que han problematizado las formas de hacer investigación e investigación en las ciencias sociales - entre los que destacamos a Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway, Vincianne Despret, Isabelle Stengers. Proponemos, inicialmente, desustancializar la noción de psicosocial y, a partir de ahí, avanzar en la proposición de una investigación situada, fundamentada, tejida con los que investigamos, teniendo como faro la proposición cosmopolítica, entendida como la posibilidad de componer un mondo común , articulado y heterogéneo.

Propuestas de investigaciones psicosociales generadas a partir de la colaboración internacional / Proposals of Psychosocial Research Generated from International Collaboration

Introducción: La cooperación académica y científico-técnica en el área de las ciencias del comportamiento abarca temáticas como el bienestar psicosocial, la promoción de salud y la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. A partir de ello, entre los años 2016 y 2018, se desarrollaron intercambios sistemáticos entre psicólogos de varias instituciones académicas y de salud de Cuba y de la Universidad de Connecticut con el propósito de fomentar la cooperación en el área de la psicología de la salud. Objetivo: Describir las principales propuestas de investigaciones psicosociales generadas a partir de la colaboración científico-técnica entre profesionales cubanos e investigadores de la Universidad de Connecticut, entre 2016 y 2018. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, con un diseño etnográfico. Se eligieron informantes clave entre investigadores cubanos y estadounidenses y se usaron como técnicas la observación participante, la entrevista en profundidad y el análisis de documentos. Resultados: Se gestaron varias propuestas de investigaciones que propiciaron el desarrollo de intervenciones psicosociales preventivas. Se promovió la realización de estudios basados en el reconocimiento de la significación de la determinación social de la salud en la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas. Se tuvieron en cuenta diez estudios dirigidos a la prevención y atención de los trastornos adictivos que fueron desarrollados durante los años 2017 - 2018. Conclusiones: A partir de los encuentros realizados se elaboraron propuestas que propiciaron la ejecución de intervenciones preventivas individuales y comunitarias exitosas. A partir de la colaboración científico-técnica internacional y de la aplicación de acciones que promuevan la información, la motivación y la formación de habilidades conductuales se potencia el desarrollo de comportamientos preventivos(AU)

Introduction: Academic and scientific-technical cooperation in the area of behavioral sciences covers topics such as psychosocial well-being, health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases. Based on this, between 2016 and 2018, systematic exchanges were developed between psychologists from several academic and health institutions from Cuba and the University of Connecticut, with the aim of promoting cooperation in the area of health psychology. Objective: To describe the main psychosocial research proposals generated, between 2016 and 2018, from the scientific-technical collaboration between Cuban professionals and researchers from the University of Connecticut. Methods: A qualitative research was developed, with an ethnographic design. Key informants were chosen from among Cuban and US researchers. The techniques used were participant observation, in-depth interview, and document analysis. Results: Several research proposals were developed that led to the development of preventive psychosocial interventions. Studies were promoted aimed at recognizing the significance of health social determination in the prevention of chronic diseases. Ten studies were taken into account, as they were aimed at the prevention and care of addictive disorders that were developed during the years 2017 - 2018. Conclusions: During the meetings held, proposals were made that led to the implementation of successful individual and community preventive interventions. From the international scientific-technical collaboration and the application of actions that promote information, motivation and the formation of behavioral skills, the development of preventive behaviors is promoted(AU)

We're in this together: Patients', caregivers' and health care providers' illness perceptions about non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

This study reviews empirical studies in the area of illness perceptions in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Beliefs about the illness and its consequences, including its medical management, are part of the review. Also, the relatively small research area of perceptions and views about patients with NSCLC of caregivers and health care providers is reviewed. Given our earlier review of the topic in this Journal [5], we now report on papers published after that 2011 publication. 38 papers were identified, a quite major increase in published research compared to the 15 papers in our previous publication (2011 and earlier). Most papers report on psychosocial concepts that determine responses to the illness and its treatment. Increasingly, reactions of caregivers and health care providers are studied. These last two categories of respondents perceive the psychosocial consequences of NSCLC as more severe than the patients themselves. Psychosocial variables appear to be stronger predictors of psychological distress and reduced quality of life than sociodemographic or clinical variables. These results are instrumental in the developing field of psychosocial interventions for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and their caregivers, which may also be helpful for health care providers. Suggestions for research and clinical implications are presented.

Ethics in psychosocial and biomedical research: a training experience at the Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics (CIEB) of the University of Chile / Ética en investigación biomédica y psicosocial: experiencia de capacitación en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética (CIEB) de la Universidad de Chile / Ética na pesquisa biomédica e psicossocial: eExperiência de capacitação no Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Bioética (CIEB) da Universidade do Chile

This paper reviews the experience in training Latin American professionals and scientists in the ethics of biomedical and psychosocial research at the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies in Bioethics (CIEB) of the University of Chile, aided by a grant from Fogarty International Center (FIC) - National Institutes of Health from 2002 to 2011. In these 10 years of experience, 50 trainees have completed a 12-month training combining on-line and in-person teaching and learning activities, with further support for maintaining contact via webmail and personal meetings. The network formed by faculty and former trainees has published extensively on issues relevant in the continent and has been instrumental in promoting new master level courses at different universities, drafting regulations and norms, and promoting the use of bioethical discourse in health care and research. Evaluation meetings have shown that while most trainees did benefit from the experience and contributed highly to developments at their home institutions and countries, some degree of structuring of demand for qualified personnel is needed in order to better utilize the human resources created by the program. Publications and other deliverables of trainees and faculty are presented.

El presente artículo revisa la experiencia de capacitación en ética de investigación biomédica y psicosocial a profesionales y científicos latinoamericanos en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Bioética de la Universidad de Chile, con el apoyo de un grant del Centro Internacional Fogarty de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud de Estados Unidos, de 2002 a 2011. En estos 10 años de experiencia, 50 profesionales han completado una capacitación de 12 meses, que combina actividades de aprendizaje en línea y presenciales con apoyo vía email y tutoría. La red, formada por los académicos del programa y los participantes, ha publicado extensamente en temas relevantes para el continente y ha sido instrumental en promover cursos de nivel de magíster en diferentes universidades, proponer regulaciones y promover el uso del discurso bioético en la atención de salud y la investigación. Los encuentros de evaluación han demostrado que, aun cuando la mayoría de los participantes se beneficiaron de la experiencia y contribuyeron grandemente al desarrollo en sus instituciones y su país, se necesita algún grado de estructuración para la demanda de personal calificado que pueda utilizar mejor los recursos humanos creados por el programa. Se presentan las publicaciones y otros productos de académicos y participantes en el programa.

O presente artigo revisa a experiência de capacitação em ética da pesquisa biomédica e psicossocial a profissionais e cientistas latino-americanos no Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Bioética da Universidade do Chile, com o apoio de bolsa do Centro Internacional Fogarty dos Institutos Nacionais de Saúde dos Estados Unidos, de 2002 a 2011. Nestes 10 anos de experiência, 50 profissionais completaram uma capacitação de 12 meses, que combina atividades de aprendizagem “on line” e presenciais com apoio via e-mail e tutoria. A rede formada por acadêmicos do programa e participantes publicou extensamente temas relevantes para o continente e foi instrumental em promover cursos em nivel de mestrado em diferentes universidades, propor regulamentações e promover o uso do discurso bioético na atenção à saúde e à pesquisa. Os encontros de avaliação têm demonstrado que, mesmo que a maioria dos participantes tenha se beneficiado da experiência e contribuido grandemente para o desenvolvimento de suas instituições e seu país, ainda necessita de algum grau de estruturação para a demanda de pessoal qualificado que possa utilizar melhor os recursos humanos criados pelo programa. São apresentados publicações e outros produtos de acadêmicos e participantes do programa.

Efeitos de ordem, do entrevistador do local e do horário de coleta dos dados nos resultados de uma pesquisa psicossocial / The effects determined by order, interviewer, place and time during the data-collecting procedure on the results of a social psychology research

Este estudo procura avaliar o efeito da ordem de apresentação dos estímulos, do entrevistador e do local de realização e horário de realização da coleta de dados nos resultados de uma pesquisa psicossocial. No primeiro caso, foi avaliado o efeito de ordem na apresentação dos estímulos. Os resultados evidenciaram a ausência de qualquer efeito de ordem, uma vez que independentes da ordem de apresentação das cenas, os resultados foram os mesmos. O entrevistador exerceu um efeito apenas modesto, pois das quatro entrevistadoras, observou-se diferença estatística significativa apenas nas respostas obtidas por uma delas. Em relação ao local das entrevistas, um único apresentou uma diferença significativa, e ainda assim, em apenas uma das cenas avaliadas. Por fim, no caso do horário de realização da coleta não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos resultados. Os dados indicam que os efeitos dos fatores contingenciais não parecem ser decisivos nos resultados da pesquisa.

his study is for evaluating the effects of thesequence in which the different stimulus arepresented, the interviewer, the place of theexperiment and the time of the data-collectingprocedure. In the first instance, it was evalu-ated the effect determined by the order in asequence of stimulus. The results revealed theabsence of any effect determined by thesequence order, since they were the sameindependently of the variations applied to thesequence. The effect determined by the inter-viewer, by its turn, provoked only a singlesubtle result, because, considering the factthat there were four women acting as intervi-ewer, only in the answers obtained by one ofthem it was noted significant statistics differen-ces and, even so, only in one of the six scenesused in the experiment. Concerning the vari-ation of places, from among the five siteswhere the data-collecting procedure was car-ried out, also only one presented a significantresult difference. At last, as regards the hourwhen the data-collecting procedure is carriedout, also only one of the four different hourspresented a relevant statistic difference inresult. Those results indicate, therefore, thatthe effect of the contingential factors does notseem to be decisive in spite of all the cautionsadopted by the researcher